Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Montgomery, Thomas D., once mentioned the application of 2026-48-4, Name is L-Valinol, molecular formula is C5H13NO, molecular weight is 103.16, MDL number is MFCD00064296, category is amides-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Product Details of 2026-48-4.
Nonadditive Interactions Mediated by Water at Chemically Heterogeneous Surfaces: Nonionic Polar Groups and Hydrophobic Interactions
We explore how two nonionic polar groups (primary amine and primary amide) influence hydrophobic interactions of neighboring nonpolar domains. We designed stable beta-peptide sequences that generated globally amphiphilic (GA) helices, each with a nonpolar domain formed by six cyclohexyl side chains arranged along one side of the 14-helix. The other side of the helix was dominated by three polar side chains, from beta(3)-homolysine (K) and/or beta(3)-homoglutamine (Q) residues. Variations in this polar side chain array included exclusively beta(3)-hLys (GA-KKK) and beta(3)-hLys/beta(3)-hGln mixtures (e.g., GA-QKK and GA-QQK). Chemical force measurements in aqueous solution versus methanol allowed quantification of the hydrophobic interactions of the beta-peptide with the nonpolar tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM). At pH 10.5, where the K side chain is largely uncharged, we measured hydrophobic adhesive interactions mediated by GA-KKK to be 0.61 +/- 0.04 nN, by GA-QKK to be 0.54 +/- 0.01 nN, and by GA-QQK to be 0 +/- 0.01 nN. This finding suggests that replacing an amine group (K side chain) with a primary amide group (Q side chain) weakens the hydrophobic interaction generated by the six cyclohexyl side chains. AFM studies with solid-supported mixed monolayers containing an alkyl component (60%) and a component bearing either a terminal amide or an amine group (40%) revealed analogous trends. These observations from two distinct experiment systems indicate that proximal nonionic polar groups have pronounced effects on hydrophobic interactions generated by a neighboring nonpolar domain, and that the magnitude of the effect depends strongly on polar group identity.
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