17-Sep-2021 News Introduction of a new synthetic route about 683-57-8

According to the analysis of related databases, 683-57-8, the application of this compound in the production field has become more and more popular.

In the chemical reaction process, reaction time, type of solvent, can easily affect the result of the reaction, thereby determining the yield and properties of the reaction product. An updated downstream synthesis route of 683-57-8 as follows. Product Details of 683-57-8

Example 1: 2-[1-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-naphthalen-2-ylamino]-acetamide, hydrochloride; [Show Image] 2-Bromoacetamide (1.05 equiv), potassium carbonate (1.5 equiv) and sodium iodide (0.1 equiv) were added at r.t. to a solution of 1-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-naphthalen-2-ylamine (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL). The resulting mixture was allowed to heat to 80C for 18 hours. water (10 mL) and DCM (10 mL) were added to the mixture. The organic layer was washed with water (1x) and brine (2x). After drying over MgSO4, the solvent was evaporated to afford the crude compound. This latter was purified by flash chromatography (100% EtOAc to 10% MeOH/EtOAC) to afford brown oil in 63 % yield. A 2.0 M solution of HCl in ether (10 equiv) was added to a solution of this latter in 0.5 mL of methanol to afford the HCl salt as an brown hygroscopic solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) : 3.38 (s, 2H, CH2-N), 3.86 (t, J 4.9 Hz, 4H, CH2-N), 4.0-4.1 (m, 4H, CH2-O), 4.14 (s, 2H, NH-CH2-CO), 4.57 (t, J 4.8 Hz, 2H, CH2-CO), 7.31 (d, J 9.3 Hz, 1H, Ar), 7.45 (m, 1H, Ar), 7.60 (m, 1H, Ar), 7.60 (m, 1H, Ar), 7.77 (d, J 8.8 Hz, 1H, Ar), 7.90 (d, J 7.8 Hz, 1H, Ar), 8.02 (d, J 9.3 Hz, 1H, Ar). M/Z (M+H)+ = 330.

According to the analysis of related databases, 683-57-8, the application of this compound in the production field has become more and more popular.

Reference:
Patent; Faust Pharmaceuticals; EP1777219; (2007); A1;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

17-Sep-2021 News Discovery of 98-18-0

The synthetic route of 98-18-0 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Electric Literature of 98-18-0, A common heterocyclic compound, 98-18-0, name is 3-Aminobenzenesulfonamide, molecular formula is C6H8N2O2S, its traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route.

First the starting material, 3-isothiocyanato-benzenesulfonamide, which has the structural formula was prepared as follows. To a solution of 3-AMINO- benzenesulfonamide (Maybridge Chemical Co. , 1.00 g, 5.81 MMOL) in acetone (15 mL) at 0°C was added sequentially thiophosgene (0.503 mL, 6.39 MMOL) and fresh 25percent aq. NA2CO3 (5. 8 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After 20 minutes, the acetone was removed under reduced pressure. The resultant suspension was adjusted to pH=7 with 10percent aq. HCI and filtered to isolate a light tan solid, 1.24 G (quantitative yield), that matched previous (mp 146-149°C ; French patent application FR 1528249; Chem. Abs. , 71, 30206 (1969) ) and was used without further purification. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) : 87. 83-7.75 (1H, m), 7.69-7. 62 (1H, m), 7.52 (1H, s). The title compound was prepared in a manner similar to that for 4- [4-AMINO-5- (2- hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-thiazol-2-ylamino]-benzenesulfonamide (Example M (1)). 3- ISOTHIOCYANATO-BENZENESULFONAMIDE (212 mg, 0.989 MMOL) furnished a yellow solid, 432 mg, that precipitated from IPROH/HEX to give 17. 1 mg of orange-brown solid. Furthermore, the mother liquor was purified via column, chromatography with a 5-10percent MeOH/CHCI3 stepwise gradient eluant to provide 120 mg of yellow solid that decomposed above 240 C. The total yield was 291 mg (73percent). 1H NMR (CD30D) : 8 8.36 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 1.8 Hz), 7.78 (1H, ddd, J = 1.0, 2.2, 8.1 Hz), 7.62 (1H, ddd, J = 1. 1,1. 6,7. 8 HZ), 7.50 (1H, t, J = 8. 1 Hz), 7.05 (2H, t, J = 7. 5 HZ). FTIR (KBr): 3309,3076, 1620, 1546,1527, 1465,1429, 1156 cm-1. HRFABMS: Calcd for CR6H 3F2N403S2 (M+H+) 411.0406. Found: 411.0406. Anal. calcd. for CA6HR2F2N403S2 0. 5 H2O : C, 45.82 ; H, 3.12 ; N, 13.36 ; S, 15.29. Found: C, 45.78 ; H, 3.12 ; N, 13.18 ; S, 15.50.

The synthetic route of 98-18-0 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Patent; PFIZER INC.; WO2004/72070; (2004); A1;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

17-Sep-2021 News Continuously updated synthesis method about 134575-14-7

If you are interested in these compounds, you can also browse my other articles.Thank you for taking the time to read this article. I hope you enjoyed it.

Adding a certain compound to certain chemical reactions, such as: 134575-14-7, name is exo-Benzyl 6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxylate, belongs to amides-buliding-blocks compound, can increase the reaction rate and produce products with better performance than those obtained under traditional synthetic methods. Here is a downstream synthesis route of the compound 134575-14-7, name: exo-Benzyl 6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxylate

24.2. (la,5a,6a)-6-Formyl-3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:DMP (15% in DCM, 20 mL) was added to a solution of intermediate 24.1 (1.27 g) in DCM (20 mL) at RT. After stirring for 2h40 at RT, sat. aq. NaHCO3 was added and the phases were separated. The org. phase was dried (MgSO^ and evaporated off. CC (Hept/EA 12/88 to EA) of the crude afforded 620 mg of the desired compound as orange oil.LC-MS: tR = 0.86 min; [M+H]+: 246.04.

If you are interested in these compounds, you can also browse my other articles.Thank you for taking the time to read this article. I hope you enjoyed it.

Reference:
Patent; ACTELION PHARMACEUTICALS LTD; CAROFF, Eva; HILPERT, Kurt; HUBLER, Francis; MEYER, Emmanuel; RENNEBERG, Dorte; WO2010/116328; (2010); A2;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

17-Sep-2021 News The origin of a common compound about 19962-04-0

The synthetic route of 19962-04-0 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Related Products of 19962-04-0, These common heterocyclic compound, 19962-04-0, name is 3-Aminophenyl dimethylcarbamate, its traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route.

A. Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-(3-(dimethylcarbamoyloxy)phenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate. N-Boc-amino-(4-N-Boc-piperidinyl)carboxylic acid (0.114 g, 0.33 mmol), HATU (0.151 g, 0.40 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (128 mg, 1.0 mmol) were combined in isopropyl acetate (2.3 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. 3-aminophenyl dimethylcarbamate (0.072 g, 0.40 mmol) was added, and the mixture heated at 80 C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool, diluted with EtOAc, washed with 2 N Na2CO3, 1 N HCl, and brine, and then dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. Purification by silica gel chromatography (60% EtOAc/hexanes) gave the title compound (0.075 g, 45%) as a white solid. MS (ES+) [M+NH4]+=524.

The synthetic route of 19962-04-0 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Patent; Burgoon, Hugh Alfred; Goodwin, Nicole Cathleen; Harrison, Bryce Alden; Healy, Jason Patrick; Liu, Ying; Mabon, Ross; Marinelli, Brett; Rawlins, David Brent; Rice, Dennis Stewart; Whitlock, Norris Andrew; US2009/264450; (2009); A1;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

17-Sep-2021 News Discovery of 6919-61-5

In the field of chemistry, the synthetic routes of compounds are constantly being developed and updated. I will also mention this compound in other articles, N-Methoxy-N-methylbenzamide, other downstream synthetic routes, hurry up and to see.

Adding a certain compound to certain chemical reactions, such as: 6919-61-5, name is N-Methoxy-N-methylbenzamide, belongs to amides-buliding-blocks compound, can increase the reaction rate and produce products with better performance than those obtained under traditional synthetic methods. Here is a downstream synthesis route of the compound 6919-61-5, HPLC of Formula: C9H11NO2

N-Methoxy-N-methyl benzamide 20 (0.1 g, 0.60 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous diethyl ether (2.01 ml). The solution was cooled to 0 C. To this, vinyl magnesium bromide solution (0.91 ml, 1.0 M in THF) was added dropwise over 30 min at 0 C. After the completion of addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for a further 60 min at 0 C and for 30 min at room temperature. It was then quenched with 1M HCl at 0 C. The reaction mixture was diluted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4,concentrated in vacuo, purified on silica gel (3:1 hexanes/EtOAc) to afford 0.04 g of 7 (55%) as a colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ae 7.95 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.60-7.55 (m, J = 7.4 Hz,1H), 7.49 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (dd, J = 10.5 Hz, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 5.90(d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ae 191.2, 137.5, 133.1, 132.6, 130.2, 128.8,128.7. HRMS C9H9O [M+H]+ Expected: 133.0648, Found: 133.0646.

In the field of chemistry, the synthetic routes of compounds are constantly being developed and updated. I will also mention this compound in other articles, N-Methoxy-N-methylbenzamide, other downstream synthetic routes, hurry up and to see.

Reference:
Article; Korwar, Sudha; Nguyen, Thuy; Ellis, Keith C.; Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters; vol. 24; 1; (2014); p. 271 – 274;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

17-Sep-2021 News Share a compound : 6228-73-5

The synthetic route of Cyclopropanecarboxamide has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Synthetic Route of 6228-73-5, In the next few decades, the world population will flourish. As the population grows rapidly and people all over the world use more and more resources, all industries must consider their environmental impact. 6228-73-5, name is Cyclopropanecarboxamide belongs to amides-buliding-blocks compound, it is a common compound, a new synthetic route is introduced below.

To a microwave tube was added7-chloro-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine(150 mg, 0.48 mmol),cyclopropanecarboxamide(81 mg, 0.95 mmol), Pd2(dba)3(22 mg, 0.024 mmol), XantPhos (28 mg, 0.048 mmol), Cs2CO3(311 mg, 0.95 mmol) and dioxane (4 mL).The mixture was degassed with N2for 10 min. The resulting mixture was irradiated in a microwave reactor at 150 C for 1.5 h and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered throughCeliteand the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with a 0-60% gradient ofEtOAcin dichloromethane to afford a solid. The solid was triturated with diethyl ether and collected by filtration to afford the title compound (110 mg, 64% yield). H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3):delta 8.96 (1H,brs), 8.21 – 8.17 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, d,J= 5.5 Hz), 7.45 – 7.41 (2H, m), 7.35-7.24 (2H, m), 1.24 – 1.15 (3H, m), 0.99 – 0.91 (2H, m); LCMS (ESI) m/z: 363.2 [M+H]+.HRMS m/z [M+H]+calcd.forC17H12Cl2N2OS 363.0125, found 363.0118.

The synthetic route of Cyclopropanecarboxamide has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Article; Liang, Jun; Van Abbema, Anne; Balazs, Mercedesz; Barrett, Kathy; Berezhkovsky, Leo; Blair, Wade S.; Chang, Christine; Delarosa, Donnie; DeVoss, Jason; Driscoll, Jim; Eigenbrot, Charles; Goodacre, Simon; Ghilardi, Nico; MacLeod, Calum; Johnson, Adam; Bir Kohli, Pawan; Lai, Yingjie; Lin, Zhonghua; Mantik, Priscilla; Menghrajani, Kapil; Nguyen, Hieu; Peng, Ivan; Sambrone, Amy; Shia, Steven; Smith, Jan; Sohn, Sue; Tsui, Vickie; Ultsch, Mark; Williams, Karen; Wu, Lawren C.; Yang, Wenqian; Zhang, Birong; Magnuson, Steven; Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters; vol. 27; 18; (2017); p. 4370 – 4376;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

9/17/2021 News Introduction of a new synthetic route about 869494-16-6

The synthetic route of 869494-16-6 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Related Products of 869494-16-6,Some common heterocyclic compound, 869494-16-6, name is tert-Butyl 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-6-carboxylate, molecular formula is C10H18N2O2, traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route.

Under inert atmosphere (N2(g)), a mechanically stirred suspension of 3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-6-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (49.3 g, 249 mmol) in DMSO (200 mL) was treated with 4-(6-fluoropyridin-3 -yl)-6-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)pyrazolo[ 1,5- a]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Intermediate P42; 58 g, 178 mmol), and DIEA (93.1 mL, 533 mmol) was stirred 42 h at 90 C. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water (2 L). The aqueous mixture was stirred for 15 mm before Heptane (1 L) was added. The biphasic mixture was stirred vigorously for 2 h. The resulting biphasic suspension was vacuum filtered and the solids were rinsed sequentially with water (3 x 200 mL) and heptane (3 x 200 mL) to afford a product mixture containing 5-20% of the title compound, tert-butyl 6-(5-(3- cyano-6-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)pyrazolo[ 1,5 -a]pyridin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3 , 6- diazabicyclo[3. 1.1 ]heptane-3 -carboxylate, along with the regioi somer, tert-butyl 3 -(5 -(3 -cyano-6- (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)pyrazolo[ 1,5 -a]pyridin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3 ,6- diazabicyclo[3. 1.1 ]heptane-6-carboxylate (Intermediate P43, step 1) (92 g, quantitative yield). The regioisomeric mixture was carried into Step 2 without separating (note: 3,6-diaza- bicyclo[3.1. 1 ]heptane-6-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester can partially isomerize to the regioisomer, 3, 6-diaza-bicyclo[3. 1.1 ]heptane-3 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, under these reaction conditions.) MS (apci) m/z = 505.3 (M+H).

The synthetic route of 869494-16-6 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Patent; ANDREWS, Steven W.; ARONOW, Sean; BLAKE, James F.; BRANDHUBER, Barbara J.; COOK, Adam; HAAS, Julia; JIANG, Yutong; KOLAKOWSKI, Gabrielle R.; MCFADDIN, Elizabeth A.; MCKENNEY, Megan L.; MCNULTY, Oren T.; METCALF, Andrew T.; MORENO, David A.; TANG, Tony P.; REN, Li; (668 pag.)WO2018/71447; (2018); A1;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

9/17/2021 News Continuously updated synthesis method about 75175-77-8

The synthetic route of 75175-77-8 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Synthetic Route of 75175-77-8, These common heterocyclic compound, 75175-77-8, name is 3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylacrylamide, its traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route.

General procedure: To a solution of the appropriate enaminone 2a-i (5 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (15 mL), ethyl acetoacetate (5.5 mmol) and ammonium acetate (40 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 5 h. After cooling and pouring into ice-water, the residue obtained was filtered and washed with petroleum ether then with water and finally crystallized from ethanol [41]. The yields of compounds 3a-i were 80%, 77%, 81%, 84%, 86%, 80%, 785, 76%, 83%, respectively.

The synthetic route of 75175-77-8 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Article; Eldehna, Wagdy M.; Fares, Mohamed; Abdel-Aziz, Marwa M; Abdel-Aziz, Hatem A; Molecules; vol. 20; 5; (2015); p. 8800 – 8815;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

9/17/2021 News Brief introduction of 87905-98-4

The basis of chemical reaction formula synthesis, the synthesis route is composed of some specific reactions and combined according to certain logical thinking. We look forward to the emergence of more reaction modes in the future.

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 87905-98-4, name is Benzyl (5-hydroxypentyl)carbamate, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., category: amides-buliding-blocks

Benzoyl chloride (0.88 mL, 7.59 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of benzyl (5-hydroxypentyl) carbamate (commercially available) (1.5 g, 6.32 mmol) in anhydrous CH2C12 (15 mL) containing Et3N (1.76 mL, 1.26 mmol) at 0 C. After 1 minute DMAP (1.7 g, 13.9 mmol) in anhydrous CH2CI2 (10 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture and stirred at rt overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 (-30 mL) and washed with aq. HC1 (1M, 1 x 10 mL), water (60 mL), sat. aq. NaHC03 (30 mL), and brine (30 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over MgS04, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was quickly filtered off on silica gel (ethyl acetate – hexane gradient elution) to afford the almost pure compound as oil. This crude material was directly used for benzylation. To the solution of benzoyl protected compound (0.9 g, 2.63 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous DMF (10 mL) was added NaH (0.12 g, 2.89 mmol) at 0 C. The mixture was stirred at 0 C for 45 min, and then BnBr (0.37 mL, 3.16 mmol) were added. After stirring for another 12 h when TLC showed that the reaction was completed, it was quenched with H20 at 0 C, and the mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (5 chi 25 mL), and the organic phases were combined and dried over Na2S04. The desired product S13 (1.093 g, 96.1%) was obtained upon flash column chromatography (ethyl acetate – hexane gradient elution) of the condensed product.

The basis of chemical reaction formula synthesis, the synthesis route is composed of some specific reactions and combined according to certain logical thinking. We look forward to the emergence of more reaction modes in the future.

Reference:
Patent; THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS; THE GOVERNORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA; MCGIVEN, John; HOWELLS, Laurence; DUNCOMBE, Lucy; BUNDLE, David; MANDAL, Satadru Sekhar; SARKAR, Susmita; (101 pag.)WO2018/83490; (2018); A2;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

9/17/2021 News A new synthetic route of 154350-29-5

In the field of chemistry, the synthetic routes of compounds are constantly being developed and updated. I will also mention this compound in other articles, Cyclopropanesulfonamide, other downstream synthetic routes, hurry up and to see.

Related Products of 154350-29-5, In the next few decades, the world population will flourish. As the population grows rapidly and people all over the world use more and more resources, all industries must consider their environmental impact. 154350-29-5, name is Cyclopropanesulfonamide belongs to amides-buliding-blocks compound, it is a common compound, a new synthetic route is introduced below.

1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole (1.82 g, 11.2 mmol) was added to a slurry of 13-cyclohexyl-3-methoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)-7H-indolo[2,1-a][2]benzazepine-10-carboxylic acid (3.85 g, 8.65 mmol) in THF (15 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 1.5 h, cooled to rt, treated with cyclopropanesulfonamide (1.36 g, 11.2 mmol), stirred 10 min and then treated with the dropwise addition of a solution of DBU (2.0 mL, 13 mmol) in THF (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight, diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with H2O (30 mL), 1N HCl (aq.) (2.x.50 mL) and brine (30 mL). The combined aqueous layers were extracted with EtOAc (100 mL) and the organic layer was washed with 1N HCl (aq.) (50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was stirred with Et2O (100 mL) for 2 h and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with Et2O and dried to yield methyl 13-cyclohexyl-10-((cyclopropylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)-3-methoxy-7H-indolo [2,1-a][2]benzazepine-6-carboxylate (4.24 g, 7.73 mmol, 89percent) as a pale yellow solid which was used without further purification. 1HNMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) delta 1.08-2.13 (m, 14H), 2.73-2.87 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.24 (m, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 4.04-4.27 (m, 1H), 5.50-5.71 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J=8.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J=8.4, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (br s, 1H), 8.78 (br s, 1H). LCMS: m/e 549 (M+H)+, ret time 3.79 min, column B, 4 minute gradient.

In the field of chemistry, the synthetic routes of compounds are constantly being developed and updated. I will also mention this compound in other articles, Cyclopropanesulfonamide, other downstream synthetic routes, hurry up and to see.

Reference:
Patent; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; US2008/226592; (2008); A1;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics