Month: October 2021

An article Visible-light-induced denitrogenative phosphorylation of benzotriazinones: a metal- and additive-free method for accessing ortho-phosphorylated benzamide derivatives WOS:000608623000013 published article about ALKYNE INSERTION; LIGANDS; ACIDS; ANNULATION; 1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZIN-4(3H)-ONES in [Tang, Guo] Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China; Xiamen Univ, Key Lab Chem Biol Fujian Prov, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China in 2021, Cited 54. The Name is Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-16-4. Name: Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one

Metal-free, visible-light-induced denitrogenative phosphorylation of 1,2,3-benzotriazinones was achieved. With the use of eosin Y as a photoredox catalyst, N,N-diisopropylethylamine as a base, CH3CN-H2O as a solvent and sunlight or a blue LED as a light source, a variety of aryl-phosphonates, aryl-phosphinates, and aryl-phosphine oxides were efficiently prepared. In addition, B(2)pin(2) instead of P-nucleophiles as a radical acceptor was also demonstrated. The key advantages of this newly developed method are the clean reaction profile, use of a low-cost organic-dye catalyst, energy efficiency, broad substrate scope, good to excellent yields and large-scale synthetic applicability. The gram-scale synthesised compounds could be isolated in pure form just upon extraction, followed by re-crystallisation; no tedious chromatographic purification was required.

Name: Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. About Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one, If you have any questions, you can contact Chen, FS; Hu, SS; Li, SP; Tang, G; Zhao, YF or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Synthesis of 3-indolylmethyl substituted (pyrazolo/benzo)triazinone derivatives under Pd/Cu-catalysis: Identification of potent inhibitors of chorismate mutase (CM) WOS:000487812000051 published article about 1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZIN-4-ONE DERIVATIVES; NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITIES; INDOLES; 1-ALKYNES; RV1885C; 2-HETEROARYL; DOCKING; PROTEIN; 2-ARYL in [Reddy, Gangireddy Sujeevan; Snehalatha, Ampalam Venkata; Edwin, Rebecca Kristina; Hossain, Kazi Amirul; Misra, Parimal; Pal, Manojit] Dr Reddys Inst Life Sci, Univ Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, India; [Reddy, Gangireddy Sujeevan; Giliyaru, Varadaraj Bhat; Hariharapura, Raghu Chandrashekhar; Shenoy, G. Gautham] Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India in 2019, Cited 38. The Name is Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-16-4. Safety of Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one

The chorismate mutase (CM) is considered as an attractive target for the identification of potential antitubercular agents due to its absence in animals but not in bacteria. A series of 3-indolylmethyl substituted pyrazolo-triazinone derivatives were designed and docked into CM in silico as potential inhibitors. These compounds were efficiently synthesized using the Pd/Cu-catalyzed coupling-cyclization in a single pot involving the construction of indole ring. The methodology was later extended to the preparation of corresponding benzo analogs of pyrazolotriazinones i.e. 3-indolylmethyl substituted benzotriazinone derivatives. Several of these novel compounds showed significant inhibition of CM when tested in vitro at 30 mu M. The SAR (Structure-Activity-Relationship) studies suggested that benzotriazinone moiety was more favorable over the pyrazolotriazinone ring. The two best active compounds showed IC50 similar to 0.4-0.9 mu M (better than the reference/known compounds used) and no toxicity till 30 mu M in vitro.

About Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one, If you have any questions, you can contact Reddy, GS; Snehalatha, AV; Edwin, RK; Hossain, KA; Giliyaru, VB; Hariharapura, RC; Shenoy, GG; Misra, P; Pal, M or concate me.. Safety of Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019.0 J MED CHEM published article about DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE; BINDING MODES; LEISHMANIA; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY; DERIVATIVES; VALIDATION; SOLUBILITY; RESISTANCE in [Linciano, Pasquale; Luciani, Rosaria; Sesenna, Antony; Quotadamo, Antonio; Costantino, Luca; Costi, Maria Paola] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Sci Vita, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy; [Pozzi, Cecilia; dello Iacono, Lucia; di Pisa, Flavio; Landi, Giacomo; Bonucci, Alessio; Mangani, Stefano] Univ Siena, Dipartimento Biotecnol Chim & Farm, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; [Gul, Sheraz; Kuzikov, Maria; Ellinger, Bernhard; Witt, Gesa] Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol Screening Po, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany; [Santarem, Nuno; Baptista, Catarina] Inst Mol & Cell Biol, P-4150180 Porto, Portugal; [Santarem, Nuno; Baptista, Catarina] Univ Porto, Inst Invest & Inovacao Saude, P-4150180 Porto, Portugal; [Franco, Caio; Moraes, Carolina B.] CNPEM, Lab Nacl Biociencias LNBio, BR-13083100 Campinas, SP, Brazil; [Mueller, Wolfgang; Wittig, Ulrike] HITS, Sci Databases & Visualizat Grp, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany; [Wittig, Ulrike] HITS, Mol & Cellular Modeling Grp, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany; [Franco, Caio; Moraes, Carolina B.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Microbiol, Inst Biomed Sci, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil in 2019.0, Cited 57.0. The Name is Diphenylmethanamine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 91-00-9. Name: Diphenylmethanamine

2-Amino-benzo[d]thiazole was identified as a new scaffold for the development of improved pteridine reductase-1 (PTR1) inhibitors and anti-trypanosomatidic agents. Molecular docking and crystallography guided the design and synthesis of 42 new benzothiazoles. The compounds were assessed for Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major PTR1 inhibition and in vitro activity against T. brucei and amastigote Leishmania infantum. We identified several 2-amino-benzo[d]thiazoles with improved enzymatic activity (TbPTR1 IC50 = 0.35 mu M; LmPTR1 IC50 = 1.9 mu M) and low mu M antiparasitic activity against T. brucei. The ten most active compounds against TbPTR1 were able to potentiate the antiparasitic activity of methotrexate when evaluated in combination against T. brucei, with a potentiating index between 1.2 and 2.7. The compound library was profiled for early ADME toxicity, and 2-amino-N-benzylbenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxamide (4c) was finally identified as a novel potent, safe, and selective anti-trypanocydal agent (EC50 = 7.0 mu M). Formulation of 4c with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin yielded good oral bioavailability, encouraging progression to in vivo studies.

Name: Diphenylmethanamine. About Diphenylmethanamine, If you have any questions, you can contact Linciano, P; Pozzi, C; dello Iacono, L; di Pisa, F; Landi, G; Bonucci, A; Gul, S; Kuzikov, M; Ellinger, B; Witt, G; Santarem, N; Baptista, C; Franco, C; Moraes, CB; Muller, W; Wittig, U; Luciani, R; Sesenna, A; Quotadamo, A; Ferrari, S; Pohner, I; Cordeiro-Da-Silva, A; Mangani, S; Costantino, L; Costi, MP or concate me.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2020 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR published article about ANTICANCER; DISCOVERY; LARGAZOLE in [Chen, Xiulei; Zhou, Zhen; Li, Zhong; Xu, Xiaoyong] East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Pharm, Shanghai Key Lab Chem Biol, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China; [Li, Zhong; Xu, Xiaoyong] Shanghai Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biomfg Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 29. The Name is Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-16-4. Computed Properties of C7H5N3O

A series of novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing 4,5-dihydrothiazole-2-thiol were synthesized and characterized by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, F-19 NMR and HRMS. The bioassay results showed that compounds 3-(3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propyl)-7-methoxybenzo[d][1-3]triazin-4(3H)-one, 3-(3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propyl)-6-nitrobenzo[d][1-3]triazin-4(3H)-one, 7-chloro-3-(3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propyl)benzo[d][1-3]triazin-4(3H)-one exhibited good control efficacy against the cucumber root-knot nematode disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita at the concentration of 10.0 mg L-1 in vivo. Compound 7-chloro-3-(3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propyl)benzo[d][1-3]triazin-4(3H)-one showed excellent nematicidal activity with inhibition 68.3% at a concentration of 1.0 mg L-1. It suggested that the structure of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one containing 4,5-dihydro-thiazole-2-thiol could be optimized further.

About Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one, If you have any questions, you can contact Chen, XL; Zhou, Z; Li, Z; Xu, XY or concate me.. Computed Properties of C7H5N3O

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2020.0 ACS SUSTAIN CHEM ENG published article about CHEMOSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; EFFICIENT HYDROGENATION; CATALYTIC-HYDROGENATION; PD NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE CATALYSTS; UNIQUE APPROACH; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION; MECHANISM in [Zhang, Guangji; Tang, Feiying; An, Ping; Wang, Liqiang; Liu, You-Nian] Cent South Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Micro & Nano Mat Interface Sci, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Guangji; Wang, Liqiang; Liu, You-Nian] Cent South Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China; [Wang, Xiaoying] Qilu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Biobased Mat & Green Papermaking, Jinan 250353, Shandong, Peoples R China in 2020.0, Cited 55.0. The Name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethanol. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 104-10-9. SDS of cas: 104-10-9

It is a persistent target to develop noble-metal-free catalysts that can achieve chemoselective hydrogenation of nitro compounds under mild reaction conditions. In this work, we report a new strategy for preparation of hydrogenation catalysts containing both CoNx and CoyZnS supported on N-doped porous carbon (CoNx-CoyZnS@NPC-Z). The CoNx-CoyZnS@NPC-Z catalysts were prepared by pyrolyzing the protein-metal-ion networks, followed by treatment with acid. We found that CoNxCoyZnS@NPC-3 catalyst delivers high catalytic activity and selectivity, affording almost full conversion and >98% selectivity in water/methanol mixture solvents at 90 degrees C under 5 bar of H-2 pressure for 3 h of reaction. Notably, the catalytic hydrogenation can work even under 1 bar of H-2 pressure and at room temperature with high conversion and selectivity. Besides, CoNx-CoyZnS@NPC-3 exhibits remarkable tolerance to CO or H2S poisoning and acid erosion.

SDS of cas: 104-10-9. About 2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethanol, If you have any questions, you can contact Zhang, GJ; Tang, FY; Wang, XY; An, P; Wang, LQ; Liu, YN or concate me.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Synthesis and nematicidal activities of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole against Meloidogyne incognita WOS:000554890700005 published article about SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; ELICITORS; NEMATICIDES; EFFICACY; TOMATO; PLANTS; SPP. in [Zhang, Ruifeng; Wang, Gaolei; Chen, Xiulei; Li, Zhong; Xu, Xiaoyong] East China Univ Sci & Technol, Shanghai Key Lab Chem Biol, Sch Pharm, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China; [Guo, Wei] China Crop Protect Ind Assoc, Beijing 100723, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 28. The Name is Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-16-4. COA of Formula: C7H5N3O

Based on the characteristic of benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole to induce the systemic acquired resistance and improve the immunity of plants, benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole was introduced into 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one, thirty-one novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole were designed and synthesized. Nematicidal activity showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited great inhibitory activity in vivo against Meloidogyne incognita at 20 mg/L. Among 31 tested compounds, A2 and A3 showed an excellent nematicidal activity with the inhibition rate of 50.4% and 53.1% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The influence of substituent type and position was investigated. The relationship between structure and activity was also preliminary analyzed.

COA of Formula: C7H5N3O. About Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one, If you have any questions, you can contact Zhang, RF; Guo, W; Wang, GL; Chen, XL; Li, Z; Xu, XY or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, XL; Zhou, Z; Li, Z; Xu, XY in [Chen, Xiulei; Zhou, Zhen; Li, Zhong; Xu, Xiaoyong] East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Pharm, Shanghai Key Lab Chem Biol, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China; [Li, Zhong; Xu, Xiaoyong] Shanghai Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biomfg Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China published Synthesis and nematicidal activities of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one containing 4,5-dihydrothiazole-2-thiol derivatives against Meloidogyne incognita in 2020, Cited 29. Name: Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. The Name is Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-16-4.

A series of novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing 4,5-dihydrothiazole-2-thiol were synthesized and characterized by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, F-19 NMR and HRMS. The bioassay results showed that compounds 3-(3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propyl)-7-methoxybenzo[d][1-3]triazin-4(3H)-one, 3-(3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propyl)-6-nitrobenzo[d][1-3]triazin-4(3H)-one, 7-chloro-3-(3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propyl)benzo[d][1-3]triazin-4(3H)-one exhibited good control efficacy against the cucumber root-knot nematode disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita at the concentration of 10.0 mg L-1 in vivo. Compound 7-chloro-3-(3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propyl)benzo[d][1-3]triazin-4(3H)-one showed excellent nematicidal activity with inhibition 68.3% at a concentration of 1.0 mg L-1. It suggested that the structure of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one containing 4,5-dihydro-thiazole-2-thiol could be optimized further.

About Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one, If you have any questions, you can contact Chen, XL; Zhou, Z; Li, Z; Xu, XY or concate me.. Name: Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article NaNO2/I-2 as an alternative reagent for the synthesis of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones from 2-aminobenzamides WOS:000456353000009 published article about CATALYZED DENITROGENATIVE ANNULATION; TERT-BUTYL NITRITE; NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITIES; SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; DERIVATIVES; 1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZINE-4-(3H)-ONES; ACID in [Barak, Dinesh S.; Mukhopadhyay, Sushobhan; Dahatonde, Dipak J.; Batra, Sanjay] CSIR Cent Drug Res Inst, Med & Proc Chem Div, Sect 10,Jankipuram Extens,Sitapur Rd, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; [Batra, Sanjay] CSIR HRDC, Postal Staff Coll Area, Sect 19, Ghaziabad 201002, India in 2019, Cited 39. The Name is Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-16-4. Formula: C7H5N3O

An efficient transformation of 2-aminobenzamides to 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones in the presence of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and Iodine (I-2) is described. The reaction is proposed to proceed via formation of nitrosyl halide that induces nitrosylation of the amino group of 2-aminobenzamide leading to diazotization followed by intramolecular cyclization. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Formula: C7H5N3O. About Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one, If you have any questions, you can contact Barak, DS; Mukhopadhyay, S; Dahatonde, DJ; Batra, S or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recently I am researching about TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; SUBSTITUENT CONSTANTS; SUSTAINABLE SYNTHESIS; AMINES; LIGAND; KETONES; IRON; EPOXIDATION; ALKYLATION; EFFICIENT, Saw an article supported by the Technical University of Denmark. Recommanded Product: 91-00-9. Published in ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY in CAMBRIDGE ,Authors: Samuelsen, S; Santilli, C; Ahlquist, MSG; Madsen, R. The CAS is 91-00-9. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Diphenylmethanamine

The first example of a manganese(III) catalyst for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols is presented. N,N’-Bis(salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminomanganese(III) chloride (2) has been shown to catalyze the direct synthesis of imines from a variety of alcohols and amines with the liberation of hydrogen gas. The mechanism has been investigated experimentally with labelled substrates and theoretically with DFT calculations. The results indicate a metal-ligand bifunctional pathway in which both imine groups in the salen ligand are first reduced to form a manganese(III) amido complex as the catalytically active species. Dehydrogenation of the alcohol then takes place by a stepwise outer-sphere hydrogen transfer generating a manganese(III) salan hydride from which hydrogen gas is released.

Recommanded Product: 91-00-9. About Diphenylmethanamine, If you have any questions, you can contact Samuelsen, S; Santilli, C; Ahlquist, MSG; Madsen, R or concate me.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Authors Chen, FS; Hu, SS; Li, SP; Tang, G; Zhao, YF in ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY published article about ALKYNE INSERTION; LIGANDS; ACIDS; ANNULATION; 1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZIN-4(3H)-ONES in [Tang, Guo] Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China; Xiamen Univ, Key Lab Chem Biol Fujian Prov, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China in 2021, Cited 54. Recommanded Product: Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. The Name is Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-16-4

Metal-free, visible-light-induced denitrogenative phosphorylation of 1,2,3-benzotriazinones was achieved. With the use of eosin Y as a photoredox catalyst, N,N-diisopropylethylamine as a base, CH3CN-H2O as a solvent and sunlight or a blue LED as a light source, a variety of aryl-phosphonates, aryl-phosphinates, and aryl-phosphine oxides were efficiently prepared. In addition, B(2)pin(2) instead of P-nucleophiles as a radical acceptor was also demonstrated. The key advantages of this newly developed method are the clean reaction profile, use of a low-cost organic-dye catalyst, energy efficiency, broad substrate scope, good to excellent yields and large-scale synthetic applicability. The gram-scale synthesised compounds could be isolated in pure form just upon extraction, followed by re-crystallisation; no tedious chromatographic purification was required.

Recommanded Product: Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. About Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one, If you have any questions, you can contact Chen, FS; Hu, SS; Li, SP; Tang, G; Zhao, YF or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics