Month: September 2022

Synthetic Route of C22H43NO《Different metabolites induced by deoxynivalenol in the serum and urine of weaned rabbits detected using LC-MS-based metabolomics》 was published in 2021. The authors were Li, Fuchang;Huang, Libo;Liu, Quancheng;Wang, Pengwei;Chen, Hongju;Wang, Chunyang, and the article was included in《Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

The main toxic effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) are the result of long-term accumulation, and there are no obvious clin. signs at the early stage. Specific metabolites in blood and urine can be used as biomarkers and become an important diagnostic indicator for DON poisoning monitoring. This study aimed to reveal the differences in DON-induced metabolites in the serum and urine of weaned rabbits. Thirty-two weaned rabbits were divided into two groups: control group and DON group. Both groups of rabbits were fed a basic diet. Rabbits in the DON group were administered 1.5 mg/kg b.w. DON by i.p. injection on an empty stomach in the morning every two days. Rabbits in the control group were injected with the same amount of saline every two days in the same way. After the 25-day trial, serum and urine samples from different exptl. periods were collected. The results based on the LC-MS/MS method showed that DON can be metabolized rapidly in blood, and urine is the main metabolic pathway for DON. Data based on metabolomics illustrated that underlying biomarkers in serum were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions, while those in urine samples were involved in caffeine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Correlation anal. suggested that DON can induce changes in certain disease-related metabolites in serum and urine. In conclusion, the pathogenic mechanism of DON includes multiple levels, indicating that DON poisoning is caused by multiple factors acting on multiple links.cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) is a primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of erucic acid with ammonia.Synthetic Route of C22H43NO It is commonly used as a slip additive in the plastic manufacturing industry.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of cis-13-DocosenamideIn 2022, Yuan, Chang;Su, Siqian;Xu, Ruiguang;Liang, Shengwen;Cheng, Hairong;Yao, Zhibing;Jiang, Luxiang;Wang, Zuwu published 《Effect of wet flue gas desulfurization on the concentrations and component profiles of condensable particulate matter from ultralow emission coal-fired power plants》. 《Atmospheric Pollution Research》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

This study investigated effect of wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) on the concentrations and component profiles of condensable particulate matter (CPM). This research was carried out in two ultralow emission coal-fired power plants (CFPPs), which were equipped with pulverized coal furnaces (PC), in Hunan province, China. The CPM concentrations were measured following the US EPA Method 202. The stack emissions of filterable particulate matter (FPM) met the Chinese ultralow emission standards, and the CPM concentrations from CFPP A and B were resp. 12.12 and 17.64 mg/Nm³. In the WFGD system, the removal efficiencies of the FPM and CPM were resp. 80% and 91% in CFPP A, 83% and 81% in CFPP B. SO^2-₄ accounted for the largest fraction of the total detected water-soluble ions in the CPM. Alkanes were the main component of the organic fraction in the CPM, which accounted for 95% in CFPP A and 92% in CFPP B. The removal efficiency of inorganic components from the CPM in CFPP A and B were 81% and 92%, resp., possibly because the water-soluble ions could be dissolved and removed in the slurry; however, due to the limited solubility of alkanes and esters, the removal efficiency of organic components from the WFGD in CFPP A and B were only 17% and 31%, resp. The emission factors (EFs) of the CPM for CFPP A and B range from 0.090 to 0.979 kg/(t of coal). And cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) was used in the research process.

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) was employed as: standard in determination of fatty acid amides in polyethylene packaging film by GC/MS;slip agent for polymers to reduce their friction coefficient and to make films easier to handle.Application In Synthesis of cis-13-Docosenamide

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stoeger, Verena;Lieder, Barbara;Riedel, Johanna;Schweiger, Kerstin;Hoi, Julia;Ruzsanyi, Veronika;Klieber, Martin;Rust, Petra;Hans, Joachim;Ley, Jakob P.;Krammer, Gerhard E.;Somoza, Veronika published 《Wheat Protein Hydrolysate Fortified With L-Arginine Enhances Satiation Induced by the Capsaicinoid Nonivamide in Moderately Overweight Male Subjects》 in 2019. The article was appeared in 《Molecular Nutrition & Food Research》. They have made some progress in their research.Application of 2444-46-4 The article mentions the following:

Increasing the intake of satiety-enhancing food compounds represents a promising strategy for maintaining a healthy body weight Recently, satiating effects for the capsaicinoid nonivamide have been demonstrated. As various proteins and amino acids have also been demonstrated to decrease energy intake, oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT)-based bolus interventions of 75 g glucose + 0.15 mg nonivamide (NV control) are tested with/without combination of a wheat protein hydrolyzate (WPH: 2 g) and/or L-arginine (ARG: 3.2 g) for their satiating effects in 27 moderately overweight male subjects. Compared to NV control intervention, ARG and WPH + ARG treatment both reduce (p < 0.01) total calorie intake from a standardized breakfast by -5.9 ± 4.15% and -6.07 ± 4.38%, resp. For the WPH + ARG intervention, increased mean plasma serotonin concentrations (AUC: 350 ± 218), quantitated by ELISA, and delayed gastric emptying, assessed by ¹³C-Na-acetate breath test (-2.10 ± 0.51%, p < 0.05), are demonstrated compared to NV control. Correlation anal. between plasma serotonin and gastric emptying reveals a significant association after WPH ± ARG intervention (r = -0.396, p = 0.045). Combination of WPH and ARG enhances the satiating effect of nonivamide, providing opportunities to optimize satiating food formulations by low amounts of the individual food constituents. To complete the study, the researchers used N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is a capsaicin analog that has been used to study the effects of capsaicin on energy metabolism and bowel disease.Application of 2444-46-4 It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bowel disease, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, Qiao;Yang, Zhe;Ni, Yueli;Bai, Honggang;Han, Qiaoqiao;Yi, Zihan;Yi, Xiaojia;Agbana, Yannick Luther;Kuang, Yingmin;Zhu, Yuechun published 《NF-κB and pSTAT3 synergistically drive G6PD overexpression and facilitate sensitivity to G6PD inhibition in ccRCC》. The research results were published in《Cancer Cell International》 in 2020.Formula: C6H7N3O The article conveys some information:

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) serves key roles in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and has been reported to be involved in certain carcinogenesis. Previous results from our laboratory demonstrated that overexpressed G6PD was a potential prognostic biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of kidney cancer. G6PD could stimulate ccRCC growth and invasion through facilitating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) activation and ROS-MAPK-MMP2 axis pathway, resp. However, the reasons for ectopic G6PD overexpression and the proliferation repressive effect of G6PD inhibition in ccRCC are still unclear. The impact of ROS accumulation on NF-κB signaling pathway and G6PD expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot in ccRCC cells following treatment with ROS stimulator or scavenger. The regulatory function of NF-κB signaling pathway in G6PD transcription was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, luciferase and ChIP assay in ccRCC cells following treatment with NF-κB signaling activator/inhibitor or lentivirus infection. ChIP and Co-IP assay was performed to demonstrate protein-DNA and protein-protein interaction of NF-κB and pSTAT3, resp. MTS assay, human tissue detection and xenograft model were conducted to characterize the association between NF-κB, pSTAT3, G6PD expression level and proliferation functions. ROS-stimulated NF-κB and pSTAT3 signaling over-activation could activate each other, and exhibit cross-talks in G6PD aberrant transcriptional regulation. The underlying mechanism was that NF-κB signaling pathway facilitated G6PD transcription via direct DNA-protein interaction with p65 instead of p50. p65 and pSTAT3 formed a p65/pSTAT3 complex, occupied the pSTAT3-binding site on G6PD promoter, and contributed to ccRCC proliferation following facilitated G6PD overexpression. G6PD, pSTAT3, and p65 were highly expressed and pos. correlated with each other in ccRCC tissues, confirming that NF-κB and pSTAT3 synergistically promote G6PD overexpression. Moreover, G6PD inhibitor exhibited tumor-suppressor activities in ccRCC and attenuated the growth of ccRCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. ROS-stimulated aberrations of NF-κB and pSTAT3 signaling pathway synergistically drive G6PD transcription through forming a p65/pSTAT3 complex. Moreover, G6PD activity inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for ccRCC treatment. To complete the study, the researchers used 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Formula: C6H7N3O is a monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme,6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of N-Vanillylnonanamide《Molecular basis and potential applications of capsaicinoids and capsinoids against the elongation of etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles in foods》 was published in 2019. The authors were Chen, Kexian;Ying, Qian;Ge, Zhen;Chen, Hong;Qian, Chaowei;Li, Yunyou;Chen, Zhongxiu, and the article was included in《Food Chemistry》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Capsaicinoids and capsinoids from dietary peppers have promising sensory properties and bioactivity, but the mol. basis of their penetration mechanism through cell lipid bilayers and its relationship to their bioavailability as food constituents are still poorly understood. Herein, statistically significant linear and quadratic quant. structure-activity relationships were constructed to derive the essential structural elements required for their bioactivity against the elongation of etiolated wheat coleoptiles that mainly occurs via penetration. The resultant optimal models had high predictivity and reliability (r² > 0.825 and r²_pred > 0.950), which elucidate the importance of steric structural elements. Besides, their mechanistic hypothesis and rational design strategy were proposed, and the correlation between this bioactivity and their food-sensory properties was supposed. Finally, the bioactivity of newly designed analogs with Me terminals and/or conjugated C=C links was screened. Hopefully, this work would benefit the better understanding of their penetration mechanism and facile identification of bioactive analogs for designing food/drug formulations. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is a capsaicin analog that has been used to study the effects of capsaicin on energy metabolism and bowel disease.Safety of N-Vanillylnonanamide It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bowel disease, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yuan, Lu;Li, Guifeng;Yan, Ni;Wu, Jianhu;Due, Junjie published 《Optimization of fermentation conditions for fermented green jujube wine and its quality analysis during winemaking》. The research results were published in《Journal of Food Science and Technology (New Delhi, India)》 in 2022.Name: cis-13-Docosenamide The article conveys some information:

The objective was to study the optimization of fermentation conditions for fermented green jujube wine and quality anal. This study investigated the fermentation process conditions, the changes in physicochem. indexes, antioxidant capacity and volatile compounds measured from green jujube wine during winemaking. The optimized conditions (the initial sugar, yeast addition, fermentation time and SO₂ treatments) for green jujube wine were 24%, 0.3%, 8 d, 80 mg/L, resp. The results showed that the variation trend of different substances in green jujube wine in different fermentation periods were different. In the process of alc. fermentation, the green jujube wine had a high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, 2,2′-amino-di (2-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulfonic acid-6) ammonium salt (ABTS) free radical scavenging ability and reducing power. Furthermore, a total of 50 volatile compounds were identified in green jujube wine, in which the relative content of aldehydes, ketones, heterocyclic and aromatic compounds were significantly reduced after fermentation To complete the study, the researchers used cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) .

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) was employed as: standard in determination of fatty acid amides in polyethylene packaging film by GC/MS;slip agent for polymers to reduce their friction coefficient and to make films easier to handle.Name: cis-13-Docosenamide

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electric Literature of C6H7N3O《Identification and characterization of teratogenic chemicals using embryonic stem cells isolated from a wnt/β-catenin-reporter transgenic mouse line》 was published in 2016. The authors were Kugler, Josephine;Kemler, Rolf;Luch, Andreas;Oelgeschlaeger, Michael, and the article was included in《Toxicological Sciences》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are commonly used for the anal. of gene function in embryonic development and provide valuable models for human diseases. In recent years, ESCs have also become an attractive tool for toxicol. testing, in particular for the identification of teratogenic compounds The authors have recently described a Bmp-reporter ESC line as a new tool to identify teratogenic compounds and to characterize the mol. mechanisms mediating embryonic toxicity. Here the authors describe the use of a Wnt/β-Catenin-reporter ESC line isolated from a previously described mouse line that carries the LacZ reporter gene under the control of a β-Catenin responsive promoter. The reporter ESC line stably differentiates into cardiomyocytes within 12 days. The reporter was endogenously induced between day 3-5 of differentiation reminiscent of its expression in vivo, in which strong LacZ activity is detected around gastrulation. Subsequently its expression becomes restricted to mesodermal cells and cells undergoing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The Wnt/β-Catenin-dependent expression of the reporter protein allowed quantification of dose- and time-dependent effects of teratogenic chems. In particular, valproic acid reduced reporter activity on day 7, whereas retinoic acid induced reporter activity on day 5 at concentrations comparable to the ones inhibiting the formation of functional cardiomyocytes, the classical read-out of the embryonic stem cell test (EST). In addition, the authors were also able to show distinct effects of teratogenic chems. on the Wnt/β-Catenin-reporter compared with the previously described Bmp-reporter ESCs. Thus, different reporter cell lines provide complementary tools for the identification and anal. of potentially teratogenic compounds The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Electric Literature of C6H7N3O is an aminopyridine, which is a specific pentose inhibitor and thus inhibits the NADP production.It can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of 6-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with potential application as chemotherapeutic drugs.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Matsuzaki, Yuichi;Uda, Yukie;Kurahashi, Makoto;Iwahashi, Fukumatsu published 《Microtiter plate test using liquid medium is an alternative method for monitoring metyltetraprole sensitivity in Cercospora beticola》. The research results were published in《Pest Management Science》 in 2021.Quality Control of N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide The article conveys some information:

Metyltetraprole is a new quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide showing potent activity against QoI-resistant fungi that possess the G143A cytochrome b mutation, which confers resistance to existing QoIs such as trifloxystrobin. For its sustainable use, monitoring of metyltetraprole sensitivity is necessary and the establishment of appropriate methodol. is important in each pathogen species. In Cercospora beticola, the causal agent of sugar beet leaf spot, some isolates were less sensitive to metyltetraprole (EC50 > 1 mg L^-1, higher than the saturated concentration) using the common agar plate method, even with 100 mg L^-1 salicylhydroxamic acid, an alternative oxidase inhibitor. However, microtiter tests (EC50 < 0.01 mg L^-1), conidial germination tests (EC50 < 0.01 mg L^-1) and in planta tests (>80% control at 75 mg L^-1 run-off spraying) confirmed that all tested isolates were highly sensitive to metyltetraprole. For trifloxystrobin, G143A mutants were clearly resistant upon microtiter plate tests (median EC50 > 2 mg L^-1) and distinct from wild-type isolates (median EC50 < 0.01 mg L^-1). Notably, mycelium fragments were usable for the microtiter plate tests and the test was applicable for isolates that do not form sufficient conidia. Our monitoring study by microtiter plate tests did not indicate the presence of metyltetraprole-resistant C. beticola isolates in populations in Hokkaido, Japan. The microtiter tests were revealed to be useful for monitoring the sensitivity of C. beticola to metyltetraprole and trifloxystrobin. To complete the study, the researchers used N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) can be used:To prepare phenylboronic acid-based bioconjugates for chromatographic applications;As a ligand to synthesize Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes.Quality Control of N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Related Products of 2444-46-4In 2022, Zhang, Hongliang;Wang, Weijin;Wang, Bingding;Tan, Hui;Jiao, Ning;Song, Song published 《Electrophilic amidomethylation of arenes with DMSO/MeCN reagents》. 《Organic Chemistry Frontiers》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

An efficient electrophilic amidomethylation of aromatics was described to construct N-benzylic amides, which are core structures in drugs and natural products. The simple combination of DMSO (DMSO, as the CH₂ unit) and acetonitrile (MeCN, as the nitrogen unit) as a highly active amidomethylation reagent enables the efficient C-C, C-N and C=O bond construction. Notably, this method provides a practical protocol for the efficient preparation of deuterated benzylamine derivatives with easily available d₆-DMSO or d₃-MeCN, and is also applied in the concise synthesis of Nonivamide and Pimavanserin. To complete the study, the researchers used N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is a capsaicin analog that has been used to study the effects of capsaicin on energy metabolism and bowel disease.Related Products of 2444-46-4 It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bowel disease, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application of 329-89-5《Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition attenuates acute lung injury through reduction in NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species》 was published in 2018. The authors were Nadeem, A.;Al-Harbi, N. O.;Ahmad, S. F.;Ibrahim, K. E.;Siddiqui, N.;Al-Harbi, M. M., and the article was included in《Clinical & Experimental Immunology》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Summary : Acute lung injury (ALI) is a heterogeneous disease with the hallmarks of alveolar capillary membrane injury, increased pulmonary edema and pulmonary inflammation. The most common direct etiol. factor for ALI is usually parenchymal lung infection or hemorrhage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADP (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiol. of ALI. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) plays an important role both in production of ROS as well as their removal through the supply of NADPH. However, how G6PD modulation affects NOX2-mediated ROS in the airway epithelial cells (AECs) during acute lung injury has not been explored previously. Therefore, we investigated the effect of G6PD inhibitor, 6-aminonicotinamide on G6PD activity, NOX2 expression, ROS production and enzymic anti-oxidants in AECs in a mouse model of ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ALI led to increased G6PD activity in the AECs with concomitant elevation of NOX2, ROS, SOD1 and nitrotyrosine. G6PD inhibitor led to reduction of LPS-induced airway inflammation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration as well as NOX2-derived ROS and subsequent oxidative stress. Conversely, ALI led to decreased glutathione reductase activity in AECs, which was normalized by G6PD inhibitor. These data show that activation of G6PD is associated with enhancement of oxidative inflammation in during ALI. Therefore, inhibition of G6PD might be a beneficial strategy during ALI to limit oxidative damage and ameliorate airway inflammation. And 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) was used in the research process.

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Application of 329-89-5 is a well-established inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Ki = 0.46 μM). 6-Aminonicotinamide also reduces cardiovascular oxidative injury following ischemia/reperfusion.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics