Month: September 2022

Name: N,2-DihydroxybenzamideIn 2021, Dey, Tanmay;Das, Satyajit;Majumdar, Arkajo;Kar, Rup Kumar published 《Apoplastic reactive oxygen species mediated escape growth of root during illumination in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek seedlings》. 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Besides gravity, roots are also guided by light to grow deep into the soil and sensitivity of roots to light is evidently due to presence of photoreceptors like phototropins. Such light-induced root growth (light-escape growth) presumably involves reactive oxygen species (ROS). Present study explores the possibility of ROS action in this event during early seedling growth of Vigna radiata based on pharmacol. evidences. Germinated (20 h) seeds were incubated in dark or light in presence of general ROS scavenger (Pr gallate), specific scavengers of O^·₂^– (copper chloride; CuCl₂), H₂O₂ [dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and potassium iodide (KI)] and ^·OH (sodium benzoate) and ROS-producing enzyme inhibitors [zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX); diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC), inhibitor of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), inhibitor of peroxidase]. Light-induced root growth of 3-day seedlings diminished signifcantly in case of all the treatments suggesting for a pos. role of ROS in light-escape growth. This is supported by elevated level of apoplastic ROS in light grown roots as evident from ROS-specific staining [nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) for O^·₂^– and 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for H₂O₂] and spectrophotometric estimation of apoplastic ROS production (O^·₂^– and H₂O₂). In addition, higher activity of membrane bound NOX (producing O^·₂^– ) and apoplastic class III peroxidase (Prx, producing ^·OH) in light grown roots further corroborates the view that apoplastic ROS (initiated with NOX-generated O^·₂^– , which is converted, either spontaneously or by the activity of SOD, to H₂O₂ and further metabolized by Prx to ^·OH that participates in cell wall relaxation required for growth) is instrumental in light-escape growth of roots.N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) is a hydroxamic acid that inhibits the activity of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) reductase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of PHBA to benzoic acid. Name: N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide The compound has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial functions, leading to cell death.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthetic Route of C22H43NOIn 2021, Power, Andrew;White, Philip;McHugh, Brendan;McGovern, Evin;Murphy, Sinead;Berrow, Simon;Schlingermann, Moira;Gately, Cillian;Tannian, Marissa;Newton, Stephen;Crowley, Denis;O′Hea, Linda;Boyle, Brian;O′Connor, Ian published 《Legacy and emerging contaminants in common guillemot Uria aalge eggs in Ireland and Wales》. 《Chemosphere》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Guillemot eggs from multiple Irish colonies and one Welsh colony were analyzed for legacy pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated di-Ph ethers (PBDEs) and other organochlorine compounds (OCs), as well as metals. Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) were measured in eggs to understand the influence of diet on contaminant levels detected. Wide-scope target and suspect screening techniques were used on a single guillemot egg, providing novel information on contaminants of emerging concern. Stable isotope ratio anal. showed that guillemots from Great Saltee Island and Lambay Island (Ireland′s east coast) had a similar carbon source (δ¹³C) and fed at similar trophic levels (δ¹⁵N), pollutant levels were higher in eggs from Lambay Island near Dublin, Ireland′s industrialised capital city. Guillemot eggs from Aughris Head (Atlantic west coast of Ireland), and Skomer Island (Wales) had differing isotopic niches to other colonies. Egg samples from Aughris Head had the lowest levels of pollutants in this study (with the exception of mercury) and amongst the lowest levels reported worldwide. In contrast, Skomer Island had the highest level of pollutants with higher concentrations of Σ16PCB, Σ6PBDE and HCB than Irish colonies, most likely a result of its proximity to historically industrial areas. Levels of PCBs, p,p′ -DDE and mercury in guillemot eggs have decreased over time according to this study, in concurrence with worldwide trends. Levels of pollutants in guillemot eggs, in this study, fall below existing thresholds for adverse effects in other species, with the exception of mercury. And cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) was used in the research process.

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) is a primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of erucic acid with ammonia.Synthetic Route of C22H43NO It has a role as a human metabolite, a rat metabolite, a mammalian metabolite, a plant metabolite and an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor.

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Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Schmidberger, Markus;Daniels, Rolf;Lunter, Dominique Jasmin published 《Method to determine the impact of substantivity on ex vivo skin-permeation》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics》. They have made some progress in their research.Recommanded Product: 2444-46-4 The article mentions the following:

Topical formulations are the most common therapeutic agents in the treatment of skin diseases. They contain one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) which need to penetrate or permeate the skin in order to exert their effect. However, after application a part of the formulation is removed from the skin due to contact with the environment. Therefore, a part of the active is then not available for penetration and thus, a loss in therapeutic effect will result. To achieve the desired therapeutic outcome a sufficient fraction of the formulation must remain on the skin. The extent to which the loss of preparation affects penetration and permeation is less investigated. This work presents a method to examine the influence of mech. stress and formulation loss on skin permeation. A movable punch with a defined weight simulated contact between clothing or skin and the applied formulation. Weight of the tool, number of contacts and speed settings were variable and were investigated. Ex vivo permeation experiments were performed in Franz diffusion cells using porcine skin. Three preparations with nonivamide as active ingredient were chosen as model formulations: A semisolid cream, an oil-in-oil emulsion and a film-forming formulation. The last two show sustained permeation profiles. The method uses skin-to-formulation and clothing-to-formulation contact to simulate the removal of the formulations from the skin.N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is a capsaicin analog that has been used to study the effects of capsaicin on energy metabolism and bowel disease.Recommanded Product: 2444-46-4 It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bowel disease, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Wenjie;Zhang, Xing;Knochenmuss, Richard;Siems, William F.;Hill, Herbert H. Jr. published 《Multidimensional Separation of Natural Products Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Hadamard Transform Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry》. The research results were published in《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》 in 2016.Synthetic Route of C17H27NO3 The article conveys some information:

A high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC)was interfaced to an atm. drift tube ion mobility time of flight mass spectrometry. The power of multidimensional separation was demonstrated using chili pepper extracts The ambient pressure drift tube ion mobility provided high resolving powers up to 166 for the HPLC eluent. With implementation of Hadamard transform (HT), the duty cycle for the ion mobility drift tube was increased from <1% to 50%, and the ion transmission efficiency was improved by over 200 times compared with pulsed mode, improving signal to noise ratio 10 times. HT ion mobility and TOF mass spectrometry provide an addnl. dimension of separation for complex samples without increasing the anal. time compared with conventional HPLC. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.Synthetic Route of C17H27NO3 Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nakajima, Yutaka;Aoyama, Naohiro;Takahashi, Fumie;Sasaki, Hiroshi;Hatanaka, Keiko;Moritomo, Ayako;Inami, Masamichi;Ito, Misato;Nakamura, Koji;Nakamori, Fumihiro;Inoue, Takayuki;Shirakami, Shohei published 《Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 4,6-diaminonicotinamide derivatives as novel and potent immunomodulators targeting JAK3》. The research results were published in《Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry》 in 2016.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The article conveys some information:

In organ transplantation, T cell-mediated immune responses play a key role in the rejection of allografts. Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells and associated with regulation of T cell development via interleukin-2 signaling pathway. Here, we designed novel 4,6-diaminonicotinamide derivatives as immunomodulators targeting JAK3 for prevention of transplant rejection. Our optimization of C4- and C6-substituents and docking calculations to JAK3 protein confirmed that the 4,6-diaminonicotinamide scaffold resulted in potent inhibition of JAK3. We also investigated avoidance of human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibitory activity. Selected compound 28 in combination with tacrolimus prevented allograft rejection in a rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation model. To complete the study, the researchers used 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Category: amides-buliding-blocks is a well-established inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Ki = 0.46 μM). 6-Aminonicotinamide also reduces cardiovascular oxidative injury following ischemia/reperfusion.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Name: N-VanillylnonanamideIn 2016, Heck, Rouven;Hermann, Sabrina;Lunter, Dominique J.;Daniels, Rolf published 《Film-forming formulations containing porous silica for the sustained delivery of actives to the skin》. 《European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

The purpose of this study was to develop film-forming formulations facilitating long-term treatment of chronic pruritus with capsaicinoids. To this end, an oily solution of nonivamide was loaded into porous silica particles which were then suspended in the dispersion of a sustained release polymer. Such formulations form a film when applied to the skin and encapsulate the drug loaded silica particles in a dry polymeric matrix. Dermal delivery and permeation of the antipruritic drug nonivamide (NVA) are controlled by the matrix. The film-forming formulations were examined regarding homogeneity, storage stability, substantivity and ex vivo skin permeation. Confocal Raman spectral imaging proved the stability of silica-based film-forming formulations over a period of 6 mo. Substantivity was found to be enhanced substantially compared to a conventional semisolid formulation. Permeation rates of nonivamide from film-forming formulations through the skin are much lower compared to those achieved with a conventional immediate release formulation with the same drug amount Due to the drug reservoir in the polymer matrix, a sustained permeation is enabled. Film-forming formulations may therefore improve the treatment of chronic pruritus with capsaicinoids by enhancing patient compliance through a sustained release regime. To complete the study, the researchers used N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.Name: N-Vanillylnonanamide Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Heck, Rouven;Lukic, Milica Z.;Savic, Snezana D.;Daniels, Rolf;Lunter, Dominique J. published 《Ex vivo skin permeation and penetration of nonivamide from and in vivo skin tolerability of film-forming formulations containing porous silica》 in 2017. The article was appeared in 《European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences》. They have made some progress in their research.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The article mentions the following:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate skin permeation and penetration of nonivamide which has been formulated in novel film-forming formulations (FFFs). These formulations aim to prolong the availability of capsaicinoids which are used in long-term treatment of chronic pruritus. An oily solution of nonivamide was loaded into porous silica particles which then were suspended in an aqueous dispersion of a sustained release polymer. Permeation and penetration experiments were performed ex vivo with postauricular porcine skin using modified Franz diffusion cells. The penetrated drug amount was assessed ex vivo by skin surface biopsy followed by cryo-sectioning. Furthermore, in vivo skin irritation experiments were performed to compare the potential skin irritation caused by the FFFs to conventionally used semi-solid formulations. Permeation rates of nonivamide from FFF through the skin are comparable to that from clin. used immediate release formulations. This elucidates the therapeutic safety profile of the novel FFF. Penetration studies confirmed the prolonged drug availability at the site of action. FFFs were found not to irritate the skin of healthy volunteers. FFFs with sustained nonivamide penetration represent safe and easy-to-use formulations. They therefore may improve the treatment of chronic pruritus with capsaicinoids by enhancing patient compliance through a sustained release regime. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is a capsaicin analog that has been used to study the effects of capsaicin on energy metabolism and bowel disease.Category: amides-buliding-blocks It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bowel disease, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Barreto, Pedro;Dambire, Charlene;Sharma, Gunjan;Vicente, Jorge;Osborne, Rory;Yassitepe, Juliana;Gibbs, Daniel J.;Maia, Ivan G.;Holdsworth, Michael J.;Arruda, Paulo published 《Mitochondrial retrograde signaling through UCP1-mediated inhibition of the plant oxygen-sensing pathway》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Current Biology》. They have made some progress in their research.Formula: C7H7NO3 The article mentions the following:

Mitochondrial retrograde signaling is an important component of intracellular stress signaling in eukaryotes. UNCOUPLING PROTEIN (UCP)1 is an abundant plant inner-mitochondrial membrane protein with multiple functions including uncoupled respiration and amino-acid transport1,2 that influences broad abiotic stress responses. Although the mechanism(s) through which this retrograde function acts is unknown, overexpression of UCP1 activates expression of hypoxia (low oxygen)-associated nuclear genes.3,4 Here we show in Arabidopsis thaliana that UCP1 influences nuclear gene expression and physiol. response by inhibiting the cytoplasmic PLANT CYSTEINE OXIDASE (PCO) branch of the PROTEOLYSIS (PRT)6 N-degron pathway, a major mechanism of oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) sensing.5 Overexpression of UCP1 (UCP1ox) resulted in the stabilization of an artificial PCO N-degron pathway substrate, and stability of this reporter protein was influenced by pharmacol. interventions that control UCP1 activity. Hypoxia and salt-tolerant phenotypes observed in UCP1ox lines resembled those observed for the PRT6 N-recognin E3 ligase mutant prt6-1. Genetic anal. showed that UCP1 regulation of hypoxia responses required the activity of PCO N-degron pathway ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF)VII substrates. Transcript expression anal. indicated that UCP1 regulation of hypoxia-related gene expression is a normal component of seedling development. Our results show that mitochondrial retrograde signaling represses the PCO N-degron pathway, enhancing substrate function, thus facilitating downstream stress responses. This work reveals a novel mechanism through which mitochondrial retrograde signaling influences nuclear response to hypoxia by inhibition of an ancient cytoplasmic pathway of eukaryotic oxygen sensing. And N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) was used in the research process.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) has also been shown to be active against wild-type strains of Candida glabrata, but not against resistant mutants. Formula: C7H7NO3 This drug may have therapeutic potential for bone cancer and metabolic disorders such as obesity.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cheng, Xingkai;Man, Xuejing;Wang, Zitong;Liang, Li;Zhang, Fan;Wang, Zhiwen;Liu, Pengfei;Lei, Bin;Hao, Jianjun;Liu, Xili published 《Fungicide SYP-14288 inducing multidrug resistance in Rhizoctonia solani》 in 2020. The article was appeared in 《Plant Disease》. They have made some progress in their research.Application In Synthesis of N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide The article mentions the following:

Rhizoctonia solani is a widely distributed soilborne plant pathogen, and can cause significant economic losses to crop production In chem. controls, SYP-14288 is highly effective against plant pathogens, including R. solani. To examine the sensitivity to SYP-14288, 112 R. solani isolates were collected from infected rice plants. An established baseline sensitivity showed that values of effective concentration for 50% growth inhibition (EC50) ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0138μg/mL, with an average of 0.0055 ± 0.0030μg/mL. The frequency distribution of the EC50 was unimodal and the range of variation factor (the ratio of maximal over minimal EC50) was 46.03, indicating that all wild-type strains were sensitive to SYP-14288. To examine the risk of fungicide resistance, 20 SYP-14288-resistant mutants were generated on agar plates amended with SYP-14288. Eighteen mutants remained resistant after 10 transfers, and their fitness was significantly different from the parental strain. All of the mutants grew more slowly but showed high virulence to rice plants, though lower than the parental strain. A crossresistance assay demonstrated that there was a pos. correlation between SYP-14288 and fungicides having or not having the same mode of action with SYP-14288, including fluazinam, fentin chloride, fludioxonil, difenoconazole, cyazofamid, chlorothalonil, and 2,4-dinitrophen. This result showed a multidrug resistance induced by SYP-14288, which could be a concern in increasing the spectrum of resistance in R. solani to commonly used fungicides. And N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) was used in the research process.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) can be used:To prepare phenylboronic acid-based bioconjugates for chromatographic applications;As a ligand to synthesize Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes.Application In Synthesis of N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Morosanova, Maria A.;Kovalev, Vitaliy A.;Morosanova, Elena I. published 《Silica Xerogel Doped with Iron(III) as Sensor Material for Salicylhydroxamic Acid Determination in Urine》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Gels》. They have made some progress in their research.SDS of cas: 89-73-6 The article mentions the following:

Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) is used as antimicrobic medicine and its concentration has to be monitored in urine. For the first time, silica xerogels doped with iron(III) have been proposed as sensor materials for SHA determination in biol. samples. Three xerogels with iron(III) content in the range of 0.04-1.74% wt have been synthesized. BET surface area of these xerogels has varied in the range of 696-529 m2/g and total pore volume has varied in the range of 0.92-0.23 cm3/g. Complex formation between immobilized iron(III) and salicylhydroxamic acid has been investigated with solid phase spectrophotometry and IR spectroscopy. Orange-brown iron(III)-SHA complex with 1:1 stoichiometry is formed at pH 1-4 with half-reaction time of 17 min. Silica xerogel doped with 0.33% wt iron(III)) has been used as sensor material for SHA solid phase spectrophotometric determination (LOD 1.4 mg/L (n = 3), anal. range 4-230 mg/L). Proposed sensor material has been applied for SHA determination in biol. samples of synthetic and human urine. The proposed procedusalicylhydroxamic acid re is characterized by a good level of accuracy (recovery values 97-120%) and precision (RSD values 4-9%) and can be recommended for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies of hydroxamic acid-based medications.N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) has also been shown to be active against wild-type strains of Candida glabrata, but not against resistant mutants. SDS of cas: 89-73-6 This drug may have therapeutic potential for bone cancer and metabolic disorders such as obesity.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics