Month: October 2022

《Cyanine dye mediated mitochondrial targeting enhances the anti-cancer activity of small-molecule cargoes》 was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020. These research results belong to Nodling, Alexander R.; Mills, Emily M.; Li, Xuefei; Cardella, Davide; Sayers, Edward J.; Wu, Shih-Hsiung; Jones, Arwyn T.; Luk, Louis Y. P.; Tsai, Yu-Hsuan. Synthetic Route of C11H22N2O4 The article mentions the following:

Organelle-specific delivery systems are of significant clin. interest. The authors demonstrate the use of common cyanine dyes Cy3 and Cy5 as vectors for targeting and delivering cargoes to mitochondria in cancer cells. Specifically, conjugation to the dyes can increase cytotoxicity by up to 1000-fold. In addition to this study using H-Lys(Boc)-OH, there are many other studies that have used H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3Synthetic Route of C11H22N2O4) was used in this study.

H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3) belongs to amino acids. Amino acids are not generally considered to be electrochemically active because products of the oxidation accumulate on the electrode surface and prevent it from participating in any further electrochemical processes.Synthetic Route of C11H22N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reference of (S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamideOn September 30, 1985 ,《Synthesis of aldehydic peptides inhibiting renin》 was published in International Journal of Peptide & Protein Research. The article was written by Fehrentz, Jean Alain; Heitz, Annie; Castro, Bertrand. The article contains the following contents:

Peptide aldehydes R-X-X1-NHCH(CH2CHMe2)CHO (I; R = Me3CO2C (Boc), X-X1 = Phe-Phe, Val-Val, Phe-Leu; R = PhCH2O2C, X-X1 = Trp-Val, Tyr-Val, Phe-Leu) were prepared in 92-98% yields by reducing the corresponding hydroxamates R-X-X1-Leu-N(OMe)Me by LiAlH4. Peptide ketone Boc-Phe-Phe-NHCH(CH2CHMe2)COMe was prepared by treating Boc-Phe-Phe-Leu-N(OMe)Me with MeMgBr. I inhibited renin activity. The experimental process involved the reaction of (S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamide(cas: 87694-50-6Reference of (S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamide)

(S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamide(cas: 87694-50-6) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors.Reference of (S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamide In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Bioorthogonal labelling of living bacteria using unnatural amino acids containing nitrones and a nitrone derivative of vancomycin》 was written by MacKenzie, Douglas A.; Sherratt, Allison R.; Chigrinova, Mariya; Kell, Arnold J.; Pezacki, John Paul. Quality Control of tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidateThis research focused onunnatural amino acid vancomycin derivative bacterial labeling. The article conveys some information:

Unnatural D-amino acids bearing endocyclic nitrones were developed for live-cell labeling of the bacterial peptidoglycan layer. Metabolic incorporation of D-Lys and D-Ala derivatives bearing different endocyclic nitrones was observed in E. coli, L. innocua, and L. lactis. The incorporated nitrones of these bacteria then rapidly underwent strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC) reactions affording chem. modified bacteria. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate(cas: 71432-55-8Quality Control of tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate)

tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate(cas: 71432-55-8) belongs to anime. Left-handed and right-handed forms (mirror-image configurations, known as optical isomers or enantiomers) are possible when all the substituents on the central nitrogen atom are different (i.e., the nitrogen is chiral). With amines, there is extremely rapid inversion in which the two configurations are interconverted.Quality Control of tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019,Journal of Food Science and Technology (New Delhi, India) included an article by Sukhvir, Sukhvir; Kocher, G. S.. HPLC of Formula: 78191-00-1. The article was titled 《Development of apple wine from Golden Delicious cultivar using a local yeast isolate》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The present study was conducted to optimize fermentation parameters for apple wine production using Golden Delicious apples. Physicochem. anal. of the cultivar revealed a °Brix-acid ratio of 24.61 with ample amount of total and reducing sugars (9.6 and 6.03% w/v); making it a suitable substrate to produce ethanol. Microbiol. anal. lead to isolation of a yeast strain (namely A2) which was molecularly identified and accessed at GenBank as S. cerevisiae KY069279. Ethanol fermentation optimization using response surface methodol. revealed that a temperature of 20 °C, an inoculum size of 7.08 (%volume/volume) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate supplementation @ 154.4 mg/100 mL as optimum for apple wine production which lead to 10.73% (volume/volume) ethanol production with a desirability of 86.9%. Fresh wine having malic acid content of 1.87 (mg/100 mL) was subjected to malolactic fermentation (MLF) for 8 days using Leuconostoc oenos NCIM 2219 resulting in apple wine having 0.4 (mg/100 mL) malic acid. Sensory anal. of MLF and non-MLF apple wines categorised them as superior quality with average scores of 69.5 and 74.5, resp. Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometric anal. of apple wine revealed the presence of 38 volatile compounds including higher alcs., acids, esters etc. The study thus revealed a process for apple wine preparation using an indigenous yeast and also optimized and compared malolactic and non-malolactic fermented ciders. In addition to this study using N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide, there are many other studies that have used N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1HPLC of Formula: 78191-00-1) was used in this study.

N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1) belongs to anime. Primary amines having a tertiary alkyl group (R3CNH2) are difficult to prepare with most methods but are made industrially by the Ritter reaction. In this method a tertiary alcohol reacts with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a concentrated strong acid; a formamide, RNH―CHO, is formed first, which then undergoes hydrolysis.HPLC of Formula: 78191-00-1

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Nicotinamide and structurally related compounds show halting activity against zoospores of the phytopathogenic fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides》 was written by Shimai, Takashi; Islam, Tofazzal Md.; Fukushi, Yukiharu; Hashidoko, Yasuyuki; Yokosawa, Ryozo; Tahara, Satoshi. HPLC of Formula: 89281-13-0 And the article was included in Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, C: Journal of Biosciences on April 30 ,2002. The article conveys some information:

In a survey of plant secondary metabolites regulating the behavior of phytopathogenic Aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores, we found that leaf extracts of Amaranthus gangeticus and cotyledon extracts of pea (Pisum sativum) remarkably halted the motility of zoospores. Bioassay-directed fractionation of A. gangeticus and pea constituents revealed that the halting activity was dependent on a single chem. factor (halting factor). The active principle was identified as nicotinamide (1) by comparing its biol. activity and spectroscopic properties with those of the authentic compound Nicotinamide (1) showed potent halting activity toward the zoospores of A. cochlioides and A. euteiches, but it exhibited very less activity against other Oomycetes, Pythium aphanidermatum and Phytophthora infestans zoospores. Interestingly, the zoospores halted by nicotinamide (1) encysted within 10-15 min and then the resulting cystospores regenerated zoospores instead of germination. Nicotinamide (1) and related compounds were subjected to the halting activity bioassay to elucidate the structure-activity relationships. These bioassays revealed that part structures of (A) the aromatic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom, (B) carbonyl-like group adjacent to the aromatic ring and (C) hydrogen atoms on the amide group are responsible for the strong activity. So far, this is the first report of halting activity of nicotinamide (1) against fungal zoospores. In the experiment, the researchers used 2,6-Dichloroisonicotinamide(cas: 89281-13-0HPLC of Formula: 89281-13-0)

2,6-Dichloroisonicotinamide(cas: 89281-13-0) belongs to anime. Reduction of nitro compounds, RNO2, by hydrogen or other reducing agents produces primary amines cleanly (i.e., without a mixture of products), but the method is mostly used for aromatic amines because of the limited availability of aliphatic nitro compounds. Reduction of nitriles and oximes (R2C=NOH) also yields primary amines.HPLC of Formula: 89281-13-0

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-N-(3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl)acetamideOn September 30, 2014 ,《Crystal structure of N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]-2-[(E)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]acetamide》 was published in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online. The article was written by Kaur, Manpreet; Jasinski, Jerry P.; Kavitha, Channappa N.; Yathirajan, Hemmige S.; Byrappa, K.. The article contains the following contents:

In the title compound, C22H19ClN2O3S, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the thiophene ring and the chlorophenyl and hydroxyphenyl rings are 70.1(1) and 40.2(4)°, resp. The benzene rings are twisted with respect to each other by 88.9(3)°. The imine bond lies in an E conformation. Intramol. O-H···N and N-H···O H bonds each generate S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, weak C-H···O interactions link the mols., forming chains along the c axis and zigzag chains along the b axis, generating sheets lying parallel to (100). Crystallog. data and at. coordinates are given. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2-Amino-N-(3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl)acetamide(cas: 50509-09-6Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-N-(3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl)acetamide)

2-Amino-N-(3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl)acetamide(cas: 50509-09-6) belongs to anime. Large quantities of aliphatic amines are made synthetically. The most widely used industrial method is the reaction of alcohols with ammonia at a high temperature, catalyzed by metals or metal oxide catalysts (e.g., nickel or copper). Mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are thereby produced.Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-N-(3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl)acetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fun, Hoong-Kun; Chantrapromma, Suchada; Dayananda, A. S.; Yathirajan, H. S.; Ramesha, A. R. published their research in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online on February 29 ,2012. The article was titled 《2-Amino-N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]acetamide》.COA of Formula: C15H15ClN2O2S The article contains the following contents:

In the title compound, C15H15ClN2O2S, the 2-aminoacetamide N-C(=O)-C-N unit is approx. planar, with an root-mean-square deviation of 0.020(4) Å. The central thiophene ring makes dihedral angles of 7.84(11) and 88.11(11)°, resp., with the 2-aminoacetamide unit and the 2-chloropenyl ring. An intramol. N-H···O H bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mols. are linked by an N-H···O H bond and weak C-H···O interactions into a chain along the c axis. A C-H···π interaction is also present. Crystallog. data and at. coordinates are given. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2-Amino-N-(3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl)acetamide(cas: 50509-09-6COA of Formula: C15H15ClN2O2S)

2-Amino-N-(3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl)acetamide(cas: 50509-09-6) belongs to anime. Amines have a free lone pair with which they can coordinate to metal centers. Amine–metal bonds are weaker because amines are incapable of backbonding, but they are still important for sensing applications.While stronger than hydrogen bonds, amine–metal bonds are still weaker than both covalent and ionic bonds.COA of Formula: C15H15ClN2O2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Uebler, Jacob W.; LaDuca, Robert L. published an article in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online. The title of the article was 《Diaquabis[N-(pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide-κN]bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)》.Synthetic Route of C11H9N3O The author mentioned the following in the article:

In the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C11H9N3O)2(H2O)2], the octahedrally coordinated CoII ion lies on a crystallog. inversion center and is bound by two isothiocyanate ligands, two aqua ligands and two N-(pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide (4-pina) ligands. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings in the 4-pina ligand is 8.98(11)°. In the crystal, the individual mol. units are aggregated in three dimensions by O-H···N, O-H···S, and N-H···S hydrogen bonds. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of N-(Pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide(cas: 64479-78-3Synthetic Route of C11H9N3O)

N-(Pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide(cas: 64479-78-3) belongs to amides.Synthetic Route of C11H9N3O The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2022,Friedrich, Erik; Heinrich, Timo; Rosenberger, Lara; Krier, Mireille; Marek, Stephanie; Reggelin, Michael published an article in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Crystallographic Communications. The title of the article was 《Synthesis and crystal structure of rac-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethyl 4-methyl-N-phenyl-N′-(triisopropylsilyl)benzenesulfondiimidoate: the first member of a new substance class》.COA of Formula: C7H9NO2S The author mentioned the following in the article:

The title compound {systematic name: rac-2-[7-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-(phenylimino)-6,6-bis(propan-2-yl)-3-oxa-4λ6-thia-5-aza-6-silaoct-4-en-1-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione}, C32H41N3O3SSi, was synthesized by desoxychlorination of 4-methyl-N-phenyl-N′-(triisopropylsilyl)benzenesulfonimidamide and subsequent reaction with 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione. The racemic compound was crystallized from isopropanol. The structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed two double-bonded nitrogen atoms to the central sulfur atom and an overall crystal packing driven by its aromatic interactions. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3COA of Formula: C7H9NO2S)

4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.COA of Formula: C7H9NO2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Martinson, Elizabeth A.; Scheible, Stephan; Presek, Peter published an article in Cellular and Molecular Biology (Paris, France, Printed). The title of the article was 《Inhibition of phospholipase D of human platelets by protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors》.Product Details of 106392-48-7 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) of the src family are thought to play an important role in platelet signal transduction, but little is known about the targets of these enzymes in platelets. We determined that exposure of human platelets to pervanadate, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, caused an increase in the activity of phospholipase D (PLD), an enzyme that might be involved in signaling events leading to aggregation or secretion. To further investigate whether tyrosine phosphorylation is a step in the pathway of activation of PLD in response to thrombin, we tested the effects of a series of PTK inhibitors on the activity of platelet PLD. PLD was activated in response to 0.3 U/mL thrombin, and this activation was reduced by several of the PTK inhibitors, especially genistein, Me 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate (MDHC), ST271, and the tyrphostins A25 and A47. In saponin-permeabilized platelets, we observed a marked inhibition of GTPγS-stimulated PLD by many of the PTK inhibitors, consistent with the possibility that PTKs are involved in the regulation of PLD activity by a G-protein or small GTP-binding protein. MDHC did not affect PLD activity in permeabilized cells, which suggests that this compound might inhibit PLD in intact platelets via another pathway. The inhibitors were also tested for their effects on the phosphorylation of a peptide substrate of src-family PTKs in a platelet membrane preparation and in permeabilized platelets. Several of the compounds partially inhibited peptide phosphorylation in the membrane preparation and in permeabilized platelets, most notably ST271, ST638, and tyrphostin A25. These results suggest that the activation of PLD by thrombin during platelet stimulation is at least partially controlled by protein tyrosine kinases, possibly pp60c-src or other members of the src family. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)acrylamide(cas: 106392-48-7Product Details of 106392-48-7)

2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)acrylamide(cas: 106392-48-7) belongs to amides.Product Details of 106392-48-7Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics