Month: October 2022

The author of 《NIPAm-Based Modification of Poly(L-lysine): A pH-Dependent LCST-Type Thermo-Responsive Biodegradable Polymer》 were Stamou, Aggeliki; Iatrou, Hermis; Tsitsilianis, Constantinos. And the article was published in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2022. Formula: C11H22N2O4 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Polylysine is a biocompatible, biodegradable, water soluble polypeptide. Thanks to the pendant primary amines it bears, it is susceptible to modification reactions. In this work Poly(L-lysine) (PLL) was partially modified via the effortless free-catalyzed aza-Michael addition reaction at room temperature by grafting N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) moieties onto the amines. The resulting PLL-g-NIPAm exhibited LCST-type thermosensitivity. The LCST can be tuned by the NIPAm content incorporated in the macromols. Importantly, depending on the NIPAm content, LCST is highly dependent on pH and ionic strength due to ionization capability of the remaining free lysine residues. PLL-g-NIPAm constitutes a novel biodegradable LCST polymer that could be used as “”smart”” block in block copolymers and/or terpolymers, of any macromol. architecture, to design pH/Temperature-responsive self-assemblies (nanocarriers and/or networks) for potential bio-applications. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3Formula: C11H22N2O4)

H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3) belongs to amino acids. In addition to subunits of proteins, amino acids have many other functions as well, including osmoregulation (proline), neurotransmitters (gamma-aminobutyric acid), metabolic intermediates (ornithine and citrulline), and inhibitors (dehydroproline).Formula: C11H22N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2012,Oohara, Tadashi; Nambu, Hisanori; Anada, Masahiro; Takeda, Koji; Hashimoto, Shunichi published 《A polymer-supported chiral fluorinated dirhodium(II) complex for asymmetric amination of silyl enol ethers》.Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis published the findings.COA of Formula: C11H24N2O The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The immobilization of dirhodium(II) tetrakis[N-tetrafluorophthaloyl-(S)-tert-leucinate], [Rh2(S-TFPTTL)4], has been accomplished by copolymerization of a dirhodium(II) complex-containing monomer with styrene and 1,6-bis(4-vinylbenzyloxy)hexane as a flexible cross-linker. The polymer-supported chiral fluorinated dirhodium(II) complex catalyzed the amination of silyl enol ethers with [N-(2-nitrophenylsulfonyl)imino]phenyliodinane (NsN=IPh) to provide α-amino ketones in high yields with high levels of enantioselectivity and could be used up to 20 times as the catalyst readily withstood stirring in the presence of the solid reactant. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate(cas: 71432-55-8COA of Formula: C11H24N2O)

tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate(cas: 71432-55-8) belongs to anime. In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (NH3), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines).COA of Formula: C11H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry included an article by de Heuvel, Erik; Singh, Abhimanyu K.; Edink, Ewald; van der Meer, Tiffany; van der Woude, Melanie; Sadek, Payman; Krell-Joergensen, Mikkel P.; van den Bergh, Toine; Veerman, Johan; Caljon, Guy; Kalejaiye, Titilola D.; Wijtmans, Maikel; Maes, Louis; de Koning, Harry P.; Jan Sterk, Geert; Siderius, Marco; de Esch, Iwan J. P.; Brown, David G.; Leurs, Rob. Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromoacetamide. The article was titled 《Alkynamide phthalazinones as a new class of TbrPDEB1 inhibitors》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Several 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have been validated as good drug targets for a large variety of diseases. Trypanosoma brucei PDEB1 (TbrPDEB1) has been designated as a promising drug target for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. Recently, the first class of selective nanomolar TbrPDEB1 inhibitors was obtained by targeting the parasite specific P-pocket. However, these biphenyl-substituted tetrahydrophthalazinone-based inhibitors did not show potent cellular activity against Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) parasites, leaving room for further optimization. Herein, we report the discovery of a new class of potent TbrPDEB1 inhibitors that display improved activities against T. brucei parasites. Exploring different linkers between the reported tetrahydrophthalazinone core scaffold and the amide tail group resulted in the discovery of alkynamide phthalazinones as new TbrPDEB1 inhibitors, which exhibit submicromolar activities vs. T. brucei parasites and no cytotoxicity to human MRC-5 cells. Elucidation of the crystal structure of alkynamide 8b (NPD-048) bound to the catalytic domain of TbrPDEB1 shows a bidentate interaction with the key-residue Gln874 and good directionality towards the P-pocket. Incubation of trypanosomes with alkynamide 8b results in an increase of intracellular cAMP, validating a PDE-mediated effect in vitro and providing a new interesting compound series for further studies towards selective TbrPDEB1 inhibitors with potent phenotypic activity. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromoacetamide)

2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8) can be used in preparation of (2-carbamoylmethoxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. It was aslo used as precursor to dehydropeptidase I inactivator.Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromoacetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019,Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry included an article by Paul, Dipankar; Borah, Apurba; Khatua, Snehadrinarayan; Nath Chatterjee, Paresh. Computed Properties of C7H9NO2S. The article was titled 《para-Toluenesulfonic Acid-Catalyzed, Ultrasound-Promoted, One-Pot, Three-Component Coupling of Aldehydes, -Dicarbonyls/Amides and Electron-Rich Arenes》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

An ultrasound-promoted, metal-free method for the three-component coupling of aldehydes, β-dicarbonyls/amides and electron-rich arenes was reported. The versatility of the method was established by employing varieties of functionally diverse components for coupling. In lieu of expensive, toxic or specifically designed catalysts, the method presented employed com. available, inexpensive and non-toxic para-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (pTSA) as an efficient catalyst. An insight into the mechanistic pathway of the three-component coupling reaction was also provided by isolating the intermediate and subsequently converting it to the final product. The flexibility of choosing the components in the method described allowed one-pot access to a variety of relevant organic motifs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3Computed Properties of C7H9NO2S)

4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3) belongs to anime. In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (NH3), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines).Computed Properties of C7H9NO2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Ammonia-Mediated Bromate Inhibition during Ozonation Promotes the Toxicity Due to Organic Byproduct Transformation》 was published in Environmental Science & Technology in 2020. These research results belong to Wu, Qian-Yuan; Yang, Lu-Lin; Zhang, Xin-Yang; Wang, Wen-Long; Lu, Yao; Du, Ye; Lu, Yun; Hu, Hong-Ying. Recommanded Product: 2-Bromoacetamide The article mentions the following:

Ammonia (NH4+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been widely used to inhibit bromate formation during ozonization. However, organic byproducts can also pose a risk under these conditions. During bromate inhibition, the influence of NH4+ and H2O2 on organic byproducts and their toxicity should be elucidated. Our study found that NH4+ suppressed organic bromine, but might result in increased toxicity. Adding 0.5 mg/L of NH4+-N substantially increased both the formation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity (DNA double-strand breaks) of organic byproducts from 0.6 to 1.6 mg-phenol/L, and from 0.3 to 0.8μg-4-NQO/L (0.5 mg/L Br-, 5 mg/L O3). NH4+ decreased bromate, but increased the overall toxicity of the integrated byproducts (organic byproducts and bromate). Organic nitrogen measurements and 15N isotope anal. showed enhanced incorporation of nitrogen into organic matter when NH4+ and Br- coexisted during ozonization. NH4+ decreased the formation of brominated acetonitriles, but enhanced the formation of brominated nitromethanes and brominated acetamides. These brominated nitrogenous byproducts were partially responsible for this increase in toxicity. Different from ammonia, H2O2 could reduce both bromate and the toxicity of organic byproducts. In the presence of 0.5 mg/L Br- and 10 mg/L O3, adding H2O2 (0.5 mM) substantially suppressed bromate, cytotoxicity formation and genotoxicity formation by 88%, 63% and 67%. This study highlights that focusing on bromate control with NH4+ addition might result in higher toxicity. Efforts are needed to effectively control the toxicities of bromate and organic byproducts simultaneously. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8Recommanded Product: 2-Bromoacetamide)

2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8) can be used in preparation of (2-carbamoylmethoxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. It was aslo used as precursor to dehydropeptidase I inactivator.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromoacetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Discovery and characterization of an acridine radical photoreductant》 was written by MacKenzie, Ian A.; Wang, Leifeng; Onuska, Nicholas P. R.; Williams, Olivia F.; Begam, Khadiza; Moran, Andrew M.; Dunietz, Barry D.; Nicewicz, David A.. Formula: C7H9NO2S And the article was included in Nature (London, United Kingdom) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) is a phenomenon whereby the absorption of light by a chem. species provides an energetic driving force for an electron-transfer reaction1-4. This mechanism is relevant in many areas of chem., including the study of natural and artificial photosynthesis, photovoltaics and photosensitive materials. In recent years, research in the area of photoredox catalysis has enabled the use of PET for the catalytic generation of both neutral and charged organic free-radical species. These technologies have enabled previously inaccessible chem. transformations and have been widely used in both academic and industrial settings. Such reactions are often catalyzed by visible-light-absorbing organic mols. or transition-metal complexes of ruthenium, iridium, chromium or copper5,6. Although various closed-shell organic mols. have been shown to behave as competent electron-transfer catalysts in photoredox reactions, there are only limited reports of PET reactions involving neutral organic radicals as excited-state donors or acceptors. This is unsurprising because the lifetimes of doublet excited states of neutral organic radicals are typically several orders of magnitude shorter than the singlet lifetimes of known transition-metal photoredox catalysts7-11. Here we document the discovery, characterization and reactivity of a neutral acridine radical with a maximum excited-state oxidation potential of -3.36 V vs. a SCE, which is similarly reducing to elemental lithium, making this radical one of the most potent chem. reductants reported12. Spectroscopic, computational and chem. studies indicate that the formation of a twisted intramol. charge-transfer species enables the population of higher-energy doublet excited states, leading to the observed potent photoreducing behavior. We demonstrate that this catalytically generated PET catalyst facilitates several chem. reactions that typically require alkali metal reductants and can be used in other organic transformations that require dissolving metal reductants. After reading the article, we found that the author used 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3Formula: C7H9NO2S)

4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3) belongs to anime. Nitrous acid converts secondary amines (aliphatic or aromatic) to N-nitroso compounds (nitrosamines): R2NH + HNO2 → R2N―NO. Some nitrosamines are potent cancer-inducing substances, and their possible formation is a serious consideration when nitrites, which are salts of nitrous acid, are present in foods or pharmaceutical preparations. Tertiary amines give rise to nitrosamines more slowly; an alkyl group is eliminated as an aldehyde or ketone, along with nitrous oxide, N2O.Formula: C7H9NO2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2022,Usman, Muhammad; Hueben, Michael; Kato, Takuro; Zwiener, Christian; Wintgens, Thomas; Linnemann, Volker published an article in Science of the Total Environment. The title of the article was 《Occurrence of brominated disinfection by-products in thermal spas》.Reference of 2-Bromoacetamide The author mentioned the following in the article:

Thermal spas are gaining more and more popularity among the population because they are used for recreational purposes. Disinfecting these baths without losing the health benefits poses a challenge for swimming pool operators. Previous studies have mainly focused on regulated chlorinated DBPs in freshwater pools with no bromide or seawater pools with very high bromide content. Thermal water pools have a low bromide content and in combination with chlorine can lead to chlorinated, brominated and mixed halogenated DBP species. The occurrence of brominated and mixed halogenated DBPs in these types of pools is largely unexplored, with very few or limited studies published on regulated DBPs and even fewer on emerging DBP classes. In the field of swimming pool water disinfection, apart from extensive studies in the field of drinking water disinfection, only a few studies are known in which >39 halogenated and 16 non-halogenated disinfection byproducts, including regulated trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA), were investigated in swimming pool water. Calculated bromine incorporation factor (BIF) demonstrated that even small amounts of bromide in swimming pool water can lead to a large shift in DBP species towards brominated and mixed halogenated DBPs. Dihaloacetonitriles (DHANs) accounted for >50% of the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on average Comparison of the target anal. with the TOX showed that a major part of the measured TOX (69% on average) could be explained by the regulated classes THMs, HAAs, and the unregulated class of HANs. This study aims to help operators of swimming pools with bromide-containing water to gain a better understanding of DBP formation in future monitoring and to fill the knowledge gap that has existed so far on the occurrence of DBPs in thermal water pools. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8Reference of 2-Bromoacetamide)

2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8) can be used in preparation of (2-carbamoylmethoxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. It was aslo used as precursor to dehydropeptidase I inactivator.Reference of 2-Bromoacetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2022,Wang, Wei; Ma, Qiyao; Ding, Xinliang; Xu, Yihua; He, Mengting; Xu, Jie; Liu, Jianjun; Ji, Cheng; Zhang, Jie published an article in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. The title of the article was 《Developmental toxicity of bromoacetamide via the thyroid hormone receptors-mediated disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis in zebrafish embryos》.Recommanded Product: 683-57-8 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Bromoacetamide (BAcAm) is a nitrogenous disinfection byproduct. We previously found that BAcAm induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Since thyroid hormones (THs) homeostasis is crucial to development, we hypothesized that disruption of THs homeostasis may play a role in the developmental toxicity of BAcAm. In this study, we found BAcAm exposure significantly increased mortality and malformation rate, decreased hatching rate and body length, inhibited the locomotor capacity in zebrafish embryos. BAcAm elevated TSH, T3 and T4 levels, down-regulated T3/T4 ratios, and up-regulated mRNA expression changes of THs related genes (trh, tsh, tg, nis, tpo, dio1, dio2, ugt1ab,klf9 and rho), but down-regulated mRNA expression changes of TH receptors (tr α and tr β). Up-regulated tr α and tr β mRNAs by rescue treatment confirmed that both tr α and tr β were involved in the developmental toxicity of BAcAm. In conclusion, our study indicates disruption of THs homeostasis via the thyroid hormone receptors was responsible for the developmental toxicity of BAcAm. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8Recommanded Product: 683-57-8)

2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8) can be used in preparation of (2-carbamoylmethoxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. It was aslo used as precursor to dehydropeptidase I inactivator.Recommanded Product: 683-57-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Product Details of 70-55-3In 2020 ,《Solid Solubilities of Sulfonamides and Use of Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions for Microparticle Production》 was published in Chemical Engineering & Technology. The article was written by Yang, Tsung-Mao; Li, Jin-Shuh; Yeh, Tsao-Fa; Su, Chie-Shaan. The article contains the following contents:

The solubility of solid active pharmaceutical ingredients in supercritical fluids is a major thermodn. criterion for selection and screening of microparticle generation processes. To develop an efficient method for solubility prediction, a solution model was adopted to establish the correlations of the solid solubilities of six sulfonamides in supercritical CO2. The model was capable of determining solubility correlations. Accordingly, it was attempted to simplify and generalize the model, yielding a predictive solution model, which provided order-consistent solubility predictions. A case study for model extrapolation was conducted. After understanding the mechanisms underlying the solubility of sulfonamides, the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) process was applied to produce microparticles of p-toluenesulfonamide, an anticancer drug. The effects of RESS process parameters were investigated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3Product Details of 70-55-3)

4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3) belongs to anime. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxy acids generally add an oxygen atom to the nitrogen of amines. With primary amines, this step is normally followed by further oxidation, leading to nitroso compounds, RNO, or nitro compounds, RNO2. Secondary amines are converted to hydroxylamines, R2NOH, and tertiary amines to amine oxides, R3NO.Product Details of 70-55-3

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recommanded Product: H-Lys(Boc)-OHOn October 31, 2020 ,《Facile synthesis of high molecular weight polypeptides via fast and moisture insensitive polymerization of alpha-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides》 appeared in Chinese Journal of Polymer Science. The author of the article were Wu, Yue-Ming; Zhang, Wei-Wei; Zhou, Rui-Yi; Chen, Qi; Xie, Chen-Yu; Xiang, Heng-Xue; Sun, Bin; Zhu, Mei-Fang; Liu, Run-Hui. The article conveys some information:

Polypeptides have been widely utilized in the fields of biomaterials and biomedicine. Ever since N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) was reported by Hermann Leuchs in 1906, ring-opening polymerization of NCAs has been extensively used to prepare polypeptides. Despite continuous innovations, it is still challenging to synthesize polypeptides in high mol. weight efficiently. To address this challenge, we developed KHMDS/NaHMDS initiated fast NCA polymerization that is also moisture tolerant, open-flask amenable and terminal tunable. This NCA polymerization was able to proceed in most common solvents and meet the solubility requirement of variable NCA monomers and corresponding polypeptides. KHMDS can initiate γ-benzyl-L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride (BLG NCA) polymerization in a reaction rate 92 times faster than does hexylamine and 80 times faster than does triethylamine. This NCA polymerization also demonstrated easy and fast synthesis of gram-scale long chain polypeptides in an open flask. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3Recommanded Product: H-Lys(Boc)-OH)

H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3) belongs to amino acids. These amino acids may be present in low concentrations and play a vital part as an intermediate in a biosynthetic pathway, e.g., ornithine, homoserine, or cystathionine. In contrast they may act as a major storage form of nitrogen, e.g., canavanine in the seed of Canavalia ensiformis, or may be formed in high amounts in response to an external stress, e.g., γ-aminobutyrate.Recommanded Product: H-Lys(Boc)-OH It is possible that some of these nonprotein amino acids may serve as insecticidal or fungicidal agents.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics