Comparative metabolomic analysis in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of humans and in plasma and brain of mice following antidepressant-dose ketamine administration was written by Moaddel, Ruin;Zanos, Panos;Farmer, Cristan A.;Kadriu, Bashkim;Morris, Patrick J.;Lovett, Jacqueline;Acevedo-Diaz, Elia E.;Cavanaugh, Grace W.;Yuan, Peixiong;Yavi, Mani;Thomas, Craig J.;Park, Lawrence T.;Ferrucci, Luigi;Gould, Todd D.;Zarate, Carlos A. Jr. And the article was included in Translational Psychiatry in 2022.SDS of cas: 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Subanesthetic-dose racemic (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) produces rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and has also been shown to effectively treat neuropathic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, to date, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Preclin. studies found that (2 R,6 R;2 S,6 S)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), a major circulating metabolite of ketamine, elicits antidepressant effects similar to those of ketamine. To help determine how (2 R,6 R)-HNK contributes to ketamine mechanism of action, an exploratory, targeted, metabolomic anal. was carried out on plasma and CSF of nine healthy volunteers receiving a 40-min ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg). A parallel targeted metabolomic anal. in plasma, hippocampus, and hypothalamus was carried out in mice receiving either 10 mg/kg of ketamine, 10 mg/kg of (2 R,6 R)-HNK, or saline. Ketamine and (2 R,6 R)-HNK both affected multiple pathways associated with inflammatory conditions. In addition, several changes were unique to either the healthy human volunteers and/or the mouse arm of the study, indicating that different pathways may be differentially involved in ketamine effects in mice and humans. Mechanisms of action found to consistently underlie the effects of ketamine and/or (2 R,6 R)-HNK across both the human metabolome in plasma and CSF and the mouse arm of the study included LAT1, IDO1, NAD+, the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, and sphingolipid rheostat. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7SDS of cas: 1094-61-7).
((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.SDS of cas: 1094-61-7
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics