NAD-catabolizing ectoenzymes of Schistosoma mansoni was written by Nation, Catherine S.;Da’Dara, Akram A.;Skelly, Patrick J.. And the article was included in Biochemical Journal in 2022.Synthetic Route of C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Infection with schistosomes (blood flukes) can result in the debilitating disease schistosomiasis. These parasites survive in their host for many years, and we hypothesize that proteins on their tegumental surface, interacting with the host microenvironment, facilitate longevity. One such ectoenzyme – the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase SmNPP5 can cleave ADP (to prevent platelet aggregation) and NAD (likely preventing Treg apoptosis). A second tegumental ectoenzyme, the glycohydrolase SmNACE, also catabolizes NAD. Here, we undertake a comparative biochem. characterization of these parasite ectoenzymes. Both are GPI-linked and exhibit different optimal pH ranges. While SmNPP5 requires divalent cations, SmNACE does not. The KM values of the two enzymes for NAD at physiol. pH differ: SmNPP5, KM = 340μM ± 44; SmNACE, KM = 49μM ± 4. NAD cleavage by each enzyme yields different products. SmNPP5 cleaves NAD to form NMN (NMN) and AMP, whereas SmNACE cleaves NAD to generate nicotinamide (NAM) and ADP ribose (ADPR). Each enzyme can process the other’s reaction product. Thus, SmNACE cleaves NMN (to yield NAM and ribose phosphate) and SmNPP5 cleaves ADPR (yielding AMP and ribose phosphate). Metabolomic anal. of plasma containing adult worms supports the idea that these cleavage pathways are active in vivo. We hypothesize that a primary function of SmNPP5 is to cleave NAD to control host immune cell function and a primary function of SmNACE is to cleave NMN to generate the vital nutrient nicotinamide (vitamin B3) for convenient uptake by the worms. Chem. inhibition of one or both ectoenzymes could upset worm metabolism and control schistosome infection. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Synthetic Route of C11H15N2O8P).
((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Synthetic Route of C11H15N2O8P
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics