Emre, Ceren published the artcileAge-related changes in brain phospholipids and bioactive lipids in the APP knock-in mouse model of Alzheimers disease, Application In Synthesis of 321673-30-7, the publication is Acta Neuropathologica Communications (2021), 9(1), 116, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.
Sustained brain chronic inflammation in Alzheimers disease (AD) includes glial cell activation, an increase in cytokines and chemokines, and lipid mediators (LMs), concomitant with decreased pro-homeostatic mediators. The inflammatory response at the onset of pathol. engages activation of pro-resolving, pro-homeostatic LMs followed by a gradual decrease. We used an APP knock-in (App KI) AD mouse that accumulates β-amyloid (Aβ) and presents cognitive deficits (at 2 and 6 mo of age, resp.) to investigate LMs, their precursors, biosynthetic enzymes and receptors, glial activation, and inflammatory proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 2-, 4-, 8- and 18-mo-old in comparison with wild-type (WT) mice. We used LC-mass-spectrometry and MALDI mol. imaging to analyze LMs and phospholipids, and immunochem. for proteins. Our results revealed an age-specific lipid and cytokine profile, and glial activation in the App KI mice. Despite an early onset of Aβ pathol., pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving LMs were prominently increased only in the oldest age group. Furthermore, the LM biosynthetic enzymes increased, and their receptor expression decreased in the aged App KI mice. Arachidonic acid (AA)-containing phospholipid mol. species were elevated, correlating with decreased cPLA2 activity. MALDI mol. imaging depicted differential distribution of phospholipids according to genotype in hippocampal layers. Brain histol. disclosed increased microglia proliferation starting from young age in the App KI mice, while astrocyte numbers were enhanced in older ages. Our results demonstrate that the brain lipidome is modified preferentially during aging as compared to amyloid pathol. in the model studied here. However, alterations in phospholipids signal early pathol. changes in membrane composition
Acta Neuropathologica Communications published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Application In Synthesis of 321673-30-7.
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