Exploratory study on the occurrence and dynamics of yeast-mediated nicotinamide riboside production in craft beers was written by Garofalo, Cristiana;Sabbatini, Riccardo;Zamporlini, Federica;Minazzato, Gabriele;Ferrocino, Ilario;Aquilanti, Lucia;Raffaelli, Nadia;Osimani, Andrea. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.Formula: C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:
In this study, nicotinamide riboside (NR), a form of vitamin B3, and its precursors NMN (NMN) and NAD+ were quantitated by a fluorometric assay in ten com. craft beers and throughout the fermentation process of a laboratory-scale beer. All tested beers from different com. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains contained NAD+ (ranging from 1.10μM to 17.80μM). NR concentrations ranged from 0.48 to 3.25μM, while the content of NMN was approx. 0.9μM. NR and NMN were only present in beers produced with S. cerevisiae strain US-05. Data from laboratory-scale beer productions using S. cerevisiae strain US-05 showed that the addition of hops [amarillo (alpha acid: 9.0%) (4 g/L) and centennial (alpha acid: 8.5%) (4 g/L) varieties] at the 9th day of fermentation significantly increased NR production up to 6.11μM at the end of a typical fermentation of 21 days, and up to 11.42μM at 45 days of fermentation The rapid increase in NR formation only occurred if both hops and yeast were present, and the burst was also confirmed in fermentations trials performed with S. cerevisiae strain CBS1171T and by replacing wort with YPD medium. This study can serve as baseline for further research on yeast-hop interaction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Formula: C11H15N2O8P).
((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Formula: C11H15N2O8P
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics