Month: November 2022

Lenschow, Iara Cristina Schmucker published the artcileBall-milled valsartan and its combination with mannitol: the case of drug polyamorphism, Formula: C24H29N5O3, the publication is Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (2022), 147(16), 8765-8777, database is CAplus.

Valsartan (VAL) is a drug that has low water solubility and low oral bioavailability. Unlike most drugs, bulk VAL has unusual solid-state properties, including the phenomenon of polyamorphism. Furthermore, surprisingly, obtaining the neat VAL in a completely amorphous form does not increase its solubility In this study, the influence of different ball milling conditions (milling time and speed) on dissolution rate, thermoanal. and solid-state properties of VAL was studied. The influence of the association of VAL with the hydrophilic carrier mannitol (as phys. mixtures and solid dispersions, at different drug/carrier ratios) on drug dissolution, thermoanal. and solid-state properties was also evaluated. Bulk VAL, milled-VAL and phys. mixtures and solid dispersions (SDs) of the drug with mannitol were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction anal. and Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy. Ball milling the neat drug originated self-agglomerated particles, with lower dissolution rate than bulk VAL, and the conversion of VAL from a more ordered amorphous form to another fully amorphous and less soluble form. The same conversion occurred after ball milling of VAL with mannitol (SDs). This change in VAL polyamorphic forms resulting from the ball-milling process had not yet been described in other studies. The highest proportion of mannitol tested (VAL: mannitol 1:3 m/m) promoted a greater increase in the dissolution rate of the drug. A phys. mixture prepared in the same composition showed a dissolution profile similar to these SDs. These results demonstrated that the simple association of VAL with mannitol is sufficient to improve its dissolution rate, without changing the solid state of drug.

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry published new progress about 137862-53-4. 137862-53-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class GPCR/G Protein,Angiotensin Receptor, name is (S)-2-(N-((2′-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C24H29N5O3, Formula: C24H29N5O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dub, Pavel A. published the artcileEngineering Catalysts for Selective Ester Hydrogenation, Recommanded Product: N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, the publication is Organic Process Research & Development (2020), 24(3), 415-442, database is CAplus.

The development of efficient catalysts and processes for synthesizing functionalized (olefinic and/or chiral) primary alcs. and fluoral hemiacetals is currently needed. These are valuable building blocks for pharmaceuticals, agrochems., perfumes, and so forth. From an economic standpoint, bench-stable Takasago Int. Corp.’s Ru-PNP, more commonly known as Ru-MACHO, and Gusev’s Ru-SNS complexes are arguably the most appealing mol. catalysts to access primary alcs. from esters and H₂ (Waser, M. et al. Organic Proc. Res. Dev. 2018,22, 862). This work introduces economically competitive Ru-SNP(O)_z complexes (z = 0, 1), which combine key structural elements of both of these catalysts. In particular, the incorporation of SNP heteroatoms into the ligand skeleton is crucial for the design of a more product-selective catalyst in the synthesis of fluoral hemiacetals under kinetically controlled conditions. Based on exptl. observations and computational anal., this paper further extends the current state-of-the-art understanding of the accelerative role of KO-t-Bu in ester hydrogenation. It attempts to explain why a maximum turnover occurs starting at ∼25 mol % base, in contrast to only ∼10 mol % with ketones as substrates.

Organic Process Research & Development published new progress about 360-92-9. 360-92-9 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C6H10F3NO, Recommanded Product: N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Favalli, Nicholas published the artcileLarge screening of DNA-compatible reaction conditions for Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions and for reverse amide bond formation, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry (2021), 116206, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Progress in DNA-encoded chem. library synthesis and screening crucially relies on the availability of DNA-compatible reactions, which proceed with high yields and excellent purity for a large number of possible building blocks. In the past, exptl. conditions have been presented for the execution of Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions on-DNA. In this article, our aim was to optimize Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions, comparing our results to previously published procedures. We have tested the performance of improved conditions using 606 building blocks (including boronic acids, pinacol boranes and terminal alkynes), achieving >70% conversion for 84% of the tested mols. Moreover, we describe efficient exptl. conditions for the on-DNA synthesis of amide bonds, starting from DNA derivatives carrying a carboxylic acid moiety and 300 primary, secondary and aromatic amines, as amide bonds are frequently found in DNA-encoded chem. libraries thanks to their excellent DNA compatibility.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 849833-86-9. 849833-86-9 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Boronic acid and ester,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Boronic Acids,Boronic Acids,Boronic acid and ester, name is (3-Fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)boronic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H9BFNO3, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tiwari, Dilip published the artcileCopper complexes of imidazole-2-carbaldehyde N(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazones: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity, COA of Formula: C5H10N2OS, the publication is Asian Journal of Chemistry (2016), 28(12), 2793-2797, database is CAplus.

Imidazole-2-carbaldehyde N(4)-pyrrolidinyl, N(4)-piperidinyl, N(4)-morpholinyl and N(4)-piperazinyl thiosemicarbazones and their copper(II) complexes were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, UV-visible, ESR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The stoichiometry, spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data indicates thiosemicarbazone coordination to Cu(II) in neutral form with NNS donors. The coordination spheres of the metal ion are completed by chlorine atoms in approx. square pyramidal geometry. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of the compounds in broth culture exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on the microbial proliferation. Some copper(II) complexes exhibited a moderate inhibitory activity, better than that of the corresponding free thiosemicarbazone.

Asian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C4H7BrO2, COA of Formula: C5H10N2OS.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Itagaki, Kiyoshi published the artcileEicosanoid-Induced Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Dendritic Cells, Computed Properties of 321673-30-7, the publication is Journal of Surgical Research (2011), 169(2), 301-310, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Background: Eicosanoids are generally recognized to exert potent immunomodulatory properties, including effects on T cell, antigen-presenting cell (APC), and dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function. Since DC maturation and function may also be regulated by store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), we hypothesized that the effects of eicosanoids on DC function may in part be regulated through changes in intracellular calcium. Methods: DC derived from the bone marrow of male Balb/ByJ mice cultured for 7 d in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were used to study the effects of eicosanoids on SOCE and the resulting Ca²⁺ mobilization. Results: The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) products leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) and LTD_4, but not LTC₄, depleted Ca²⁺ from DC endoplasmic reticulum stores. The specificity of LTB₄ and LTD₄ on Ca²⁺ store-depletion was confirmed by the ability of the specific receptor antagonists, LY25583 and MK571, resp., to abrogate Ca²⁺ store depletion. RT-PCR demonstrated DC receptors for LTB₄ (BLT₁ and BLT₂) and the cysteinyl-LTs (CysLT₁, CysLT₂, and GPR17). We also detected transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 1, 2, 4, and 6 and stromal interaction mol. 1 (STIM1) on CD11c⁺ DCs, suggesting these proteins also participate in DC SOCE. In contrast, the cyclooxygenase (CO) metabolite PGE₂ had no effect on DC Ca²⁺ mobilization. Conclusions: To our knowledge, these are the first observations of distinct effects of eicosanoids on DC Ca²⁺ mobilization, which may have important implications for the regulation of DC maturation at sites of immune and non-immune inflammation.

Journal of Surgical Research published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Computed Properties of 321673-30-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mazumder, Somnath published the artcileSirtuins as endogenous regulators of lung fibrosis: A current perspective, Application of 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, the publication is Life Sciences (2020), 118201, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Fibrotic lung diseases qualify among the most dreaded irreversible interstitial pulmonary complications with progressive yet largely unpredictable clin. course. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most challenging prototype characterized by unknown and complex mol. etiol., severe dearth of non-invasive therapeutic options and average lifespan of 2-5 years in patients post diagnosis. Lung fibrosis (LF) is a leading cause of death in the industrialized world with the propensity to contract, significantly increasing with age. Approx. 45% deaths in US are attributed to fibrotic diseases while around 7% respiratory disease-associated deaths, annually in UK, are actually attributed to IPF. Recent developments in the field of LF have unambiguously pointed towards the pivotal role of Sirtuins (SIRTs) in regulating disease progression, thereby qualifying as potential anti-fibrotic drug targets. These NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases, deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases are evolutionarily conserved proteins, regulated by diverse metabolic/environmental factors and implicated in age-related degenerative and inflammatory disorders. While SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 are predominantly nuclear, SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5 are mainly mitochondrial and SIRT2 is majorly cytosolic with occasional nuclear translocation. SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6 and SIRT7 are documented as cytoprotective sirtuins implicated in cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic diseases including fibrosis; however functional roles of remaining sirtuins in pulmonary pathologies are yet elusive. Here, we provide a comprehensive recent update on the regulatory role of sirtuins on LF along with discussion on potential therapeutic modulation of endogenous Sirtuin expression through synthetic/plant-derived compounds which can help synthetic chemists and ethnopharmacologists to design new-generation cheap, non-toxic Sirtuin-based drugs against LF.

Life Sciences published new progress about 1011557-82-6. 1011557-82-6 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Epigenetics,Sirtuin, name is 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, and the molecular formula is C25H34N4O2S, Application of 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chouikhi, Dalila published the artcileClickable peptide nucleic acids (cPNA) with tunable affinity, Computed Properties of 186046-83-3, the publication is Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) (2010), 46(30), 5476-5478, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are functional analogs of natural oligonucleotides. Herein, the authors report the synthesis of PNAs bearing a triazole in lieu of the amide bond assembled using a “click” cycloaddition, their hybridization properties as well as the DNA-templated coupling of the azide and alkyne PNA fragments.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C40H35N7O8, Computed Properties of 186046-83-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ghosh, Arghya published the artcileNHC-Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulation of Thioamides and Modified Enals for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Thiazinones, Synthetic Route of 64559-06-4, the publication is Organic Letters (2019), 21(21), 8598-8602, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of thioamides with modified enals allowing the enantioselective synthesis of functionalized 1,3-thiazin-4-ones is reported. The NHC generated from the chiral triazolium salt was optimal and the reaction is initiated by the thia-Michael addition to catalytically generated α,β-unsaturated acylazolium intermediates derived from 2-bromoenals, followed by intramol. cyclization. This operationally simple procedure offers a straightforward and rapid access to target compounds in moderate to good yields and enantiomeric ratio values.

Organic Letters published new progress about 64559-06-4. 64559-06-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Benzene,Amide,Ether, name is 3-Methoxybenzothioamide, and the molecular formula is C8H9NOS, Synthetic Route of 64559-06-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Joshi, Tanmaya published the artcileElectrochemiluminescent Monomers for Solid Support Syntheses of Ru(II)-PNA Bioconjugates: Multimodal Biosensing Tools with Enhanced Duplex Stability, Recommanded Product: 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, the publication is Inorganic Chemistry (2012), 51(5), 3302-3315, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The feasibility of devising a solid support mediated approach to multimodal Ru(II)-peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers is explored. Three Ru(II)-PNA-like monomers, [Ru(bpy)₂(Cpp-L-PNA-OH)]²⁺ (M1), [Ru(phen)₂(Cpp-L-PNA-OH)]²⁺ (M2), and [Ru(dppz)₂(Cpp-L-PNA-OH)]²⁺ (M3) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine, Cpp-L-PNA-OH = [2-(N-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[6-(2-(pyridin-2yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamido)hexanoyl]-glycine), have been synthesized as building blocks for Ru(II)-PNA oligomers and characterized by IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochem. and elemental anal. As a proof of principle, M1 was incorporated on the solid phase within the PNA sequences H-g-c-a-a-t-a-a-a-a-Lys-NH₂ (PNA1) and H-P-K-K-K-R-K-V-g-c-a-a-t-a-a-a-a-lys-NH₂ (PNA4) to give PNA2 (H-g-c-a-a-t-a-a-a-a-M1-lys-NH₂) and PNA3 (H-P-K-K-K-R-K-V-g-c-a-a-t-a-a-a-a-M1-lys-NH₂), resp. The two Ru(II)-PNA oligomers, PNA2 and PNA3, displayed a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition band centered around 445 nm and an emission maximum at about 680 nm following 450 nm excitation in aqueous solutions (10 mM PBS, pH 7.4). The absorption and emission response of the duplexes formed with the cDNA strand (DNA: 5′-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-A-T-T-G-C-T-T-T-3′) showed no major variations, suggesting that the electronic properties of the Ru(II) complexes are largely unaffected by hybridization. The thermal stability of the PNA·DNA duplexes, as evaluated from UV melting experiments, is enhanced compared to the corresponding nonmetalated duplexes. The melting temperature (T_m) was almost 8° higher for PNA2·DNA duplex, and 4° for PNA3·DNA duplex, with the stabilization attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the cationic residues (Ru(II) unit and pos. charged lysine/arginine) and the polyanionic DNA backbone. In presence of tripropylamine (TPA) as co-reactant, PNA2, PNA3, PNA2·DNA and PNA3·DNA displayed strong electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals even at submicromolar concentrations Importantly, the combination of spectrochem., thermal and ECL properties possessed by the Ru(II)-PNA sequences offer an elegant approach for the design of highly sensitive multimodal biosensing tools.

Inorganic Chemistry published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C40H35N7O8, Recommanded Product: 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Junwei published the artcileAnaerobic biodegradation and detoxification of chloroacetamide herbicides by a novel Proteiniclasticum sediminis BAD-10^T, Application In Synthesis of 79-07-2, the publication is Environmental Research (2022), 112859, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Chloroacetamide herbicides (CAAHs) are important herbicides that were widely used to control agricultural weeds. However, their mass applications have seriously contaminated environment, and they are toxic to living beings. CAAHs are easy to enter anoxic environments such as subsoil, wetland sediment, and groundwater, where CAAHs are mainly degraded by anaerobic organisms. To date, there are no research on the anaerobic degradation of CAAHs by pure isolate and toxicity of anaerobic metabolites of CAAHs. In this study, the anaerobic degradation kinetics and metabolites of CAAHs by an anaerobic isolate BAD-10T and the toxicity of anaerobic metabolites were studied. Isolate BAD-10T could degrade alachlor, acetochlor, propisochlor, butachlor, pretilachlor and metolachlor with the degradation kinetics fitting the pseudo-first-order kinetics equation. The degradation rates of CAAHs were significantly affected by the length of N-alkoxyalkyl groups, the shorter the N-alkoxyalkyl groups, the higher the degradation rates. Four metabolites 2-ethyl-6-methyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)-acetanilide (EMEMA), N-(2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl)-acetamide (MEPA), N-2-ethylphenyl acetamide and 2-ethyl-N-carboxyl aniline were identified during acetochlor degradation, and an anaerobic catabolic pathway of acetochlor was proposed. The toxicity of EMEMA and EMPA for zebrafish, Arabidopsis and Chlorella ellipsoidea were obviously lower than that of acetochlor, indicating that the anaerobic degradation of acetochlor by isolate BAD-10T is a detoxification process. The work reveals the anaerobic degradation kinetics and catabolic pathway of CAAHs and highlights a potential application of Proteiniclasticum sediminis BAD-10T for bioremediation of CAAHs residue-contaminated environment.

Environmental Research published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Application In Synthesis of 79-07-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics