Month: November 2022

On March 1, 2022, Wang, Linfang; Wang, Yifan; Li, Hua; Zhu, Yuen; Liu, Ruimin published an article.Formula: C8H10N2O3S The title of the article was Occurrence, source apportionment and source-specific risk assessment of antibiotics in a typical tributary of the Yellow River basin. And the article contained the following:

The spatial distributions, sources, and source-specific risk apportionments of 26 antibiotics (5 categories) in the Fenhe river basin were determined based on sample data. The results showed that antibiotics were widely distributed in the surface water. There were significant differences between the different types of antibiotics, and the highest mean concentration was that of the sulfonamide category (33.74 ng/L), accounting for 36% of the total antibiotic concentration Spatially, all antibiotics were mainly detected in the middle and downstream areas. The ecol. risk assessment results showed that the significant risk rate of antibiotics accounted for 70% and was mainly distributed in the downstream area; however, the risks differed between the 5 categories. Quinolone antibiotics exhibited the highest significant risk rate, reaching 100%. The ecol. risk associated with sulfamethoxazole was the highest among all detected antibiotics. The following five main factors influenced the antibiotic concentrations: aquaculture, pharmaceutical wastewater, livestock discharges, domestic sewage, and sewage treatment plants. Among these, pharmaceutical wastewater sources contributed the most (35%) to the total antibiotic concentration, and were distributed throughout the river. Although livestock discharges were not the main reason for the high level of ecol. risk, these discharges were highest at certain sites in the midstream region. Different pollution sources posed different levels of ecol. risk to the Fenhe river basin, the highest of which was pharmaceutical wastewater with a significant risk rate of 58%. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide(cas: 144-80-9).Formula: C8H10N2O3S

The Article related to antibiotic risk assessment sewage treatment yellow river basin, antibiotics, fenhe river, positive matrix factorization, source-specific risk, surface water, Water: Analysis and other aspects.Formula: C8H10N2O3S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On August 1, 2022, Wang, Jialin; Zhang, Chong; Xiong, Ling; Song, Guangdong; Liu, Fei published an article.Electric Literature of 144-80-9 The title of the article was Changes of antibiotic occurrence and hydrochemistry in groundwater under the influence of the South-to-North Water Diversion (the Hutuo River, China). And the article contained the following:

The occurrence of antibiotics in groundwater has significant spatial variability, owing to the complexity of pollutant properties, pollution sources and groundwater recharge and discharge conditions. This study aimed to identify the relationship between antibiotic occurrence and hydrochem. in groundwater. Thus, we undertook this study in a characteristic alluvial-diluvial aquifer where groundwater receives unidirectional recharge from surface water. In total, 47 samples were collected from the Hutuo River before and after an artificial replenishment project. We screened up to four classes of antibiotics and detected 28 types. The statistical anal. of antibiotic concentrations, indicated that there were two pollution areas. Next, we discussed the results pertaining to the occurrence and source of antibiotics by comparing them with hydrochem. data. In the study area, a pos. correlation has been found between inorganic compounds, as SO42-and Cl-, and the most mobile antibiotics given that both share the same source. This shows that a previous sound geochem. study may provide evidence of the extend of antibiotic occurrence, as in the Hutuo River aquifer. The relationship between antibiotics and hydrochem. in groundwater is determined by recharge sources (rainwater and surface water contaminated with antibiotics). Antibiotics from wastewater treatment plants enter groundwater indirectly through surface water with high SO42- in lightly polluted areas, while in heavily polluted areas, there are high concentrations of inorganic components in garbage leachate and wastewater leakage that carry antibiotics directly into groundwater. In summarized, the relationship between antibiotics and hydrochem. observed in this study shows that a previous sound geochem. study may provide evidence of the extend of antibiotic occurrence. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide(cas: 144-80-9).Electric Literature of 144-80-9

The Article related to groundwater antibiotic occurrence hydrochem change hutuo river china, antibiotics, groundwater, hydrochemistry, recharge sources, south-to-north water diversion, Water: Analysis and other aspects.Electric Literature of 144-80-9

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On June 30, 2021, Wang, Linfang; Li, Hua; Dang, Jinhua; Guo, Hong; Zhu, Yu’en; Han, Wenhui published an article.HPLC of Formula: 144-80-9 The title of the article was Occurrence, distribution, and partitioning of antibiotics in surface water and sediment in a typical tributary of Yellow River, China. And the article contained the following:

The antibiotic distributions, partitioning, and migration pathways in river basins have withdrawn great attention in the past decades. This study investigates 26 antibiotics of five classifications in surface water and sediment samples at 23 sites in Fenhe River, a typical tributary of Yellow River. There are 21 antibiotics found in the water samples at the concentration from 113.8 to 1106.0 ng/L, in the decreasing order of SAs > QNs > MLs > TCs > CAs. Fifteen antibiotics were detected in the sediment at the concentrations from 25.11 to 73.22μg/kg following the decreasing order of SAs > MLs > TCs > QNs > CAs. The antibiotic concentrations vary greatly in surface water, generally lower in upstream and in reservoirs, and reaching highest in the midstream of the Fenhe River after passing Taiyuan and Jinzhong, and then lower again in the downstream. The antibiotic concentrations in sediment have a less variation in the entire river basin, but become high in the downstream. The results show the water-sediment partitioning coefficients of antibiotics generally were lower than those in other areas, having a migration path from the water to suspended solids, and then accumulated in sediment. The water-sediment partitioning coefficients also vary across the basin. The water-sediment partitioning coefficients of sulfacetamide and tetracycline are higher than the water-sediment partitioning coefficients of other antibiotics, with less variation across the basin, the water-sediment partitioning coefficients of azithromycin, enrofloxacin, and roxithromycin are low in the midstream of the river, and high at the river source and downstream. The water-sediment partitioning coefficients are significantly affected by the pH of sediment and the particle size of sediment. The prediction models of water-sediment partitioning coefficients for antibiotics are constructed with the selected effecting factors. The simulation values of antibiotics except chlortetracycline and erythromycin are highly consistent with the observed values, indicating that the prediction model is reliable. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide(cas: 144-80-9).HPLC of Formula: 144-80-9

The Article related to antibiotic surface water sediment partitioning distribution simulation, antibiotics, partitioning coefficient, spatial distribution, suspended solids, water and sediment, Water: Analysis and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 144-80-9

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wahlang, Banrida; Gripshover, Tyler C.; Gao, Hong; Krivokhizhina, Tatiana; Keith, Rachel J.; Sithu, Israel D.; Rai, Shesh N.; Bhatnagar, Aruni; McClain, Craig J.; Srivastava, Sanjay; Cave, Mathew C. published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Associations between residential exposure to volatile organic compounds and liver injury markers.Formula: C10H11NO3 And the article contains the following content:

Occupational exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been associated with numerous health complications including steatohepatitis and liver cancer. To address this knowledge gap, the objective of this cross-sectional study is to investigate associations between VOCs and liver injury biomarkers in community residents. Subjects were recruited from six Louisville neighborhoods, and informed consent was obtained. Exposure biomarkers included 16 creatinine-adjusted urinary metabolites corresponding to 12 parent VOCs. Serol. disease biomarkers measured included cytokertain-18 (K18 M65 and M30), liver enzymes, and direct bilirubin. The population comprised of approx. 60% females and 40% males; White persons accounted 78% of the population; with more nonsmokers (n = 413) than smokers (n = 250). In the overall population, metabolites of acrolein, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, 1,3-butadiene, crotonaldehyde, styrene, and xylene were pos. associated with alk. phosphatase. These associations persisted in smokers, with the exception of crotonaldehyde, and addition of N,N-dimethylformamide and propylene oxide metabolites. Although no pos. associations were observed for K18 M30, the benzene metabolite was pos. associated with bilirubin, irresp. of smoking status. Taken together, the results demonstrated that selected VOCs were pos. associated with liver injury biomarkers. These findings will enable better risk assessment and identification of populations vulnerable to liver disease. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Methylbenzamido)acetic acid(cas: 27115-50-0).Formula: C10H11NO3

The Article related to volatile organic compound liver injury, alp, vocs, liver injury, residential, smoking, Toxicology: Other and other aspects.Formula: C10H11NO3

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On March 7, 2014, Mueller, Daniel C.; Piller, Markus; Niessner, Reinhard; Scherer, Max; Scherer, Gerhard published an article.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The title of the article was Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling in Saliva of Smokers and Nonsmokers by a Validated GC-TOF-MS Method. And the article contained the following:

A GC-TOF-MS method was developed and validated for a metabolic fingerprinting in saliva of smokers and nonsmokers. The authors validated the method by spiking 37 different metabolites and 6 internal standards to saliva between 0.1 μM and 2 mM. Intraday coefficients of variation (CVs) (accuracies) were on average, 11.9% (85.8%), 8.2% (88.9%), and 10.0% (106.7%) for the spiked levels 25, 50, and 200 μM, resp. (N = 5). Interday CVs (accuracies) were 12.4% (97%), 18.8% (95.5%), and 17.2% (105.9%) for the resp. levels of 25, 50, and 200 μM (N = 5). The method was applied to saliva of smokers and nonsmokers, obtained from a 24 h diet-controlled clin. study, to identify biomarkers of endogenous origin, which could be linked to smoking related diseases. Automated peak picking, integration, and statistical anal. were conducted by the software tools MZmine, Metaboanalyst, and PSPP. The authors could identify 13 significantly altered metabolites in smokers by matching them against MS libraries and authentic standard compounds Most of the identified metabolites, including tyramine, adenosine, and glucose-6-phosphate, could be linked to smoking-related perturbations and may be associated with established detrimental effects of smoking. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Methylbenzamido)acetic acid(cas: 27115-50-0).Category: amides-buliding-blocks

The Article related to tobacco smoking saliva metabolomics biomarker, Toxicology: Tobacco and other aspects.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On September 30, 2015, Jain, Ram B. published an article.Safety of 2-(4-Methylbenzamido)acetic acid The title of the article was Distributions of selected urinary metabolites of volatile organic compounds by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and smoking status in a representative sample of U.S. adults. And the article contained the following:

Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2011-2012 were used to evaluate variability in the observed levels of 19 urinary metabolites of 15 parent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Smokers were found to have statistically significantly higher adjusted levels than nonsmokers for selected urinary metabolites of acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, carbon-disulfide, crotonaldehyde, cyanide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethylbenzene-styrene, propylene oxide, styrene, and xylene. Female nonsmokers were found to have lower adjusted levels of selected metabolites of acrolein, carbon-disulfide, and N,N-dimethylformamide than male nonsmokers but female smokers had higher levels of each of these metabolites than male smokers. In addition, female smokers also had higher adjusted levels of selected metabolites of 1,3-butadiene, crotonaldehyde, cyanide, and ethylbenzene-styrene. Thus, constituents other than VOCs in tobacco smoke affect excretion of certain VOC metabolites differently among males and females. Non-Hispanic whites (NHW) had higher adjusted levels than non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) for 8 metabolites. NHB had statistically significantly lower adjusted levels than Hispanics for 5 VOC metabolites and lower levels than non-Hispanic Asians (NHAS) for 6 metabolites. Hispanics had statistically significantly higher levels than NHAS for 5 metabolites. Levels of 11 of the 19 metabolites analyzed increased with increase in age. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home was associated with increased levels of 9 metabolites. Increase in the number of days tobacco products were used during the last five days was associated with increased levels of 12 of the 19 VOC metabolites. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Methylbenzamido)acetic acid(cas: 27115-50-0).Safety of 2-(4-Methylbenzamido)acetic acid

The Article related to volatile organic compound urine metabolite human adult smoking, lifestyles, nhanes, smoking, urinary metabolites of volatile organic compounds, Toxicology: Tobacco and other aspects.Safety of 2-(4-Methylbenzamido)acetic acid

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On July 5, 2021, Tirmazi, Syed Azhar Ali Shah; Qadir, Muhammad Abdul; Ahmed, Mahmood; Imran, Muhammad; Hussain, Riaz; Sharif, Mehwish; Yousaf, Muhammad; Muddassar, Muhammad published an article.Synthetic Route of 144-80-9 The title of the article was Levofloxacin and sulfa drugs linked via Schiff bases: Exploring their urease inhibition, enzyme kinetics and in silico studies. And the article contained the following:

Involvement of urease in various pathol. conditions specifically in gastric and peptic ulcers make it an important therapeutic target. In the present study urease inhibition was investigated by newly designed Schiff bases of levofloxacin. Structure elucidation of these compounds were done by spectral studies such as IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and elemental anal. In vitro urease enzyme inhibition assay revealed the compounds LS01, LS06 and LS07 were found to be the most potent and showed comparable IC50 values 0.58±0.11, 0.45±0.21μM and 0.52±0.28μM resp. The compound LS06 was competitive inhibitor with Ki value 1.13μM while the compounds LS01 and LS07 were mixed type of inhibitors with Ki values 3.40 and 6.03μM resp. Plausible binding mode of competitive inhibitor was predicted using mol. docking studies. Ancillary to synthetic studies, d. functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis sets in ground state is utilized in order to gain optimized geometries of LS01-LS09 mols. Different geometric parameters like mol. electrostatic potential anal., alignment of HOMO and LUMO levels, natural bonding orbital (NBO) anal. and global descriptor of reactivity were performed in support of exptl. findings. All DFT based computed results showed best agreement with exptl. finding and suggest that all synthesized compounds are chem. stable. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide(cas: 144-80-9).Synthetic Route of 144-80-9

The Article related to urease levofloxacin schiff bases enzyme kinetics inhibition, Pharmacology: Methods and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 144-80-9

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ernawati, Teni; Radji, Maksum; Hanafi, Muhammad; Mun’im, Abdul; Yanuar, Arry published an article in 2017, the title of the article was Cinnamic acid derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitor agents.HPLC of Formula: 456-12-2 And the article contains the following content:

This paper reviews biol. activity of some cinnamic acid derivative compounds which are isolated from natural materials and synthesized from the chem. compounds as an agent of α-glucosidase inhibitors for the antidiabetic drug. Aegeline, anhydroaegeline and aeglinoside B are natural products isolated compounds that have potential as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. Meanwhile, α-glucosidase inhibitor class of derivatives of cinnamic acid synthesized compounds are p-methoxy cinnamic acid and p-methoxyethyl cinnamate. Chem., cinnamic acid has three main functional groups: first is the substitution of the Ph group, second is the additive reaction into the α-β unsaturated, and third is the chem. reaction with carboxylic acid functional groups. The synthesis and modification of the structure of cinnamic acid are very influential in inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cinnamamide(cas: 456-12-2).HPLC of Formula: 456-12-2

The Article related to review cinnamic acid derivative alpha glucosidase inhibitor antidiabetic, Pharmacology: Reviews and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 456-12-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On June 22, 2020, Palazzesi, Ferruccio; Hermann, Markus R.; Grundl, Marc A.; Pautsch, Alexander; Seeliger, Daniel; Tautermann, Christofer S.; Weber, Alexander published an article.Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloroacetamide The title of the article was BIreactive: A Machine-Learning Model to Estimate Covalent Warhead Reactivity. And the article contained the following:

In the past decade, the pharmaceutical industry has paid closer attention to covalent drugs. Differently from standard noncovalent drugs, these compounds can exhibit peculiar properties, such as higher potency or longer duration of target inhibition with a potentially lower dosage. These properties are mainly driven by the reactive functional group present in the compound, the so-called warhead that forms a covalent bond with a specific nucleophilic amino-acid on the target. In this work, we report the possibility to combine ab initio activation energies with machine-learning to estimate covalent compound intrinsic reactivity. The idea behind this approach is to have a precise estimation of the transition state barriers, and thus of the compound reactivity, but with the speed of a machine-learning algorithm. We call this method “BIreactive”. Here, we demonstrate this approach on acrylamides and 2-chloroacetamides, two warhead classes that possess different reaction mechanisms. In combination with our recently implemented truncation algorithm, we also demonstrate the possibility to use BIreactive not only for fragments but also for lead-like mols. The generic nature of this approach allows also the extension to several other warheads. The combination of these factors makes BIreactive a valuable tool for the covalent drug discovery process in a pharmaceutical context. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Chloroacetamide(cas: 79-07-2).Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloroacetamide

The Article related to machine learning covalent warhead reactive functional group acrylamide derivative, Pharmacology: Methods and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloroacetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On April 15, 2021, Vulichi, Srinivasa R.; Kabra, Atul; Kumar, Rupak; Suman, Kapur; Rao, Chunduri Venkata; Cruz-Martins, Natalia published an article.Recommanded Product: N-(2-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cinnamamide The title of the article was Concise perspectives on some synthetic thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives and their specific pharmacodynamic aspects. And the article contained the following:

A review. Glitazones are synthetic derivatives of thiazolidinedione, and are designated as oral anti-diabetic agents, primarily acting on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) receptors and driving some crucial metabolic pathways linked to glucose and lipid metabolism at transcriptional level. Despite presenting adverse effects, including weight gain, fluid retention, prostate hyperplasia, hyperinsulinemia, and myocardial infarction, they are still preferred in clin. settings due to their utmost efficacy and selectivity. However, these complications kept glitazones restrained for long-term usage. The present review briefly highlights some important synthetic derivatives of thiazolidine2,4-dione and emphasizes the influence of various structural manipulations on their bio-efficacy. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cinnamamide(cas: 456-12-2).Recommanded Product: N-(2-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cinnamamide

The Article related to review oncise thiazolidine dione derivative pharmacodynamic aspect, anti-diabetic, insulin resistance, ppar-γ, side effects, thiazolidinedione, Pharmacology: Reviews and other aspects.Recommanded Product: N-(2-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cinnamamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics