Month: November 2022

Nicotinamide pathways as the root cause of sepsis – an evolutionary perspective on macrophage energetic shifts was written by Suchard, Melinda S.;Savulescu, Dana M.. And the article was included in FEBS Journal in 2022.Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Divergent pathways of macrophage metabolism occur during infection, notably switching between oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg-like metabolism). Concurrently, macrophages shift between alternate and classical activation. A key enzyme upregulated in alternatively activated macrophages is indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which converts tryptophan to kynurenine for de novo synthesis of nicotinamide. Nicotinamide can be used to replenish cellular NAD⁺ supplies. We hypothesize that an insufficient cellular NAD⁺ supply is the root cause of metabolic shifts in macrophages. We assert that manipulation of nicotinamide pathways may correct deleterious immune responses. We propose evaluation of nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) and analogs, including isoniazid, NMN, and nicotinamide riboside, as potential therapy for infectious causes of sepsis, including COVID-19. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nicotinamide pathways as the root cause of sepsis – an evolutionary perspective on macrophage energetic shifts was written by Suchard, Melinda S.;Savulescu, Dana M.. And the article was included in FEBS Journal in 2022.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Divergent pathways of macrophage metabolism occur during infection, notably switching between oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg-like metabolism). Concurrently, macrophages shift between alternate and classical activation. A key enzyme upregulated in alternatively activated macrophages is indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which converts tryptophan to kynurenine for de novo synthesis of nicotinamide. Nicotinamide can be used to replenish cellular NAD⁺ supplies. We hypothesize that an insufficient cellular NAD⁺ supply is the root cause of metabolic shifts in macrophages. We assert that manipulation of nicotinamide pathways may correct deleterious immune responses. We propose evaluation of nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) and analogs, including isoniazid, NMN, and nicotinamide riboside, as potential therapy for infectious causes of sepsis, including COVID-19. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hepatoprotective amide constituents from the fruit of Piper chaba: Structural requirements, mode of action, and new amides was written by Matsuda, Hisashi;Ninomiya, Kiyofumi;Morikawa, Toshio;Yasuda, Daisuke;Yamaguchi, Itadaki;Yoshikawa, Masayuki. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2009.Recommanded Product: (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The 80% aqueous acetone extract from the fruit of Piper chaba (Piperaceae) was found to have hepatoprotective effects on -galactosamine (-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice. From the Et acetate-soluble fraction, three new amides, piperchabamides E, G, and H, 33 amides, and four aromatic constituents were isolated. Among the isolates, several amide constituents inhibited -GalN/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced death of hepatocytes, and the following structural requirements were suggested: (i) the amide moiety is essential for potent activity; and (ii) the 1,9-decadiene structure between the benzene ring and the amide moiety tended to enhance the activity. Moreover, a principal constituent, piperine, exhibited strong in vivo hepatoprotective effects at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, po and its mode of action was suggested to depend on the reduced sensitivity of hepatocytes to TNF-α. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Recommanded Product: (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New nitro-benzo[c]phenanthridine and indolopyridoquinazoline alkaloids from Zanthoxylum atchoum was written by Akoua Yao-Kouassi, Philomene;Caron, Catherine;Ramiarantsoa, Harisolo;Prost, Elise;Harakat, Dominique;Le Magrex-Debar, Elisabeth;Gangloff, Sophie C.;Ahibo Coffy, Antoine;Zeches-Hanrot, Monique. And the article was included in Comptes Rendus Chimie in 2015.Name: (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The first phytochem. investigation of the roots of Zanthoxylum atchoum has led to the isolation of two new nitro-benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids 6-nitronitidine (1) and 6-nitro-8-methoxy-7,8-dihydronitidine (2), two new salts of indolopyridoquinazoline alkaloids 3-hydroxy-8,13-dihydro-14-methyl-5-oxo-7H-indolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-14-ium (3) and its zwitterionic form 3-phenolate-8,13-dihydro-14-methyl-5-oxo-7H-indolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-14-ium (4) along with 18 (5-22) known compounds Their chem. structures were elucidated by spectroscopic anal. including 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques. This is the first report of the nitro group on the biosynthesis of the natural benzo[c]phenantridine alkaloids. Compound 2 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC₅₀ = 4 μg·mL^-1. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Name: (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Name: (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Isolation and Identification of Antiplatelet Aggregatory Principles from the Leaves of Piper lolot was written by Li, Chia-Ying;Tsai, Wei-Jern;Damu, Amooru Gangaiah;Lee, E-Jian;Wu, Tian-Shung;Dung, Nguyen Xuan;Thang, Tran Dinh;Thanh, Le. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2007.Synthetic Route of C14H25NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The methanolic extract of Piper lolot, having shown potent inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and platelet activating factor (PAF), was subjected to activity-guided isolation to yield twelve new amide alkaloids, piperlotine A-L (1-12), along with twenty-nine known compounds Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic anal. The isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity on the rabbit platelet aggregation. The compounds piperlotine A (I), piperlotine C, piperlotine D, piperlotine E, 3-phenyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one (21), 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one (22), 1-trans-cinnamoylpyrrolidine (24), sarmentine (26), pellitorine (27), Me 3-phenylpropionate (32), and (10S)-10-hydroxypheophorbide a Me ester (40) showed potent antiplatelet aggregation activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Synthetic Route of C14H25NO).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Synthetic Route of C14H25NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Piper longum L. and their vascular relaxation effect on rat mesenteric arteries was written by Li, Dan;Wang, Rui;Cheng, Xiaohan;Yang, Jianfeng;Yang, Yihui;Qu, Huichong;Li, Sen;Lin, Shan;Wei, Donghua;Bai, Yuhua;Zheng, Xiaodong. And the article was included in Natural Product Research in 2022.Recommanded Product: (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Eight compounds were obtained from the dry fruits of Piper longum L., and their potential vascular relaxant activities were explored. The present study first revealed the access of Rosin and Piperchabaoside in the medicinal plant Piper longum L. The vessel tension studies showed that Piperine, (2E,4E,14Z)-N-isobutyleicosa-2,4,14-trienamide, and Piperlonguminine exerted significant inhibitory effects on PE-induced mesenteric artery vasoconstriction. Furthermore, Calcium Imaging studies were applied to observe the effect of Piperine on the intracellular calcium in mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells (MASMCs). Piperine was observed to promote the influx of extracellular calcium in MASMCs, and via an endothelium-independent mechanism involving Ca²⁺ entry. Piper longum L. might have a great potential to be further studied as a vascular relaxant, even to be a drug candidate of anti-hypertension. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Recommanded Product: (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Recommanded Product: (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery of 1-[2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]-3-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)urea as a potent NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) activator with attenuated CYP inhibition was written by Akiu, Mayuko;Tsuji, Takashi;Sogawa, Yoshitaka;Terayama, Koji;Yokoyama, Mika;Tanaka, Jun;Asano, Daigo;Sakurai, Ken;Sergienko, Eduard;Sessions, E. Hampton;Gardell, Stephen J.;Pinkerton, Anthony B.;Nakamura, Tsuyoshi. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2021.Recommanded Product: ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the NAD⁺ salvage pathway. Since NAD⁺ plays a pivotal role in many biol. processes including metabolism and aging, activation of NAMPT is an attractive therapeutic target for treatment of diverse array of diseases. Herein, we report the continued optimization of novel urea-containing derivatives which were identified as potent NAMPT activators. Early optimization of HTS hits afforded compound 12 (I) , with a triazolopyridine core, as a lead compound CYP direct inhibition (DI) was identified as an issue of concern, and was resolved through modulation of lipophilicity to culminate in 1-[2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]-3-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)urea (21, II), which showed potent NAMPT activity accompanied with attenuated CYP DI towards multiple CYP isoforms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Recommanded Product: ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Recommanded Product: ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

LC-MS N-alkylamide profiling of an ethanolic Anacyclus pyrethrum root extract. was written by Boonen, Jente;Sharma, Vikas;Dixit, Vinod Kumar;Burvenich, Christian;De Spiegeleer, Bart. And the article was included in Planta medica in 2012.COA of Formula: C14H25NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An N-alkylamide profiling from an ethanolic Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. root extract was performed using a gradient reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography/UV/electrospray-ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry (HPLC/UV/ESI-MS) method on an embedded polar column. MS1 and MS2 fragmentation data were used for identification purposes while UV was used for quantification. Thirteen N-alkylamides (five N-isobutylamides, three N-methyl isobutylamides, four tyramides and one 2-phenylethylamide) were detected. Six of them, identified as undeca-2E,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide, undeca-2E,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid N-methyl isobutylamide, tetradeca-2E,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid tyramide, deca-2E,4E-dienoic acid N-methyl isobutylamide, tetradeca-2E,4E,XE/Z-trienoic acid tyramide and tetradeca-2E,4E,XE/Z,YE/Z-tetraenoic isobutylamide, are novel compounds which have never been reported before from Anacyclus pyrethrum. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7COA of Formula: C14H25NO).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.COA of Formula: C14H25NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification and simultaneous quantification of five alkaloids in Piper longum L. by HPLC-ESI-MSⁿ and UFLC-ESI-MS/MS and their application to Piper nigrum L. was written by Liu, Hao-Long;Luo, Rong;Chen, Xiao-Qing;Ba, Yin-Ying;Zheng, Li;Guo, Wei-Wei;Wu, Xia. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2015.Reference of 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A simple, effective and suitable UFLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of 5 characteristic alkaloids (piperine, piperlonguminine, Δα,β-dihydropiperlonguminine, pellitorine, piperanine) in Piper longum and Piper nigrum. The MS detection was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring scan mode. The method had good specificity, linearity (R² >0.995), stability (RSD <2.53%), repeatability (RSD <2.58%), and recovery (90.0-103.5%). The limits of detection and quantification of the 5 alkaloids ranged 0.02-0.03 and 0.05-0.10 ng/mL, resp. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 9.30 and 9.55%, resp. The validation results confirmed that the method could simultaneously determine the target alkaloids in the samples. The alkaloid identities were verified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Compared with P. nigrum, P. longum had lower piperine content but was richer in the other four alkaloids. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Reference of 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Reference of 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide from Xylose via Coupling Engineered Escherichia coli and a Biocatalytic Cascade was written by Ngivprom, Utumporn;Lasin, Praphapan;Khunnonkwao, Panwana;Worakaensai, Suphanida;Jantama, Kaemwich;Kamkaew, Anyanee;Lai, Rung-Yi. And the article was included in ChemBioChem in 2022.Electric Literature of C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

β-NMN (NMN) has recently gained attention for a nutritional supplement because it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of NAD (NAD⁺). In this study, we developed NMN synthesis by coupling two modules. The first module is to culture E. coli MG1655 tktA tktB ptsG to metabolize xylose to generate D-ribose in the medium. The supernatant containing D-ribose was applied in the second module which is composed of EcRbsK-EcPRPS-CpNAMPT reaction to synthesize NMN, that requires addnl. enzymes of CHU0107 and EcPPase to remove feedback inhibitors ADP and pyrophosphate. The second module can be rapidly optimized by comparing NMN production determined by the cyanide assay. Finally, 10 mL optimal biocascade reaction generated NMN with a good yield of 84 % from 1 mM D-ribose supplied from the supernatant of E. coli MG1655 tktA tktB ptsG. Our results can further guide researchers to metabolically engineer E. coli for NMN synthesis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Electric Literature of C11H15N2O8P).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Electric Literature of C11H15N2O8P

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics