Month: November 2022

Chantell, Christina A. published the artcileLow-cost, automated synthesis of a PNA-peptide conjugate on a peptide synthesizer, Product Details of C40H35N7O8, the publication is American Biotechnology Laboratory (2009), 27(8), 8-10, database is CAplus.

Two peptide nucleic acid (PNA) sequences, one containing a lysine residue at the C-terminus and the other containing a peptide analog of LH-releasing hormone, were synthesized in an automated peptide synthesizer. The PNA sequence was constructed from protected monomers, Fmoc-A(Bhoc)aeg-OH, Fmoc-C(Bhoc)aeg-OH, Fmoc-G(Bhoc)aeg-OH and Fmoc-T-aeg-OH, which were coupled to Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-Wang resin using HATU as a coupling reagent. This work demonstrated the successful automated synthesis of a PNA sequence and a PNA-peptide conjugate on “Prelude” automated peptide synthesizer which enabled minimizing overall consumption and costs.

American Biotechnology Laboratory published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C40H35N7O8, Product Details of C40H35N7O8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Schweiger, K. published the artcileHeterocycles, 52. Reaction of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-thiazine-2-thione with secondary amines, Product Details of C5H10N2OS, the publication is Monatshefte fuer Chemie (1977), 108(1), 243-55, database is CAplus.

The title compound reacted with secondary amines via the dialkylammonium-3-oxoalkyldithiocarbamate, either via isothiocyanates to 4-dialkylaminodihydro-2(1H)-pyridinethiones I (NRR1 = Et2N, piperidino, morpholino, 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl, etc.) or to dialkylammonium dithiocarbamates, depending on the amine used and the reaction conditions. Subsequently, 6-dialkylaminotetrahydro-1,3-thiazine-2-thiones II (NRR1 = morpholino, 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) or tetrahydro-6-mercapto-1,3-thiazine-2-thione were formed. On being heated to reflux, II gave I and 4-dialkylaminodihydrothiopyranthione III. With secondary amines only dithiocarbamates were formed from tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-3,4,4,6-tetramethyl-1,3-thiazine-2-thione. The reaction of 5,6-dihydro-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-thiazine-2-thione with secondary amines gave N,N-dialkylthioureas or dialkylammonium thiocyanates; with dialkylformamides, 4-dialkylaminodihydropyridinethiones I were formed. 5,6-Dihyro-3,4,4,6-tetramethyl-1,3-thiazine-2-thione did not react with secondary amines or with dialkylformamides.

Monatshefte fuer Chemie published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C12H13NO3, Product Details of C5H10N2OS.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Peng, Meng-Ling published the artcileRecovery of complete left bundle branch block in a dilated cardiomyopathy patient after treatment with sacubitril/valsartan: A case report., Category: amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Medicine (2022), 101(27), e29330, database is MEDLINE.

RATIONALE: The treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has recently been greatly improved, especially with the widespread use of sacubitril/valsartan (ARNI) combination therapy. We know that ARNI-like drugs can significantly improve the symptoms of heart failure with reducing ejection fraction. However, clinical studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of ARNI in DCM-associated arrhythmia are limited, and whether individuals with arrhythmia would benefit from ARNI remains controversial. In this case, we report a patient with complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) associated with DCM whose CLBBB returned to normal after treatment with ARNI. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 38-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for 20 days for idiopathic paroxysmal dyspnea. He presented with exacerbated dyspnea symptoms at night, accompanied by cough and sputum. DIAGNOSIS: Physical examination revealed a grade 4/6 systolic murmur could be heard in the apical area of the heart and mild edema was present in both lower limbs. Laboratory examination found that the B-type natriuretic peptide was significantly increased. Echocardiography indicated left atrial internal diameter, right ventricular internal diameter, and left ventricular diastolic diameter were enlarged and ejection fraction was significantly decreased. Besides, the pulsation of the wall was diffusely attenuated. Electrocardiogram was suggestive of tachycardia and CLBBB. A diagnosis of DCM with CLBBB was considered based on a comprehensive evaluation of the physical examination, laboratory examination, echocardiography and electrocardiogram. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with ARNI at a dose of 50 mg (twice a day) at first, gradually increasing to the target dose (200 mg, twice a day) in the following 9 months as shown in Table 1, along with metoprolol 25 mg (once a day [qd]), diuretics 20 mg (qd), and aldosterone 20 mg (qd). OUTCOMES: After treatment with ARNI during the 9-month follow-up, the patient’s symptoms improved, and CLBBB returned to normal. LESSONS: Clinical studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of ARNI in DCM-associated arrhythmia are limited, and whether individuals with arrhythmia would benefit from ARNI remains controversial. This report will help to instruct the clinical treatment of DCM patients with CLBBB and the potential application of ARNI.

Medicine published new progress about 137862-53-4. 137862-53-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class GPCR/G Protein,Angiotensin Receptor, name is (S)-2-(N-((2′-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C24H29N5O3, Category: amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Tianqi published the artcileArachidonic acid metabolism and kidney inflammation, Safety of [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, the publication is International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2019), 20(15), 3683, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. As a major component of cell membrane lipids, Arachidonic acid (AA), being a major component of the cell membrane lipid content, is mainly metabolized by three kinds of enzymes: cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P 450 (CYP450) enzymes. Based on these three metabolic pathways, AA could be converted into various metabolites that trigger different inflammatory responses. In the kidney, prostaglandins (PG), thromboxane (Tx), leukotrienes (LTs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are the major metabolites generated from AA. An increased level of prostaglandins (PGs), TxA2 and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) results in inflammatory damage to the kidney. Moreover, the LTB4-leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) axis participates in the acute kidney injury via mediating the recruitment of renal neutrophils. In addition, AA can regulate renal ion transport through 19-hydroxystilbenetetraenoic acid (19-HETE) and 20-HETE, both of which are produced by cytochrome P 450 monooxygenase. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) generated by the CYP450 enzyme also plays a paramount role in the kidney damage during the inflammation process. For example, 14 and 15-EET mitigated ischemia/reperfusion-caused renal tubular epithelial cell damage. Many drug candidates that target the AA metabolism pathways are being developed to treat kidney inflammation. These observations support an extraordinary interest in a wide range of studies on drug interventions aiming to control AA metabolism and kidney inflammation.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C9H14BNO4S, Safety of [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tong, Ruoming published the artcileEfficient degradation of sulfachloropyridazine by sulfite activation with CuO-Al₂O₃ composites under neutral pH conditions: Radical and non-radical, Formula: C2H4ClNO, the publication is Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (2022), 10(2), 107276, database is CAplus.

In this work, CuO-Al₂O₃ composites were synthesized at higher temperatures to control the leaching of metal ions, which can activate sulfite (S(IV)) to degrade organic contaminants by generating reactive oxygen species (ROSs). The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform IR spectrophotometry. Sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) was almost completely removed (>99%) at pH 6.8, and the leaching amount of Cu accounted for 0.027% of the total amount of Cu after the reaction. Notably, singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was found for the first time in the activated sulfite system, which removed organic pollutants together with sulfate (SO₄^·- ) and hydroxyl (·OH) radicals. And Al₂O₃ plays an important role in the catalyst, including anti-sintering, reducing the leaching of copper ions, and promoting the generation of oxygen vacancies. Based on the types of ROSs and XPS results, a possible ROSs generation mechanism was proposed. In addition, the stability of the catalyst and the effect of different factors on the degradation of SCP, including operating parameters and water quality, were further investigated. The intermediates were detected by using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry and a developmental toxicity assessment of the intermediates was defined based on the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST). Overall, this paper not only provides a new strategy for sulfite activation but also promotes more attention to non-radical processes in activated sulfite systems.

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C7H8BFO2, Formula: C2H4ClNO.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ren, Shijin published the artcileAn exploratory study of the use of multivariate techniques to determine mechanisms of toxic action, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (2003), 55(1), 86-97, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The most successful quant. structure-activity relationships have been developed by separating compounds by their mechanisms of toxic action (MOAs). However, to correctly determine the MOA of a compound is often not easy. The authors investigated the usefulness of discriminant anal. and logistic regression in determining MOAs. The discriminating variables used were the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log K_ow) and the exptl. toxicity data obtained from Pimephales promelas and Tetrahymena pyriformis assays. Small total error rates were obtained when separating nonpolar narcotic compounds from other compounds, however, relatively high total error rates were obtained when separating less reactive compounds (polar, ester, and amine narcotics) from more reactive compounds (electrophiles, proelectrophiles, and nucleophiles).

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety published new progress about 2447-79-2. 2447-79-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Benzene,Amide, name is 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide, and the molecular formula is C7H5Cl2NO, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Castineiras, Alfonso published the artcileMulticomponent Solids of DL-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic Acid and Pyridinecarboxamides, Recommanded Product: Isonicotinamide, the publication is Crystals (2022), 12(2), 142, database is CAplus.

We prepared cocrystals of DL-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (D, L-H2ma) with the pyridinecarboxamide isomers, picolinamide (pic) and isonicotinamide (inam). They were characterized by elemental anal., single crystal and powder X-ray, IR spectroscopy and ¹H and ¹³C NMR. The crystal and mol. structures of (pic)-(D-H₂ma) (1), (nam)-(L-H₂ma) (2) and (inam)-(L-H₂ma) (3) were studied. The crystal packing is stabilized primarily by hydrogen bonding and in some cases through π-πstacking interactions. The anal. of crystal structures reveals the existence of the characteristic heterosynthons with the binding motif R²₂(8) (primary amide-carboxilic acid) between pyridinecarboxamide mols. and the acid. Other synthons involve hydrogen bonds such as O-H(carboxyl)···N(pyridine) and O-H(hydroxyl)···N(pyridine) depending on the isomer. The packing of 1 and 3 is formed by tetramers, for whose formation a crystallization mechanism based on two stages is proposed, involving an amide-acid (1) or amide-amide (3) mol. recognition in the first stage and the formation of others, and interdimeric hydrogen bonding interactions in the second. The thermal stability of the cocrystals was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Further studies were conducted to evaluate other physicochem. properties of the cocrystals in comparison to the pure coformers. D.-functional theory (DFT) calculations (including NCIplot and QTAIM analyses) were performed to further characterize and rationalize the noncovalent interactions.

Crystals published new progress about 1453-82-3. 1453-82-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is Isonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, Recommanded Product: Isonicotinamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xiong, Hui published the artcileEfficient synthesis of a 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane based GlyT1 uptake inhibitor, Application In Synthesis of 100377-32-0, the publication is Tetrahedron Letters (2010), 51(51), 6741-6744, database is CAplus.

An efficient synthetic route based on generation and subsequent electrophilic reaction of a Boc-protected azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane anion to prepare a potent GlyT1 uptake inhibitor I is described.

Tetrahedron Letters published new progress about 100377-32-0. 100377-32-0 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is N-Methoxy-N-methylisonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, Application In Synthesis of 100377-32-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Berzins, Karlis published the artcileLow-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy as an Avenue to Determine the Transition Temperature of β- and γ-Relaxation in Pharmaceutical Glasses, Product Details of C17H14F3N3O2S, the publication is Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) (2022), 94(23), 8241-8248, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In an earlier investigation, low-frequency Raman (LFR) spectroscopy was shown to detect the transition temperature of the β-relaxation (T_β) in both amorphous celecoxib and various celecoxib amorphous solid dispersions []. In this study, we further investigated the application of this technique to determine T_β, an important parameter for estimating crystallization potency of amorphous drugs. Alongside com. available amorphous drugs (zafirlukast and valsartan disodium salt), differently melt-quenched samples of cimetidine were also analyzed. Overall, the variable-temperature LFR measurements allowed for an easy access to the desired information, including the even lesser transition of the tertiary relaxation motions (T_γ). Thus, the obtained results not only highlighted the sensitivity, but also the practical usefulness of this technique to elucidate (subtle) changes in mol. dynamics within amorphous pharmaceutical systems.

Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about 169590-42-5. 169590-42-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sulfamide,Immunology/Inflammation,COX, name is 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, and the molecular formula is C17H14F3N3O2S, Product Details of C17H14F3N3O2S.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Berzins, Karlis published the artcileLow-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy as an Avenue to Determine the Transition Temperature of β- and γ-Relaxation in Pharmaceutical Glasses, Category: amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) (2022), 94(23), 8241-8248, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In an earlier investigation, low-frequency Raman (LFR) spectroscopy was shown to detect the transition temperature of the β-relaxation (T_β) in both amorphous celecoxib and various celecoxib amorphous solid dispersions []. In this study, we further investigated the application of this technique to determine T_β, an important parameter for estimating crystallization potency of amorphous drugs. Alongside com. available amorphous drugs (zafirlukast and valsartan disodium salt), differently melt-quenched samples of cimetidine were also analyzed. Overall, the variable-temperature LFR measurements allowed for an easy access to the desired information, including the even lesser transition of the tertiary relaxation motions (T_γ). Thus, the obtained results not only highlighted the sensitivity, but also the practical usefulness of this technique to elucidate (subtle) changes in mol. dynamics within amorphous pharmaceutical systems.

Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about 137862-53-4. 137862-53-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class GPCR/G Protein,Angiotensin Receptor, name is (S)-2-(N-((2′-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C24H29N5O3, Category: amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics