Month: November 2022

Tilby, Michael J. published the artcilePhotocatalytic Late-Stage Functionalization of Sulfonamides via Sulfonyl Radical Intermediates, Safety of 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, the publication is ACS Catalysis (2022), 12(10), 6060-6067, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A plethora of drug mols. and agrochems. contain the sulfonamide functional group. However, sulfonamides are seldom viewed as synthetically useful functional groups. To confront this limitation, a late-stage functionalization strategy is described, which allows sulfonamides to be converted to pivotal sulfonyl radical intermediates. This methodol. exploits a metal-free photocatalytic approach to access radical chem., which is harnessed by combining pharmaceutically relevant sulfonamides with an assortment of alkene fragments. Addnl., the sulfinate anion can be readily obtained, further broadening the options for sulfonamide functionalization. Mechanistic studies suggest that energy-transfer catalysis (EnT) is in operation.

ACS Catalysis published new progress about 169590-42-5. 169590-42-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sulfamide,Immunology/Inflammation,COX, name is 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, and the molecular formula is C17H16O2, Safety of 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Moschos, Marilita M. published the artcileThe role of historic deacetylase inhibitors in uveal melanoma: current evidence, Recommanded Product: 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, the publication is Anticancer Research (2018), 38(7), 3817-3824, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults, representing approx. 3% of all melanoma cases. Despite progress in chemotherapy, radiation and surgical treatment options, the prognosis and survival rates remain poor. Acetylation of historic proteins causes transcription of genes involved in cell growth, DNA replication and progression of cell cycle. Overexpression of histone deacetylases occurs in a wide spectrum of malignancies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors block the action of histone deaceiylases, leading to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. This article reviewed the potential therapeutic efects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on uveal melanoma. MEDLINE database was used under the key words/phrases: histone deacetylase, inhibitors, uveal melanoma and targeted therapies for uveal melanoma. A total of 47, English articles, not only referring to uveal melanoma, published up to Feb. 2018 were used. Valproic acid, trichostatin A, tenovin-6, depsipeptide, panobinostat (LBH-589), vorinostat (suberanilohydroxamic acid) entinostat (MS-275), quisinostat, NaB, JSL-I, MC/568 and MC1575 are histone deacetylase inhibitors that have demonstrated promising amitumor effects against uveal melanoma. Histone deacetylase inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treannent of weal melanoma.

Anticancer Research published new progress about 1011557-82-6. 1011557-82-6 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Epigenetics,Sirtuin, name is 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, and the molecular formula is C25H34N4O2S, Recommanded Product: 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Das, Indrajit published the artcileA Peptide Nucleic Acid-Amino-Sugar Conjugate Targeting Transactivation Response Element of HIV-1 RNA Genome Shows a High Bioavailability in Human Cells and Strongly Inhibits Tat-Mediated Transactivation of HIV-1 Transcription, Synthetic Route of 186046-83-3, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2012), 55(13), 6021-6032, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The 6-aminoglucosamine ring of the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin B (ring II) was conjugated to a 16-mer peptide nucleic acid (PNA) targeting HIV-1 TAR RNA. For this purpose, we prepared the aminoglucosamine monomer I and attached it to the protected PNA prior to its cleavage from the solid support. We found that the resulting PNA-aminoglucosamine conjugate is stable under acidic conditions, efficiently taken up by the human cells and fairly distributed in both cytosol and nucleus without endosomal entrapment because co-treatment with endosome-disrupting agent had no effect on its cellular distribution. The conjugate displayed very high target specificity in vitro and strongly inhibited Tat mediated transactivation of HIV-1 LTR transcription in a cell culture system. The unique properties of this new class of PNA conjugate suggest it to be a potential candidate for therapeutic application.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C40H35N7O8, Synthetic Route of 186046-83-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Edward, John T. published the artcileApplicability of the HT acidity function to the protonation of thioamides, thioureas, and thioesters, Quality Control of 64559-06-4, the publication is Canadian Journal of Chemistry (1977), 55(12), 2331-5, database is CAplus.

The protonation of eleven thioamides, five thioureas, and four thionbenzoates in aqueous sulfuric acid follows the HT acidity function. Protonation constants pKTH+ obtained by use of HT agreed fairly well with pKTH+ values obtained by the Bunnett-Olsen method, but less well with those obtained by the Marziano-Cimino-Passerini procedure. Linear free energy relation of pKTH+ values are discussed.

Canadian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 64559-06-4. 64559-06-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Benzene,Amide,Ether, name is 3-Methoxybenzothioamide, and the molecular formula is C8H9NOS, Quality Control of 64559-06-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jackson, Grayson L. published the artcileDesigning Stress-Adaptive Dense Suspensions Using Dynamic Covalent Chemistry, Synthetic Route of 15029-36-4, the publication is Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) (2022), 55(15), 6453-6461, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The non-Newtonian behaviors of dense suspensions are central to their use in technol. and industrial applications and arise from a network of particle-particle contacts that dynamically adapt to imposed shear. Reported herein are studies aimed at exploring how dynamic covalent chem. between particles and the polymeric solvent can be used to tailor such stress-adaptive contact networks, leading to their unusual rheol. behaviors. Specifically, a room temperature dynamic thia-Michael bond is employed to rationally tune the equilibrium constant (K_eq) of the polymeric solvent to the particle interface. It is demonstrated that low K_eq leads to shear thinning, while high K_eq produces antithixotropy, a rare phenomenon where the viscosity increases with shearing time. It is proposed that an increase in K_eq increases the polymer graft d. at the particle surface and that antithixotropy primarily arises from partial debonding of the polymeric graft/solvent from the particle surface and the formation of polymer bridges between particles. Thus, the implementation of dynamic covalent chem. provides a new mol. handle with which to tailor the macroscopic rheol. of suspensions by introducing programmable time dependence. These studies open the door to energy-absorbing materials that not only sense mech. inputs and adjust their dissipation as a function of time or shear rate but also can switch between these two modalities on demand.

Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about 15029-36-4. 15029-36-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Nitrile,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 2-Cyano-N-ethylacetamide, and the molecular formula is C5H8N2O, Synthetic Route of 15029-36-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xu, Yunhui published the artcilePPARα agonist WY-14,643 induces the PLA2/COX-2/ACOX1 pathway to enhance peroxisomal lipid metabolism and ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver in mice, Application In Synthesis of 169590-42-5, the publication is Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (2022), 47-52, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) regulates fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Usually, very-long chain fatty acids are first activated by acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) to generate acyl-CoA for oxidation by acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) in peroxisomes, and the resultant shorter chain fatty acids will be further oxidized in mitochondria. ACS long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) preferentially uses arachidonic acid (AA) as substrates to synthesize arachidonoyl-CoA. Arachidonoyl-CoA is usually esterified into phospholipids. When AA is released by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from phospholipids, it will be used for prostaglandin synthesis by cyclooxygenases (COX). In this study, when PPARα agonist WY-14,643 was mixed in liquid Lieber-DeCarli ethanol or control diets and fed to mice, liver PLA2, COX-2, and ACOX1 were induced but ACSL4 was inhibited, suggesting that AA released by PLA2 from phospholipid will be metabolized to prostaglandin via COX-2 instead of being synthesized into acyl-CoA by ACSL4. However, liver prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major component of prostaglandin, was not increased with the induced COX-2 but decreased by WY-14,643. ACOX1 specific inhibitor mixed in the liquid diets restored both the WY-14,643-suppressed liver TG and PGE2, but COX-2 specific inhibitor celecoxib mixed in the liquid diets reversed the WY-14,643-suppressed liver TG but not liver PGE2 contents. These results suggest that induction of PLA2, COX-2 and ACOX1 orchestrates to increase oxidation of AA/PGE2, which constitutes one new mechanism by which PPARα induces peroxisomal FAO and inhibits ethanol-induced liver fat accumulation.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications published new progress about 169590-42-5. 169590-42-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sulfamide,Immunology/Inflammation,COX, name is 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, and the molecular formula is C7H7IN2O, Application In Synthesis of 169590-42-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Shiyuan published the artcileChitosan hydrogel for controlled crystallization of loaded drug: Role of interplay of assembly processes, Recommanded Product: Isonicotinamide, the publication is Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2022), 128824, database is CAplus.

The utilization of natural polymer gel to achieve drug polymorph control is usually a challenging issue, and the interplay of gelation and crystallization has been neglected in many studies. In this work, a modified chitosan (Cs) hydrogel was used to encapsulate drug Isonicotinamide (IN), where competitive crystallization and gelation was constructed for a better control of different assembly processes. It was found that the crystalline outcome of drug (cocrystals or IN Form I) depends on different crosslinking agents used. Spectral anal. and MD simulation reveal that the interplay of crosslinking effect of Cs, dimerization of crosslinking agents and aggregation of IN determines the crystalline outcome, among which the affinity to crosslinking agents of Cs chain plays the significant role. To our knowledge, it is the first time that Cs hydrogel acts as a template to regulate polymorphism of drug. This work offers a promising way for drug delivery system design.

Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects published new progress about 1453-82-3. 1453-82-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is Isonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, Recommanded Product: Isonicotinamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, Shui-Juan published the artcileIntracerebroventricular injection of leukotriene B₄ attenuates antigen-induced asthmatic response via BLT1 receptor stimulating HPA-axis in sensitized rats, Synthetic Route of 321673-30-7, the publication is Respiratory Research (2010), No pp. given, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Basic and clin. studies suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the neuroendocrine-immune pathway that functionally regulates the chronic inflammatory disease including asthma. Our previous studies showed corresponding changes of cytokines and leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) between brain and lung tissues in antigen-challenged asthmatic rats. Here, we investigated how the increased LTB₄ level in brain interacts with HPA axis in regulating antigen-induced asthmatic response in sensitized rats. Ovalbumin-sensitized rats were challenged by inhalation of antigen. Rats received vehicle, LTB₄ or U75302 (a selective LTB₄ BLT1 receptor inhibitor) was given via intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v) 30 min before challenge. Lung resistance (R_L) and dynamic lung compliance (C_dyn) were measured before and after antigen challenge. Inflammatory response in lung tissue was assessed 24 h after challenge. Expression of CRH mRNA and protein in hypothalamus were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western Blot, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were measured using the ELISA kits. Antigen challenge decreased pulmonary function and induced airway inflammation, evoked HPA axis response in sensitized rats. Administration of LTB₄ via i.c.v markedly attenuated airway contraction and inflammation. Meanwhile, LTB₄ via i.c.v markedly increased CORT and ACTH level in plasma before antigen challenge, and followed by further increases in CORT and ACTH levels in plasma after antigen challenge in sensitized rats. Expression of CRH mRNA and protein in hypothalamus were also significantly increased by LTB₄ via i.c.v in sensitized rats after antigen challenge. These effect were completely blocked by pre-treatment with BLT1 receptor antagonist U75302 (10 ng), but not by BLT2 antagonist LY255283. LTB₄ administered via i.c.v down-regulates the airway contraction response and inflammation through activation of the HPA axis via its BLT1 receptor. This study expands our concept of the regulatory role of intracranial inflammatory mediators in inflammatory diseases including asthma. The favorable effects of LTB₄ on the HPA axis may help to explain the phenomenon of self-relief after an asthmatic attack.

Respiratory Research published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C8H7ClO3, Synthetic Route of 321673-30-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Henry, Ronald A. published the artcileMiscellaneous derivatives of morpholine, Product Details of C5H10N2OS, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (1950), 2806, database is CAplus.

Molar proportions of Ph₂NCOCl and morpholine (I) reacted directly. The mixture heated with H₂O and NaHCO₃ precipitated diphenylcarbamyl morpholide, m. 110-11° (from EtOH). I with RNCS gave the following thioureas: Ph, m. 130.5°; o-tolyl, m. 144.5-5.5°; p-tolyl, m. 151-1.5°; allyl, m. 56-7°. I in EtOH refluxed with picryl chloride gave 90% 4-picrylmorpholine (II), m. 147.5-8.5°, resolidified, and m. at 166-6.5° (from EtOH). II with (NH₄)₂S gave 4-picramylmorpholine, decompose 256° (from EtOH). A solution of I.HCl and KCNS evaporated to dryness, then extracted with absolute EtOH, gave (4-morpholinyl)thiocarbonamide, m. 111.5-12.5°. [O(CH₂.CH₂)₂NCS]₂S₂ (III) and KCN in 40% EtOH refluxed 30 min., then diluted with 50 ml. H₂O, precipitated [O(CH₂.CH₂)₂NCS]₂S, m. 126-6.5° (from EtOH). III and I heated at 120° for 4 hrs., then extracted with H₂O gave [O(CH₂.CH₂)₂N]₂CS.H₂O, m. 89.5-90° (from H₂O).

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C5H10N2OS, Product Details of C5H10N2OS.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Appukkuttan, Prasad published the artcileMicrowave-Enhanced Synthesis of N-Shifted Buflavine Analogues via a Suzuki-Ring-Closing Metathesis Protocol, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Organic Letters (2005), 7(13), 2723-2726, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A novel, microwave-enhanced six-step synthesis was devised for the synthesis of N-shifted buflavine analogs, I (R = H, OMe). Microwave-enhanced Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and ring-closing metathesis reactions were used as the key steps. Microwave irradiation was found to enhance the ring-closing metathesis reaction to generate the otherwise difficultly obtainable medium-sized ring system of the target mols.

Organic Letters published new progress about 146140-95-6. 146140-95-6 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Boronic acid and ester,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Boronic Acids,Boronic Acids,Boronic acid and ester,, name is (2-Pivalamidophenyl)boronic acid, and the molecular formula is C11H16BNO3, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics