Month: November 2022

Long-term treatment of Nicotinamide mononucleotide improved age-related diminished ovary reserve through enhancing the mitophagy level of granulosa cells in mice was written by Huang, Pan;Zhou, Yan;Tang, Weihong;Ren, Caifang;Jiang, Anqi;Wang, Xuxin;Qian, Xin;Zhou, Zhengrong;Gong, Aihua. And the article was included in Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ovarian aging affects the reproductive health of elderly women due to decline in oocyte quality, which is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. NMN (NMN), as a precursor of NAD+, effectively regulate mitochondria metabolism in mice. However, roles of NMN in improving age-related diminished ovary reserve remain to be determined In present study, 4, 8, 12, 24, 40-wk old female ICR mice were collected and a 20-wk-long administration of NMN was conducted to 40-wk-old mice (60WN), meanwhile the control group is given water (60WC). First, we found that 20-wk-long administration of NMN to 40-wk-old mice exhibited anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects on organ structures, along with the improvement of estrus cycle condition and endocrine function. The number of primordial, primary, secondary, antral follicles and corpora luteum of ovaries in 60WN group was significantly increased compared with those in 60WC group. Addnl., the protein and gene expressions of P16 of ovaries were significantly reduced in 60WN group than in 60WC group. the mitochondria biogenesis, autophagy level, and proteases activity enhanced in granulosa cells after 20-wk-administration of NMN. Present results indicate that NMN has the potential to save diminished ovary reserve by long-term treatment, providing a basis for exploring the role of NMN in anti-ovarian aging by enhancing the mitophagy level of granulosa cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7COA of Formula: C11H15N2O8P).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.COA of Formula: C11H15N2O8P

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Untargeted Stable Isotope Probing of the Gut Microbiota Metabolome Using ¹³C-Labeled Dietary Fibers was written by Deng, Pan;Valentino, Taylor;Flythe, Michael D.;Moseley, Hunter N. B.;Leachman, Jacqueline R.;Morris, Andrew J.;Hennig, Bernhard. And the article was included in Journal of Proteome Research in 2021.Application of 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The gut microbiome generates numerous metabolites that exert local effects and enter the circulation to affect the functions of many organs. Despite extensive sequencing-based characterization of the gut microbiome, there remains a lack of understanding of microbial metabolism Here, we developed an untargeted stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) approach for the holistic study of gut microbial metabolites. Viable microbial cells were extracted from fresh mice feces and incubated anaerobically with ¹³C-labeled dietary fibers including inulin or cellulose. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to monitor ¹³C enrichment in metabolites associated with glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide synthesis, and pyruvate catabolism in both microbial cells and the culture medium. We observed the differential use of inulin and cellulose as substrates for biosynthesis of essential and non-essential amino acids, neurotransmitters, vitamin B5, and other coenzymes. Specifically, the use of inulin for these biosynthetic pathways was markedly more efficient than the use of cellulose, reflecting distinct metabolic pathways of dietary fibers in the gut microbiome, which could be related with host effects. This technol. facilitates deeper and holistic insights into the metabolic function of the gut microbiome (Metabolomic Workbench Study ID: ST001651). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Application of 1094-61-7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Application of 1094-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biological evaluation of natural and synthesized homovanillic acid esters as inhibitors of intestinal fatty acid uptake in differentiated Caco-2 cells was written by Lieder, Barbara;Hans, Joachim;Hentschel, Fabia;Geissler, Katrin;Ley, Jakob. And the article was included in Molecules in 2019.Formula: C14H25NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The modulation of fatty acid uptake by enterocytes represents a promising target for body weight maintenance. Recent results demonstrated that the trigeminal active compounds capsaicin, nonivamide, and trans-pellitorine dose-dependently reduce fatty acid uptake in differentiated Caco-2 cells as a model for the intestinal barrier. However, non-pungent alternatives have not been investigated and structural determinants for the modulation of intestinal fatty acid uptake have not been identified so far. Thus, based on the previous results, we synthesized 23 homovanillic acid esters in addition to the naturally occurring capsiate and screened them for their potential to reduce intestinal fatty acid uptake using the fluorescent fatty acid analog Bodipy-C12 in differentiated Caco-2 cells as an enterocyte model. Whereas pre-incubation with 100μM capsiate did not change fatty acid uptake by Caco-2 enterocytes, a maximum inhibition of -47% was reached using 100μM 1-methylpentyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetate. Structural anal. of the 24 structural analogs tested in the present study revealed that a branched fatty acid side chain, independent of the chain length, is one of the most important structural motifs associated with inhibition of fatty acid uptake in Caco-2 enterocytes. The results of the present study may serve as an important basis for designing potent dietary inhibitors of fatty acid uptake. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Formula: C14H25NO).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Formula: C14H25NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cytotoxicity evaluation and characterization of chloroform extract of leaf of Piper sarmentosum possessing antiangiogenic activity was written by Hussain, Khalid;Ismail, Zhari;Sadikun, Amirin;Ibrahim, Pazillah. And the article was included in Pharmacologyonline in 2009.Application of 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The chloroform extract of leaves of Piper sarmentosum, a traditional medicinal plant, have shown promising antiangiogenic activity, IC₅₀ 45 μg/mL. Therefore, present study aimed to investigate the extract to rule out the probability of the involvement of cell death in the activity, and characterize the extract using colorimetry, gas chromatog. time of the flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) and high performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC). Different concentrations of the extract were evaluated by MTT cell-viability assay using human hepatic carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and human umbilical vascular endothelial cell line (HUVEC). Vincristine sulfate (IC₅₀ 0.016 μg/mL) was used as a pos. control. The extract exhibited IC₅₀ 76.24 μg/mL for HepG2 cells and 64.43 μg/mL for HUVEC. These IC₅₀ values were found to be higher than IC₅₀ (45 μg/mL) of the extract for antiangiogenic activity. The extract was analyzed for total amide content using colorimetric method and to characterize two main peaks by GC-TOFMS which were found to be pellitorine and sarmentine. In HPLC anal., the extract was found to have pellitorine (0.020 mg/g) and sarmentine (0.006 mg/g). Both of these markers exhibited 30 % antiangiogenic activity. The results of this study indicate that the extract inhibits angiogenesis without changing morphol. and viability of vascular endothelial cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Application of 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Application of 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical diversity and antimicrobial activity of volatile compounds from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Lam. according to compound classes, plant organs and Senegalese sample locations was written by Tine, Yoro;Diop, Abdoulaye;Diatta, William;Desjobert, Jean-Marie;Boye, Cheikh Saad Bouh;Costa, Jean;Wele, Alassane;Paolini, Julien. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2017.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The chem. diversity of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides growing wild in Senegal was studied according to volatile compound classes, plant organs and sample locations. The composition of fruit essential oil was investigated using an original targeted approach based on the combination of gas chromatog. (GC) and liquid chromatog. (LC) both coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The volatile composition of Z. zanthoxyloides fruits exhibited relative high amounts of hydrocarbon monoterpenes (24.3 – 55.8%) and non-terpenic oxygenated compounds (34.5 – 63.1%). The main components were (E)-β-ocimene (12.1 – 39%), octyl acetate (11.6 – 21.8%) and decanol (9.7 – 15.4%). The GC and GC/MS profiling of fruit essential oils showed a chem. variability according to geog. locations of plant material. The LC/MS/MS anal. of fruit oils allowed the detection of seven coumarins in trace content. The chem. composition of fruit essential oils was compared with volatile fractions of leaves and barks (root and trunk) from the same plant station. Hexadecanoic acid, germacrene D and decanal were identified as the major constituents of leaves whereas the barks (root and trunk) were dominated by pellitorine (85.8% and 57%, resp.), an atypic linear compound with amide group. The fruit essential oil exhibited interesting antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, particularly the alc. fraction of the oil. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide is a new and potent NAD⁺ precursor in mammalian cells and mice was written by Zapata-Perez, Ruben;Tammaro, Alessandra;Schomakers, Bauke V.;Scantlebery, Angelique M. L.;Denis, Simone;Elfrink, Hyung L.;Giroud-Gerbetant, Judith;Canto, Carles;Lopez-Leonardo, Carmen;McIntyre, Rebecca L.;van Weeghel, Michel;Sanchez-Ferrer, Alvaro;Houtkooper, Riekelt H.. And the article was included in FASEB Journal in 2021.Safety of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

NAD (NAD⁺) homeostasis is constantly compromised due to degradation by NAD⁺-dependent enzymes. NAD+ replenishment by supplementation with the NAD⁺ precursors NMN (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) can alleviate this imbalance. However, NMN and NR are limited by their mild effect on the cellular NAD⁺ pool and the need of high doses. Here, we report a synthesis method of a reduced form of NMN (NMNH), and identify this mol. as a new NAD⁺ precursor for the first time. We show that NMNH increases NAD⁺ levels to a much higher extent and faster than NMN or NR, and that it is metabolized through a different, NRK and NAMPT-independent, pathway. We also demonstrate that NMNH reduces damage and accelerates repair in renal tubular epithelial cells upon hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Finally, we find that NMNH administration in mice causes a rapid and sustained NAD⁺ surge in whole blood, which is accompanied by increased NAD⁺ levels in liver, kidney, muscle, brain, brown adipose tissue, and heart, but not in white adipose tissue. Together, our data highlight NMNH as a new NAD⁺ precursor with therapeutic potential for acute kidney injury, confirm the existence of a novel pathway for the recycling of reduced NAD⁺ precursors and establish NMNH as a member of the new family of reduced NAD⁺ precursors. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Safety of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Safety of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

TNB-738, a biparatopic antibody, boosts intracellular NAD+ by inhibiting CD38 ecto-enzyme activity was written by Ugamraj, Harshad S.;Dang, Kevin;Ouisse, Laure-Helene;Buelow, Benjamin;Chini, Eduardo N.;Castello, Giulia;Allison, James;Clarke, Starlynn C.;Davison, Laura M.;Buelow, Roland;Deng, Rong;Iyer, Suhasini;Schellenberger, Ute;Manika, Sankar N.;Bijpuria, Shipra;Musnier, Astrid;Poupon, Anne;Cuturi, Maria Cristina;van Schooten, Wim;Dalvi, Pranjali. And the article was included in mAbs in 2022.Product Details of 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is an ecto-enzyme expressed primarily on immune cells that metabolize NAD (NAD+) to ADP ribose or cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinamide. Other substrates of CD38 include NADP and NMN, a critical NAD+ precursor in the salvage pathway. NAD+ is an important coenzyme involved in several metabolic pathways and is a required cofactor for the function of sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases. Declines in NAD+ levels are associated with metabolic and inflammatory diseases, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. To inhibit CD38 enzyme activity and boost NAD+ levels, we developed TNB-738, an anti-CD38 biparatopic antibody that pairs two non-competing heavy chain-only antibodies in a bispecific format. By simultaneously binding two distinct epitopes on CD38, TNB-738 potently inhibited its enzymic activity, which in turn boosted intracellular NAD+ levels and SIRT activities. Due to its silenced IgG4 Fc, TNB-738 did not deplete CD38-expressing cells, in contrast to the clin. available anti-CD38 antibodies, daratumumab, and isatuximab. TNB-738 offers numerous advantages compared to other NAD-boosting therapeutics, including small mols., and supplements, due to its long half-life, specificity, safety profile, and activity. Overall, TNB-738 represents a novel treatment with broad therapeutic potential for metabolic and inflammatory diseases associated with NAD+ deficiencies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Product Details of 1094-61-7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Product Details of 1094-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The attenuation effect of low piperine Piper nigrum extract on doxorubicininduced toxicity of blood chemical and immunological properties in mammary tumor rats was written by Saetang, Jirakrit;Tedasen, Aman;Sangkhathat, Surasak;Sangkaew, Natnaree;Dokduang, Sirinapa;Prompat, Napat;Taraporn, Siriporn;Graidist, Potchanapond. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Biology (Abingdon, United Kingdom) in 2022.Formula: C14H25NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Many natural extracts have been shown to minimize the toxicity of doxorubicin (Dox). Low piperine Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) extract (PFPE) is a natural extract containing many types of antioxidants that may reduce Dox toxicities. To evaluate the effect of PFPE in attenuating the side effects of Dox. Tumor-bearing Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups including normal, vehicle, 100 mg/kg BW of PFPE plus 2 mg/kg BW of Dox (P100 Dox), 100 mg/kg BW of PFPE plus 2 mg/kg BW of Dox (P200 Dox) and Dox. Rats were treated with Dox and/or PFPE three times/ week for 4 wk. Tumor burden, blood parameters, weight of internal organs and immunol. data were investigated. The addition of 200 mg/kg PFPE significantly restored the levels of AST from 174.60 ± 45.67 U/L in the Dox group near to normal levels at 109.80 ± 4.99 U/L. The combination of PFPE and Dox also decreased the levels of CXCL7, TIMP-1, sICAM-1 and L-selectin about 1.4-1.6-fold compared to Dox group. Feeding rats with 200 mg/kg BW of PFPE combination with Dox slightly increased Th1 from 161.67 ± 14.28 cells in Dox group to 200.75 ± 5.8 cells meanwhile suppressed Treg from 3088 ± 78 cells in Dox to 2561 ± 71 cells. This study showed that PFPE ameliorated Dox toxicity in many aspects indicating the role of antioxidant and other substances in the extract on toxicity attenuation. This suggested the using of PFPE may be valuable for Dox treated patients. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Formula: C14H25NO).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Formula: C14H25NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase protects against acute pancreatitis via modulating macrophage polarization and its related metabolites was written by He, Yan;Dai, Juanjuan;Niu, Mengya;Li, Bin;Chen, Congying;Jiang, Mingjie;Wu, Zengkai;Bao, Jingpiao;Zhang, Xiuli;Li, Liang;Husain, Sohail Z.;Hu, Guoyong;Wen, Li. And the article was included in Pancreatology in 2021.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, we investigated the role of NAMPT in exptl. acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice using three disparate models: (1) caerulein hyperstimulation, (2) ethanol plus palmitoleic acid, and (3) retrograde biliopancreatic ductal infusion of sodium taurocholate. Bone marrow derived macrophages were isolated, cultured with cytokines or pancreatic acini, then analyzed by quant. PCR and non-targeted metabolomics. The levels of pancreatic NAMPT and NAD were down-regulated upon acute pancreatitis. NAMPT inhibitor FK866 suppressed M1 macrophage polarization while NMN boosted it. In co-culture of macrophages with acinar cells, inhibition of NAMPT prevented M1-like macrophage differentiation induced by injured pancreatic acini. The injured pancreatic acinar milieu induced a unique metabolic signature linked to macrophage polarization, and inhibition of NAMPT reversed these metabolites changes. Furthermore, NMN supplementation aggravated caerulein hyperstimulation pancreatitis and alc. pancreatitis, and inhibition of NAMPT protected against caerulein hyperstimulation, alc. and biliary acute pancreatitis and reducing pancreatic macrophage infiltration in vivo. NAMPT inhibition protects against acute pancreatitis via preventing M1 macrophage polarization and restoring the metabolites related to macrophage polarization and that NAMPT could be a promising therapeutic target for acute pancreatitis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Different Effects of RNAi-Mediated Downregulation or Chemical Inhibition of NAMPT in an Isogenic IDH Mutant and Wild-Type Glioma Cell Model was written by Clausing, Maximilian;William, Doreen;Preussler, Matthias;Biedermann, Julia;Gruetzmann, Konrad;Richter, Susan;Buchholz, Frank;Temme, Achim;Schroeck, Evelin;Klink, Barbara. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.SDS of cas: 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The IDH1R132H mutation in glioma results in the neoenzymic function of IDH1, leading to the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), alterations in energy metabolism and changes in the cellular redox household. Although shifts in the redox ratio NADPH/NADP+ were described, the consequences for the NAD+ synthesis pathways and potential therapeutic interventions were largely unexplored. Here, we describe the effects of heterozygous IDH1R132H on the redox system in a CRISPR/Cas edited glioblastoma model and compare them with IDH1 wild-type (IDH1wt) cells. Besides an increase in 2-HG and decrease in NADPH, we observed an increase in NAD⁺ in IDH1R132H glioblastoma cells. RT-qPCR anal. revealed the upregulation of the expression of the NAD+ synthesis enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Knockdown of NAMPT resulted in significantly reduced viability in IDH1R132H glioblastoma cells. Given this dependence of IDH1R132H cells on NAMPT expression, we explored the effects of the NAMPT inhibitors FK866, GMX1778 and GNE-617. Surprisingly, these agents were equally cytotoxic to IDH1R132H and IDH1wt cells. Altogether, our results indicate that targeting the NAD+ synthesis pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy in IDH mutant gliomas; however, the agent should be carefully considered since three small-mol. inhibitors of NAMPT tested in this study were not suitable for this purpose. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7SDS of cas: 1094-61-7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.SDS of cas: 1094-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics