Month: November 2022

Sulfonamides. I. “Marfanil” and its ο- and p-isomers was written by Angyal, S. J.;Jenkin, S. R.. And the article was included in Australian Journal of Scientific Research in 1950.Product Details of 857003-88-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A new synthesis of “Marfanil” (p-H₂NCH₂.C₆H₄SO₂NH₂) from p-MeC₆H₄SO₂Cl is described. The ο- and m-isomers were also prepared and found to have low bacteriostatic activity. p-ClCH₂C₆H₄SO₂Cl, prepared (23% yield)by chlorinating com. p-MeC₆H₄SO₂Cl at 160°, was added with stirring to alc. NH₃ and the product precipitated with H₂O to give 86% p-ClCH₂C₆H₄SO₂NH₂. With hexamine in cold EtOH, this formed p-sulphamylbenzylhexaminium chloride (96%; low Cl content), decomposing at 180°, which on refluxing 30 min. with concentrated HCl in EtOH furnished 85% marfanil, m. 148°, [sulfate, m. 254-5° (decomposition)]. The original synthesis from AcNHCH₂Ph (C.A. 38, 5805.6; 34, 6587.8) was also studied. PhCH₂NHAc (977 g.) was added to ClSO₃H (2.1 l.) below 20°, the mixture heated 1 hr. at 70°, cooled, added to 10 kg. ice, and the resulting oil decanted and added to concentrated NH₄OH (2 l.) and H₂O (one l.) below 40°, to give 47% acetylmarfanil and 9% ο-(acetamidomethyl)benzenesulfonamide-HCl (I), m. 137-8°. I refluxed 8 hrs. in EtOH with concentrated HCl gave 82% ο-(aminomethyl)benzenesulfonamide-HCl, m. 238-9° [free base (II), m. 83-4°]. Attempted crystallization of II from Me₂CO produced the isopropylene derivative, C₁₀H₁₄O₂SN₂ (83%), m. 136°. m-H₂NC₆H₄SO₂NH₂ (17.2 g.) was diazotized in 23 ml. concentrated HCl and 50 ml. H₂O with 7.6 g. NaNO₂ in H₂O and the mixture added below 20° to 12 g. CuCl₂ and 16 g. NaCN in 100 ml. water (the temperature finally raised to 70°) to give 9 g. (50%) m-NCC₆H₄SO₂NH₂ (III), m. 148-50°. III was reduced (H, Pd/C) in the presence of NH₃ to 60% m,m’-disulfamyldibenzylamine, m. 176.5-7° (HCl salt, m. 216-18°), while in aqueous HCl, 57% m-(aminomethyl)benzenesulfonamide-HCl, m. 232° (free base, an oil), resulted. There was no correlation between basic strength and antibacterial action of marfanil and its ο- and p-isomers, whose pK values were found to be resp. 8.52, 10.08 (literature, 8.18, 10.23); 8.53, 10.11; 8.55, 10.14. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,3′-(Azanediylbis(methylene))dibenzenesulfonamide (cas: 857003-88-4Product Details of 857003-88-4).

3,3′-(Azanediylbis(methylene))dibenzenesulfonamide (cas: 857003-88-4) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Product Details of 857003-88-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The traditional mongolian medicine qiqirigan-8 effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation in obesity: pharmacodynamic evaluation and relevant metabolites was written by Narenmandula;Hongmei;Ding, Xiaoqing;Li, Kexin;Hashentuya;Yang, Dezhi;Wendurige;Yang, Rui;Yang, Dandan;Tana;Wang, Haisheng;Eerdunduleng;Tegexibaiyin;Wang, Changshan;Bao, Xilinqiqige;Menggenduxi. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2022.Related Products of 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Traditional Mongolian Medicine Qiqirigan-8 (MMQ-8) is a Chinese botanical drug with effective pharmacol. properties in obesity. However, the pharmacol. mechanism of MMQ-8 remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the active metabolites of MMQ-8 and its therapeutic effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation. The active metabolites of MMQ-8 were identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph Q extractive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) assay and network anal. An obesity rat model induced by high-fat diet was used in the study. Serum levels of lipids and inflammatory factors were detected using biochem. anal. and ELISA (ELISA). Pathol. anal. of liver tissues and arteries was conducted with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochem. Protein expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway was investigated by Western-blot. Simultaneously, bone marrow cells were used for RNA sequencing and relevant results were validated by cell culture and quant. real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We identified 69 active metabolites and 551 target genes of MMQ-8. Of these, there are 65 active metabolites and 225 target genes closely related to obesity and inflammation. In vivo, we observed that MMQ-8 had general decreasing effects on body weight, white adipose tissue weight, and serum lipids. MMQ-8 treatment notably decreased the liver function markers and hepatic steatosis, and significantly decreased inflammation. In serum, it notably decreased TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), while elevating IL-10 levels. MMQ-8 treatment also significantly inhibited proteins phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2), and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), and decreased vascular endothelium damage and macrophage infiltration and polarization to M1. These findings coincide with the RNA-sequencing data of bone marrow cells and results of in vitro experiments We determined the pharmacol. actions and relevant metabolites of MMQ-8 in obesity for the first time. Our study revealed MMQ-8 can optimize lipid metabolism and reduce chronic inflammation in obesity. However, more in-depth research is needed, for example, to understand the principle of compound compatibility and the inhibition effects on hepatic steatosis, T cell differentiation, and inflammatory signal transduction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Related Products of 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Related Products of 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in humans: a meta-analysis was written by Zhong, Ou;Wang, Jinyuan;Tan, Yongpeng;Lei, Xiaocan;Tang, Zhihan. And the article was included in Nutrition & Metabolism in 2022.Synthetic Route of C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This meta-anal. was performed to investigate the effects of NAD (NAD+) precursor supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in human body. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus databases were searched to collect clin. studies related to the supplement of NAD+ precursor from inception to Feb. 2021. Then the retrieved documents were screened, the content of the documents that met the requirements was extracted Meta-anal. and quality evaluation was performed detection were performed using RevMan5.4 software. Stata16 software was used to detect publication bias, Egger and Begg methods were mainly used. The main research terms of NAD+ precursors were Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), NMN (NMN), Nicotinic Acid (NA), Nicotinamide (NAM). The changes in the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-d. lipoprotein (LDL), high-d. lipoprotein (HDL), and fasting blood glucose were mainly concerned. A total of 40 articles were included in the meta-anal., with a sample of 14,750 cases, including 7406 cases in the drug group and 7344 cases in the control group. The results of meta-anal. showed that: NAD+ precursor can significantly reduce TG level (SMD = – 0.35, 95% CI (- 0.52, – 0.18), P < 0.0001), and TC (SMD = – 0.33, 95% CI (- 0.51, – 0.14), P = 0.0005), and LDL (SMD = – 0.38, 95% CI (- 0.50, – 0.27), P < 0.00001), increase HDL level (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI (0.56, 0.76), P < 0.00001), and plasma glucose level in the patients (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI (0.12, 0.42), P = 0.0004). Subgroup anal. showed that supplementation of NA had the most significant effect on the levels of TG, TC, LDL, HDL and plasma glucose. In this study, a meta-anal. based on currently published clin. trials with NAD+ precursors showed that supplementation with NAD+ precursors improved TG, TC, LDL, and HDL levels in humans, but resulted in hyperglycemia, compared with placebo or no treatment. Among them, NA has the most significant effect on improving lipid metabolism In addition, although NR and NAM supplementation had no significant effect on improving human lipid metabolism, the role of NR and NAM could not be directly denied due to the few relevant studies at present. Based on subgroup anal., we found that the supplement of NAD+ precursors seems to have little effect on healthy people, but it has a significant beneficial effect on patients with cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia. Due to the limitation of the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Synthetic Route of C11H15N2O8P).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Synthetic Route of C11H15N2O8P

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in humans: a meta-analysis was written by Zhong, Ou;Wang, Jinyuan;Tan, Yongpeng;Lei, Xiaocan;Tang, Zhihan. And the article was included in Nutrition & Metabolism in 2022.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This meta-anal. was performed to investigate the effects of NAD (NAD+) precursor supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in human body. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus databases were searched to collect clin. studies related to the supplement of NAD+ precursor from inception to Feb. 2021. Then the retrieved documents were screened, the content of the documents that met the requirements was extracted Meta-anal. and quality evaluation was performed detection were performed using RevMan5.4 software. Stata16 software was used to detect publication bias, Egger and Begg methods were mainly used. The main research terms of NAD+ precursors were Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), NMN (NMN), Nicotinic Acid (NA), Nicotinamide (NAM). The changes in the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-d. lipoprotein (LDL), high-d. lipoprotein (HDL), and fasting blood glucose were mainly concerned. A total of 40 articles were included in the meta-anal., with a sample of 14,750 cases, including 7406 cases in the drug group and 7344 cases in the control group. The results of meta-anal. showed that: NAD+ precursor can significantly reduce TG level (SMD = – 0.35, 95% CI (- 0.52, – 0.18), P < 0.0001), and TC (SMD = – 0.33, 95% CI (- 0.51, – 0.14), P = 0.0005), and LDL (SMD = – 0.38, 95% CI (- 0.50, – 0.27), P < 0.00001), increase HDL level (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI (0.56, 0.76), P < 0.00001), and plasma glucose level in the patients (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI (0.12, 0.42), P = 0.0004). Subgroup anal. showed that supplementation of NA had the most significant effect on the levels of TG, TC, LDL, HDL and plasma glucose. In this study, a meta-anal. based on currently published clin. trials with NAD+ precursors showed that supplementation with NAD+ precursors improved TG, TC, LDL, and HDL levels in humans, but resulted in hyperglycemia, compared with placebo or no treatment. Among them, NA has the most significant effect on improving lipid metabolism In addition, although NR and NAM supplementation had no significant effect on improving human lipid metabolism, the role of NR and NAM could not be directly denied due to the few relevant studies at present. Based on subgroup anal., we found that the supplement of NAD+ precursors seems to have little effect on healthy people, but it has a significant beneficial effect on patients with cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia. Due to the limitation of the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nicotinamide mononucleotide administration triggers macrophages reprogramming and alleviates inflammation during sepsis induced by experimental peritonitis was written by Cros, Cecile;Margier, Marielle;Cannelle, Helene;Charmetant, Julie;Hulo, Nicolas;Laganier, Laurent;Grozio, Alessia;Canault, Matthias. And the article was included in Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences in 2022.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Peritonitis and subsequent sepsis lead to high morbidity and mortality in response to uncontrolled systemic inflammation primarily mediated by macrophages. NAD (NAD+) is an important regulator of oxidative stress and immunoinflammatory responses. However, the effects of NAD+ replenishment during inflammatory activation are still poorly defined. Hence, we investigated whether the administration of β-NMN (β-NMN), a natural biosynthetic precursor of NAD+, could modulate the macrophage phenotype and thereby ameliorate the dysregulated inflammatory response during sepsis. For this purpose, C57BL6 mice were subjected to the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model to provoke sepsis or were injected with thioglycolate to induce sterile peritonitis with recruitment and differentiation of macrophages into the inflamed peritoneal cavity. βNMN was administered for 4 days after CLP and for 3 days post thioglycolate treatment where peritoneal macrophages were subsequently analyzed. In the CLP model, administration of β-NMN decreased bacterial load in blood and reduced clin. signs of distress and mortality during sepsis. These results were supported by transcriptomic anal. of hearts and lungs 24 h post CLP-induction, which revealed that β-NMN downregulated genes controlling the immuno-inflammatory response and upregulated genes involved in bioenergetic metabolism, mitochondria, and autophagy. In the thioglycolate model, a significant increase in the proportion of CD206 macrophages, marker of anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, was detected on peritoneal exudate macrophages from β-NMN-administered mice. Transcriptomic signature of these macrophages after bacterial stimulation confirmed that β-NMN administration limited the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and induced the expression of specific markers of M2 type macrophages. Furthermore, our data show that β-NMN treatment significantly impacts NAD + metabolism This shift in the macrophage phenotype and metabolism was accompanied by a reduction in phagolysosome acidification and secretion of inflammatory mediators in macrophages from β-NMN-treated mice suggesting a reduced proinflammatory activation. In conclusion, administration of β-NMN prevented clin. deterioration and improved survival during sepsis. These effects relied on shifts in the metabolism of organs that face up an increased energy requirement caused by bacterial infection and in innate immunity response, including reprogramming of macrophages from a highly inflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving profile. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of constituents identified in Asarum heterotropoides root on human intestinal bacteria was written by Perumalsamy, Haribalan;Jung, Moon Young;Hong, Seung Min;Ahn, Young-Joon. And the article was included in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine in 2013.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background: The growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of seven constituents identified in Asarum heterotropoides root on 14 intestinal bacteria were compared with those of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Method: A microtiter plate-based bioassay in sterile 96-well plates was used to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the test materials against the organisms. Results: δ-3-Carene (5) exhibited the most potent growth inhibition of Gram-pos. bacteria (Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689, Clostridium paraputrificum ATCC 25780, Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600) and Gram-neg. bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 and Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285) (minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), 0.18-0.70 mg/mL) except for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 (MIC, 2.94 mg/mL). The MIC of methyleugenol (2), 1,8-cineole (3), α-asarone (4), (-)-asarinin (6), and pellitorine (7) was between 1.47 and 2.94 mg/mL against all test bacteria (except for compound 2 against C. difficile (0.70 mg/mL); compounds 1 (23.50 mg/mL) and 4 (5.80 mg/mL) against C. paraputricum; compounds 2 (5.80 mg/mL), 4 (12.0 mg/mL), and 7 (0.70 mg/mL) against C. perfringens); compound 1 against E. coli (7.20 mg/mL) and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (12.0 mg/mL). Overall, all of the constituents were less potent at inhibiting microbial growth than ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.063-0.25 mg/ mL). The lactic acid-producing bacteria (four bifidobacteria and two lactobacilli) and one acidulating bacterium Clostridium butyricum ATCC 25779 were less sensitive and more susceptible than the five harmful bacteria and two nonpathogenic bacteria (B. fragilis and E. coli) to the constituents and to ciprofloxacin, resp. Beneficial Gram-pos. bacteria and harmful and nonpathogenic Gram-neg. bacteria were observed to have different degrees of antimicrobial susceptibility to the constituents, although the antimicrobial susceptibility of the harmful Gram-pos. bacteria and the harmful and nonpathogenic Gram-neg. bacteria was not observed SEM observations showed different degrees of phys. damage and morphol. alteration to both Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria treated with α-asarone, δ-3-carene, pellitorine, or ciprofloxacin, indicating that they do not share a common mode of action. Conclusion:A. heterotropoides root-derived materials described merit further study as potential antibacterial products or lead mols. for the prevention or eradication from humans from diseases caused by harmful intestinal bacteria. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aqueous metabolome of tissue-specific conditional Pten-knockout mouse prostate cancer and TRAMP neuroendocrine carcinoma was written by Kim, Sangyub;Li, Li;Zhang, Jinhui;Jiang, Cheng;Lue, Junxuan. And the article was included in Prostate (Hoboken, NJ, United States) in 2022.Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Metabolic reprograming is now a recognized hallmark of cancer. The prostate-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (Pten) gene-conditional knockout (KO) mouse carcinogenesis model is highly desirable for studying prostate cancer biol. and prevention due to its close resemblance of primary mol. defects and histopathol. features of human prostate cancer. We have recently published macromol. profiling of this model by proteomics and transcriptomics, denoting a preeminence of inflammation and myeloid suppressive immune cell features. Here, we performed metabolomic analyses of Pten-KO prostate vs. wild type (WT) counterpart for discernable changes in the aqueous metabolites and contrasted to those in the TRAMP neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECa). Three matched pairs of tissue-specific conditional Pten-KO mouse prostate and WT prostate of litter/cage-mates at 20-22 wk of age and three pairs of TRAMP NECa vs. WT (28-31 wk) were profiled for their global aqueous metabolite changes, using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry. The Pten-KO prostate increased purine nucleotide pools, cystathionine, and both reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), and gluconate/glucuronate species in addition to cholesteryl sulfate and polyamine precursor ornithine. On the contrary, Pten-KO prostate contained diminished pools of glycolytic intermediates and phosphorylcholine derivatives, select amino acids, and their metabolites. Bioinformatic integration revealed a significant shunting of glucose away from glycolysis-citrate cycle and glycerol-lipid genesis to pentose phosphate cycle for NADPH/GSH/GSSG redox and pentose moieties for purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, and glycosylation/glucuronidation. Implicit arginine catabolism to ornithine was consistent with immunosuppression in Pten-KO model. While also increased in cystathionine-GSH/GSSG, purine, and pyrimidine nucleotide pools and glucuronidation at the expense of glycolysis-citrate cycle, the TRAMP NECa increased abundance of many amino acids, Me donor S-adenosyl-methionine, and intermediates for phospholipids without increasing cholesteryl sulfate or ornithine. The aqueous metabolomic patterns in Pten-KO prostate and TRAMP NECa shared similarities in the greater pools of cystathionine, GSH/GSSG redox pair, and nucleotides and shunting away from glycolysis-citrate cycle in both models. Remarkable metabolic distinctions between them included metabolisms of many amino acids (protein synthesis; arginine-ornithine/immune suppression) and cholesteryl sulfate and methylation donor for epigenetic regulations. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aqueous metabolome of tissue-specific conditional Pten-knockout mouse prostate cancer and TRAMP neuroendocrine carcinoma was written by Kim, Sangyub;Li, Li;Zhang, Jinhui;Jiang, Cheng;Lue, Junxuan. And the article was included in Prostate (Hoboken, NJ, United States) in 2022.Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Metabolic reprograming is now a recognized hallmark of cancer. The prostate-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (Pten) gene-conditional knockout (KO) mouse carcinogenesis model is highly desirable for studying prostate cancer biol. and prevention due to its close resemblance of primary mol. defects and histopathol. features of human prostate cancer. We have recently published macromol. profiling of this model by proteomics and transcriptomics, denoting a preeminence of inflammation and myeloid suppressive immune cell features. Here, we performed metabolomic analyses of Pten-KO prostate vs. wild type (WT) counterpart for discernable changes in the aqueous metabolites and contrasted to those in the TRAMP neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECa). Three matched pairs of tissue-specific conditional Pten-KO mouse prostate and WT prostate of litter/cage-mates at 20-22 wk of age and three pairs of TRAMP NECa vs. WT (28-31 wk) were profiled for their global aqueous metabolite changes, using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry. The Pten-KO prostate increased purine nucleotide pools, cystathionine, and both reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), and gluconate/glucuronate species in addition to cholesteryl sulfate and polyamine precursor ornithine. On the contrary, Pten-KO prostate contained diminished pools of glycolytic intermediates and phosphorylcholine derivatives, select amino acids, and their metabolites. Bioinformatic integration revealed a significant shunting of glucose away from glycolysis-citrate cycle and glycerol-lipid genesis to pentose phosphate cycle for NADPH/GSH/GSSG redox and pentose moieties for purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, and glycosylation/glucuronidation. Implicit arginine catabolism to ornithine was consistent with immunosuppression in Pten-KO model. While also increased in cystathionine-GSH/GSSG, purine, and pyrimidine nucleotide pools and glucuronidation at the expense of glycolysis-citrate cycle, the TRAMP NECa increased abundance of many amino acids, Me donor S-adenosyl-methionine, and intermediates for phospholipids without increasing cholesteryl sulfate or ornithine. The aqueous metabolomic patterns in Pten-KO prostate and TRAMP NECa shared similarities in the greater pools of cystathionine, GSH/GSSG redox pair, and nucleotides and shunting away from glycolysis-citrate cycle in both models. Remarkable metabolic distinctions between them included metabolisms of many amino acids (protein synthesis; arginine-ornithine/immune suppression) and cholesteryl sulfate and methylation donor for epigenetic regulations. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fungicidal properties of 2,2′-dicarbamido-4,4′-dinitrodiphenyl sulfides and of 5-nitro-1,2-benzoisothiazolones was written by Ponci, R;Baruffini, A.;Gialdi, F.. And the article was included in Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica in 1964.Application of 83909-69-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The fungicidal activity was determined in vitro for several [2,3-XOC(O₂N)C₆H₃S]₂ (I) (X = H₂N, MeNH, BuNH, PhCH₂NH, PhNH, p-ClC₆H₄NH, 3-pyridyl-methylamino, morpholino) and II (R = H, Me, Bu, PhCH₂, Ph, p-ClC₆H₄, Ac, ClCH₂CO, EtCO, AmCO, Et₂CHCO, C₆H₁₅CO, PhCH₂CH₂OCO, Bz, p-ClC₆H₄CO, p-O₂ONC₆H4CO). All I and II exhibited high activity toward Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 8757; some of them were also tested against Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Madurella griesa, Microsporum audouini, Nocardia asteroides, and Sternphylium sarcinaeforme. The results confirm the antifungal activity of the substances tested and emphasize their wide spectrum of activity. Comparative tests with the I and II and the non-nitrated analogs demonstrated the influence of the NO₂ group on the activity. In the disulfide series the NO₂ group exerts a neg. effect in the case of the N-unsubstituted dicarbamide and a slight but neg. effect in the N-monosubstituted carbamides. The comparison of the II with the NO₂-free analogs showed a profound neg. effect by the NO₂ in the N-unsubstituted benzisothiazolone; however, slight variations of activity are observed in the N-substituted compounds 5-Nitro-1,2-benzoisothiazolone (III) pasted with an appropriate acid anhydride and heated 1-1.5 hrs. at 100-20° gave the corresponding II. III (10%) in H₂O stirred at 40° with the stoichiometric amount 2N NaOH, and the resulting Na salt dried 2 hrs. at 130°, suspended in dry C₆H₆ or MePh, treated with 1 mole 10% solution of a suitable halide in the same solvent, and refluxed 0.5-5 hrs. with stirring yielded the corresponding II. III (10%) in C₅H₅N treated dropwise at room temperature with stirring with 1 mole suitable halide, and heated 0.5 hr. at 50-60° gave the corresponding II. The appropriate amide (10-20%) in dry C₅H₅N treated at room temperature portionwise with 1 mole chlorobromide of 2,4-HO₂C(O₂N)C₆H₃SH in (CHCl₂)₂ and heated 1 hr. at 50-60° yielded the corresponding II. These methods gave II (R and m.p. given): Me, 190-2° (decomposition) (EtOH); ClCH₂, 165-7° (CHCl₃); Et, 179-80° [C₆H₆-petr. ether); Am, 108-9° (EtOH); Et₂OCH, 107° (MeOH); C₆H₁₃, 113° (EtOH); PhCH₂CH₂, 138-40° (EtOH); Ph, 180° (xylene); p-ClC₆H₄, 233-4° (MePh); p-O₂NC₆H₄, decomposition above 245° (xylene). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide (cas: 83909-69-7Application of 83909-69-7).

N-Benzyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide (cas: 83909-69-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Application of 83909-69-7

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Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

TNB-738, a biparatopic antibody, boosts intracellular NAD+ by inhibiting CD38 ecto-enzyme activity. was written by Ugamraj, Harshad S;Dang, Kevin;Ouisse, Laure-Hélène;Buelow, Benjamin;Chini, Eduardo N;Castello, Giulia;Allison, James;Clarke, Starlynn C;Davison, Laura M;Buelow, Roland;Deng, Rong;Iyer, Suhasini;Schellenberger, Ute;Manika, Sankar N;Bijpuria, Shipra;Musnier, Astrid;Poupon, Anne;Cuturi, Maria Cristina;van Schooten, Wim;Dalvi, Pranjali. And the article was included in mAbs in 2022.Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is an ecto-enzyme expressed primarily on immune cells that metabolize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to adenosine diphosphate ribose or cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinamide. Other substrates of CD38 include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and nicotinamide mononucleotide, a critical NAD+ precursor in the salvage pathway. NAD+ is an important coenzyme involved in several metabolic pathways and is a required cofactor for the function of sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases. Declines in NAD+ levels are associated with metabolic and inflammatory diseases, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. To inhibit CD38 enzyme activity and boost NAD+ levels, we developed TNB-738, an anti-CD38 biparatopic antibody that pairs two non-competing heavy chain-only antibodies in a bispecific format. By simultaneously binding two distinct epitopes on CD38, TNB-738 potently inhibited its enzymatic activity, which in turn boosted intracellular NAD+ levels and SIRT activities. Due to its silenced IgG4 Fc, TNB-738 did not deplete CD38-expressing cells, in contrast to the clinically available anti-CD38 antibodies, daratumumab, and isatuximab. TNB-738 offers numerous advantages compared to other NAD-boosting therapeutics, including small molecules, and supplements, due to its long half-life, specificity, safety profile, and activity. Overall, TNB-738 represents a novel treatment with broad therapeutic potential for metabolic and inflammatory diseases associated with NAD+ deficiencies.Abbreviations: 7-AAD: 7-aminoactinomycin D; ADCC: antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; ADCP: antibody dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis; ADPR: adenosine diphosphate ribose; APC: allophycocyanin; cADPR: cyclic ADP-ribose; cDNA: complementary DNA; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CD38: cluster of differentiation 38; CDC: complement dependent cytotoxicity; CFA: Freund’s complete adjuvant; CHO: Chinese hamster ovary; CCP4: collaborative computational project, number 4; COOT: crystallographic object-oriented toolkit; DAPI: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DSC: differential scanning calorimetry; 3D: three dimensional; εNAD+: nicotinamide 1,N₆-ethenoadenine dinucleotide; ECD: extracellular domain; EGF: epidermal growth factor; FACS: fluorescence activated cell sorting; FcγR: Fc gamma receptors; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; HEK: human embryonic kidney; HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; IgG: immunoglobulin; IFA: incomplete Freund’s adjuvant; IFNγ: Interferon gamma; KB: kinetic buffer; kDa: kilodalton; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; M: molar; mM: millimolar; MFI: mean fluorescent intensity; NA: nicotinic acid; NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADP: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NAM: nicotinamide; NGS: next-generation sequencing; NHS/EDC: N-Hydroxysuccinimide/ ethyl (dimethylamino propyl) carbodiimide; Ni-NTA: nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid; nL: nanoliter; NK: natural killer; NMN: nicotinamide mononucleotide; OD: optical density; PARP: poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PDB: protein data bank; PE: phycoerythrin; PISA: protein interfaces, surfaces, and assemblies: PK: pharmacokinetics; mol: picomolar; RNA: ribonucleic acid; RLU: relative luminescence units; rpm: rotations per minute; RU: resonance unit; SEC: size exclusion chromatography; SEM: standard error of the mean; SIRT: sirtuins; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; µg: microgram; µM: micromolar; µL: microliter. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics