Month: December 2022

Liu, Wenbo published the artcileCu₂O-Catalyzed Conversion of Benzyl Alcohols Into Aromatic Nitriles via the Complete Cleavage of the C≡N Triple Bond in the Cyanide Anion, Product Details of C6H6N2O, the publication is Chemistry – An Asian Journal (2021), 16(21), 3509-3513, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Nitrogen transfer from cyanide anion to an aldehyde is emerging as a promising method for the synthesis of aromatic nitriles. However, this method still suffers from a disadvantage that a use of stoichiometric Cu(II) or Cu(I) salts is required to enable the reaction. As authors report herein, overcame this drawback and developed a catalytic method for nitrogen transfer from cyanide anion to an alc. via the complete cleavage of the C≡N triple bond using phen/Cu₂O as the catalyst. The present condition allowed a series of benzyl alcs. to be smoothly converted into aromatic nitriles in moderate to high yields. In addition, the present method could be extended to the conversion of cinnamic alc. to 3-phenylacrylonitrile.

Chemistry – An Asian Journal published new progress about 1453-82-3. 1453-82-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is Isonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, Product Details of C6H6N2O.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Greene, Stephen J. published the artcileFactors associated with non-use and sub-target dosing of medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, Product Details of C24H29N5O3, the publication is Heart Failure Reviews (2022), 27(3), 741-753, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. In clin. practice, many patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are either not prescribed guideline-directed medical therapies for which they are eligible or are prescribed therapies at sub-target doses. The objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with not receiving guideline-directed medical therapies or receiving sub-target doses. We conducted a systematic review of articles published between Jan. 2014 and May 2019 that described dosing patterns and factors associated with non-use and sub-target dosing of HFrEF therapies in clin. practice. Thirty-seven studies were included. The percentages of patients reaching target doses for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, sacubitril/valsartan, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists ranged from 4 to 55%, 11 to 87%, 4 to 60%, and 22 to 80%, resp. Older age and worsening renal function were associated with non-use and sub-target dosing, lower body mass index was commonly associated with non-use, and hyperkalemia and hypotension were commonly associated with sub-target dosing. In conclusion, several common patient characteristics are associated with non-use and sub-target dosing of medical therapy for HFrEF. These high-risk groups are in particular need of further studies to improve implementation of available medications and to define the role of novel therapies.

Heart Failure Reviews published new progress about 137862-53-4. 137862-53-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class GPCR/G Protein,Angiotensin Receptor, name is (S)-2-(N-((2′-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C24H29N5O3, Product Details of C24H29N5O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nakanishi, Yoshimitsu published the artcileStepwise phosphorylation of leukotriene B₄ receptor 1 defines cellular responses to leukotriene B₄, Formula: C12H23N3S, the publication is Science Signaling (2018), 11(544), eaao5390/1-eaao5390/15, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) receptor type 1 (BLT1) is abundant in phagocytic and immune cells and plays crucial roles in various inflammatory diseases. BLT1 is phosphorylated at several serine and threonine residues upon stimulation with the inflammatory lipid LTB₄. Using Phos-tag gel electrophoresis to sep. differentially phosphorylated forms of BLT1, we identified two distinct types of phosphorylation, basal and ligand-induced, in the carboxyl terminus of human BLT1. In the absence of LTB₄, the basal phosphorylation sites were modified to various degrees, giving rise to many different phosphorylated forms of BLT1. Different concentrations of LTB₄ induced distinct phosphorylation events, and these ligand-induced modifications facilitated addnl. phosphorylation events at the basal phosphorylation sites. Because neutrophils migrate toward inflammatory sites along a gradient of LTB₄, the degree of BLT1 phosphorylation likely increases in parallel with the increase in LTB₄ concentration as the cells migrate. At high concentrations of LTB₄, deficiencies in these two types of phosphorylation events impaired chemotaxis and β-hexosaminidase release, a proxy for degranulation, in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, resp. These results suggest that an LTB₄ gradient around inflammatory sites enhances BLT1 phosphorylation in a stepwise manner to facilitate the precise migration of phagocytic and immune cells and the initiation of local responses, including degranulation.

Science Signaling published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Formula: C12H23N3S.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Meng, Yuanyuan published the artcilePreparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban cocrystals with enhanced in vitro and in vivo properties in beagle dogs, HPLC of Formula: 1453-82-3, the publication is International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X (2022), 100119, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Rivaroxaban (RIV) is a direct Factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant, but the oral bioavailability of RIV is estimated to be only 60% due to its poor solubility The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and bioavailability of RIV. Five cocrystals-p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DBA), nicotinamide (NA), isonicotinamide (IA), and succinic acid (SA)-were used as cofomers and were successfully obtained and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal anal., and Fourier transform IR spectra. RIV-DBA and RIV-HBA cocrystals showed obvious improvements in solubility, dissolution (under sink conditions), and intrinsic dissolution rates vs. RIV. Moreover, the dissolution of RIV-HBA, RIV-DBA, and RIV-SA cocrystals under non-sink conditions showed obvious “spring and parachute” patterns. The in vitro permeability levels in a Caco-2 cell model of RIV-DBA and RIV-IA cocrystals were significantly improved vs. RIV. Pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs showed that RIV-DBA and RIV-HBA cocrystals had higher bioavailability than RIV. The enhancements in solubility and bioavailability indicate the potential of RIV cocrystals as a better candidate for the treatment of thrombosis vs. RIV.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X published new progress about 1453-82-3. 1453-82-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is Isonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, HPLC of Formula: 1453-82-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yuan, Hongfeng published the artcileTenovin-6 impairs autophagy by inhibiting autophagic flux, Name: 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, the publication is Cell Death & Disease (2017), 8(2), e2608, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Tenovin-6 has attracted significant interest because it activates p53 and inhibits sirtuins. It has anti-neoplastic effects on multiple hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Tenovin-6 was recently shown to impair the autophagy pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and pediatric soft tissue sarcoma cells. However, whether tenovin-6 has a general inhibitory effect on autophagy and whether there is any involvement with SIRT1 and p53, both of which are regulators of the autophagy pathway, remain unclear. In this study, we have demonstrated that tenovin-6 increases microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II) level in diverse cell types in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the increase of LC3-II by tenovin-6 is caused by inhibition of the classical autophagy pathway via impairing lysosomal function without affecting the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Furthermore, we have revealed that tenovin-6 activation of p53 is cell type dependent, and tenovin-6 inhibition of autophagy is not dependent on its regulatory functions on p53 and SIRT1. Our results have shown that tenovin-6 is a potent autophagy inhibitor, and raised the precaution in interpreting results where tenovin-6 is used as an inhibitor of SIRT1.

Cell Death & Disease published new progress about 1011557-82-6. 1011557-82-6 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Epigenetics,Sirtuin, name is 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Name: 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

He, Meilan published the artcileSirtuin 1 and AMPK pathways are essential for the proliferation and survival of primary effusion lymphoma cells, HPLC of Formula: 1011557-82-6, the publication is Journal of Pathology (2017), 242(3), 309-321, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare and aggressive B-cell lymphoma with a dismal prognosis caused by infection of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Despite the findings that numerous viral genes and cellular pathways are essential for the proliferation and survival of PEL cells, there is currently no effective therapeutic treatment for PEL. Here, we report that the metabolic sensor SIRT1 is functionally required for sustaining the proliferation and survival of PEL cells. Knockdown of SIRT1 with specific shRNAs or inhibition of SIRT1 with an inhibitor (tenovin-6) induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PEL cells. We detected high levels of AMPK activation in PEL cells, reflected in AMPKα1 phosphorylation at T174. Knockdown or inhibition of SIRT1 reduced AMPK activation, indicating that SIRT1 was required for AMPK activation. Interestingly, knockdown of AMPK with specific shRNAs or inhibition of AMPK with the inhibitor compound C recapitulated the phenotype of SIRT1, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, whereas overexpression of a constitutively active AMPK construct rescued the cytotoxic effect of SIRT1 knockdown. Remarkably, treatment with tenovin-6 effectively inhibited the initiation and progression of PEL, and significantly extended the survival of mice in a murine PEL model. Taken together, these results illustrate that the SIRT1-AMPK axis is essential for maintaining the proliferation and survival of PEL and identify SIRT1 and AMPK as potential therapeutic targets, and tenovin-6 as a candidate therapeutic agent for PEL patients.

Journal of Pathology published new progress about 1011557-82-6. 1011557-82-6 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Epigenetics,Sirtuin, name is 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, and the molecular formula is C25H34N4O2S, HPLC of Formula: 1011557-82-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nagasaki, Yo-hei published the artcileDehydration of Amides to Nitriles over Heterogeneous Silica-Supported Molybdenum Oxide Catalyst, SDS of cas: 1453-82-3, the publication is ChemCatChem (2022), 14(9), e202101846, database is CAplus.

Silica-supported molybdenum oxide (MoO_x/SiO₂) with 4.8 wt% Mo (0.5 mmol g^-1) was an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for dehydration of 2-furamide to 2-furonitrile (96% yield). The catalyst was applicable to the dehydration of various amides including heteroaromatic, aromatic and alkyl amides, providing the corresponding nitriles in high yields (87-97%). Based on the results of catalyst characterizations (XRD, TEM, UV-vis, Raman) and activity tests, MoO_x species are highly dispersed over SiO₂, and heptamolybdate anion ([Mo₇O₂₄]^6-) and isolated dioxo ((O=)₂MoO₂) were mainly formed on the SiO₂ support of the optimal MoO_x/SiO₂ catalyst. The strong Bronsted acid sites (Mo-OH-Si site) can be formed from the MoOx species and the adjacent silanol group, and the acid-base pair site (Mo(=O)OHSi site) of the strong Bronsted acid site (MoOH-Sisite) and base site (Mo=O) over MoO_x/SiO₂ catalyst could be themain active site for the dehydration of amides.

ChemCatChem published new progress about 1453-82-3. 1453-82-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is Isonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, SDS of cas: 1453-82-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oba, Yasuhiro published the artcileIdentifying the wide diversity of extraterrestrial purine and pyrimidine nucleobases in carbonaceous meteorites, Category: amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Nature Communications (2022), 13(1), 2008, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The lack of pyrimidine diversity in meteorites remains a mystery since prebiotic chem. models and laboratory experiments have predicted that these compounds can also be produced from chem. precursors found in meteorites. Here we report the detection of nucleobases in three carbonaceous meteorites using state-of-the-art anal. techniques optimized for small-scale quantification of nucleobases down to the range of parts per trillion (ppt). In addition to previously detected purine nucleobases in meteorites such as guanine and adenine, we identify various pyrimidine nucleobases such as cytosine, uracil, and thymine, and their structural isomers such as isocytosine, imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, and 6-methyluracil, resp. Given the similarity in the mol. distribution of pyrimidines in meteorites and those in photon-processed interstellar ice analogs, some of these derivatives could have been generated by photochem. reactions prevailing in the interstellar medium and later incorporated into asteroids during solar system formation. This study demonstrates that a diversity of meteoritic nucleobases could serve as building blocks of DNA and RNA on the early Earth.

Nature Communications published new progress about 1453-82-3. 1453-82-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is Isonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, Category: amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Admans, Gary published the artcileArtificial neural network for predicting the toxicity of organic molecules, COA of Formula: C7H5Cl2NO, the publication is Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (2001), 74(12), 2451-2461, database is CAplus.

Structure-activity relationships for aquatic toxicity were studied using neural networks and linear regression anal. The structural features contributing to toxicity were identified in mols. exhibiting a level of toxicity greater than that of non-reactive organic mols. A neural network was trained for the toxicity of non-polar narcotics, polar narcotics, or reactive toxicants. Quant. structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed, relating a mol. aquatic toxicity to its log P and to a set of 16 structural descriptors based upon the presence of selected structural features. The inclusion of these structural descriptors into a QSAR was found to enhance the correlation of the equation, and thus to improve its ability for predicting aquatic toxicity.

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan published new progress about 2447-79-2. 2447-79-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Benzene,Amide, name is 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide, and the molecular formula is C7H5Cl2NO, COA of Formula: C7H5Cl2NO.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Khairullina, V. R. published the artcileStructural Analysis of Leukotriene B4 (LBT₄) Receptor (BLT₁ AND BLT₂) Antagonists, Application of [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, the publication is Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (2014), 48(5), 317-322, database is CAplus.

The structural characteristics typical of highly and moderately effective antagonists of BLT₁ and BLT₂ receptors were identified and the extents of their influences on the target property were evaluated. Two models for predicting inhibitory activity were constructed for series of sulfur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds with significant prognostic levels of greater than 80% using two methods based on sample recognition theory. These structural patterns can be used for virtual screening of potential drugs for antiallergic activity associated with blockade of leukotriene LTB₄-sensitive BLT₁ and BLT₂ receptors.

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Application of [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics