Month: February 2023

Au^I-Catalyzed Direct Hydroamination/Hydroarylation and Double Hydroamination of Terminal Alkynes was written by Patil, Nitin T.;Lakshmi, Pediredla G. V. V.;Singh, Vipender. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2010.Reference of 54166-95-9 This article mentions the following:

An efficient method for formal Markownikoff hydroamination/hydroarylation and double hydroamination of terminal alkynes has been developed. For example, treatment of terminal alkynes with amino aromatics or diamines in the presence of 2-5 mol-% of Ph₃PAuNTf₂ in toluene at 100 °C gave the corresponding products in excellent yields. The method was shown to be applicable to a broad range of substrates and, more importantly, unlike our previously reported method, a tethered hydroxy group in the alkyne is not necessary. The mechanism of the reaction is also discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9Reference of 54166-95-9).

6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Reference of 54166-95-9

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Difluoromethyl Ketones from Weinreb Amides, and Tandem Addition/Cyclization of o-Alkynylaryl Weinreb Amides was written by Phetcharawetch, Jongkonporn;Betterley, Nolan M.;Soorukram, Darunee;Pohmakotr, Manat;Reutrakul, Vichai;Kuhakarn, Chutima. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.Related Products of 192436-83-2 This article mentions the following:

[Difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methyl]trimethylsilane (PhSCF₂SiMe₃) underwent a fluoride-induced nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group of Weinreb amides to provide the corresponding difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methyl ketones I (R = Ph, 3-MeOC₆H₄, 2-BrC₆H₄, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, etc.). These were converted into difluoromethyl ketones through selective reductive cleavage of the phenylsulfanyl group. The reaction of o-alkynyl Weinreb amides derived from benzoic acid derivatives resulted in the formation of cyclized products II (R = Ph, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 4-BrC₆H₄, etc.) through a 5-exo-dig cyclization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Related Products of 192436-83-2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Related Products of 192436-83-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of procarbazine and metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was written by Gorsen, Robert M.;Weiss, A. J.;Manthei, R. W.. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography, Biomedical Applications in 1980.Product Details of 13255-50-0 This article mentions the following:

Procarbazine-HCl (I) [366-70-1], and several metabolites, and an internal standard were analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry on a 3% OV-1 column. Procarbazine and 4 metabolites were derivatized with acetic anhydride. A sensitive, specific and quant. assay was established by selected ion monitoring using a synthetic analog of the drug as an internal standard The limits of detection were approx. 1 ng/mL of plasma while the limits of quantitation were 10 ng/mL of plasma. Studies on the degradation of procarbazine-HCl in 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) were compared to in vivo studies. At 1 h after incubation of procarbazine-HCl in buffer, the azo and aldehyde metabolites were detected in the highest concentrations representing 27.2% and 20.3% of total drug and metabolites. In the in vivo studies, analyses of rat plasmas indicated that 1 h after an oral dose of procarbazine-HCl the aldehyde metabolite [13255-50-0] represented 72% of the total drug and metabolites, and that relatively little of the azo metabolite was present. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0Product Details of 13255-50-0).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Product Details of 13255-50-0

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical analysis and potential endocrine activities of aluminium coatings intended to be in contact with cosmetic water was written by Bou-Maroun, Elias;Dahbi, Laurence;Gomez-Berrada, Marie-Pierre;Pierre, Philippine;Rakotomalala, Sandrine;Ferret, Pierre-Jacques;Chagnon, Marie-Christine. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2017.Related Products of 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

The objective of the work was to check the presence of Non-Intended Added Substances (NIAS) with hormonal activities in aluminum coatings extracts coded: AA, BBF, MC and RR, furnished by four different suppliers. Water samples were prepared at room temperature or at 40° for three months to verify the storage effect on the coatings. Solid phase extraction was used to concentrate and to extract coating substances. Hormonal activities were checked in vitro using reporter gene bioassays. Except BBF, all extracts induced a weak but significant estrogenic agonist activity in the human cell line. Using an estrogenic antagonist (ICI-182, 780), the answer was demonstrated specific in the bioassay. RR was the only extract to induce a concentration dependent anti-androgenic response in the MDA-KB2 cell line. Anal. performed using GC-MS and HPLC-MS detected 12 substances in most of the extracts 8 NIAS were present. Among them, 4 were identified with certainty: HMBT, BGA, DCU and BPA. Estrogenic potency was BPA > DCU > BGA > HMBT. HMBT was also anti-androgenic at high concentration Combining chem. anal. and bioassays data, the authors demonstrated that in the RR and the RR40 extracts, the observed estrogenic response was mainly due to BPA, the anti-androgenic activity of RR could be due to a synergism between HMBT and BPA. For MC and AA, estrogenic responses appear to be due to the presence of DCU. Except BBF, storage conditions tended to increase estrogenic activities in all extracts However, in term of risk assessment, activities observed were negligible. This work demonstrated that sensitive bioassays are pertinent tools in complement to chem. anal. to monitor and check the presence of NIAS with hormonal activity in coating extracts In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Related Products of 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Related Products of 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Antipyretic activity of new salicylate and gentisate derivatives was written by Preziosi, P.. And the article was included in Bollettino – Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale in 1953.Synthetic Route of C11H15NO2 This article mentions the following:

Salicylic hydrazide, acetylsalicylic hydrazide, N,N-diethylsalicylamide, gentisamide, ο-ethoxybenzamide, salicylamide, diacetylgentisic acid, and ο-(diethylaminoethoxy)benzamide were tested for antipyretic activity on rabbits. Fever was induced by intravenous injection of pyrogen and the material being tested was introduced peritoneally. Results show decreasing activity of the materials in the order listed. All of the compounds with the exception of the last 2 produced a temperature drop within 3-4 hours. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Synthetic Route of C11H15NO2).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Synthetic Route of C11H15NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Super electron donors derived from diboron was written by Zhang, Li;Jiao, Lei. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2018.SDS of cas: 116332-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Single-electron transfer is an important process in organic chem., in which a single-electron reductant (electron donor) acts as a key component. Compared with metal-based electron donors, organic electron donors have some unique advantages, such as tunable reduction ability and mild reaction conditions. The development of novel organic electron donors with good reduction ability together with ease of preparation is in high demand. Based on the pyridine-catalyzed radical borylation reaction developed in authors laboratory, they have discovered that, the reaction system consisting of a diboron(4) compound, methoxide and a pyridine derivative could smoothly produce super electron donors in situ. Two boryl-pyridine based species, the major one being a trans-2H,2’H-[2,2′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diide borate complex and the minor one being a pyridine radical anion-borate complex, were observed and carefully characterized. These complexes were organic super electron donors unprecedented in literature, and their formation mechanisms were studied by DFT calculations The diboron/methoxide/pyridine system enables the preparation of organic super electron donors from easily accessible starting materials under mild conditions, which has the potential to be a general and practical single-electron reducing agent in organic synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7SDS of cas: 116332-61-7).

N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.SDS of cas: 116332-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Treading Water: Tire Wear Particle Leachate Recreates an Urban Runoff Mortality Syndrome in Coho but Not Chum Salmon was written by McIntyre, Jenifer K.;Prat, Jasmine;Cameron, James;Wetzel, Jillian;Mudrock, Emma;Peter, Katherine T.;Tian, Zhenyu;Mackenzie, Cailin;Lundin, Jessica;Stark, John D.;King, Kennith;Davis, Jay W.;Kolodziej, Edward P.;Scholz, Nathaniel L.. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea This article mentions the following:

Tire tread wear particles (TWP) are increasingly recognized as a global pollutant of surface waters, but their impact on biota in receiving waters is rarely addressed. In the developed U.S. Pacific Northwest, acute mortality of adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) follows rain events and is correlated with roadway d. Roadway runoff exptl. triggers behavioral symptoms and associated changes in blood indicative of cardiorespiratory distress prior to death. Closely related chum salmon (O. keta) lack an equivalent response. Acute mortality of juvenile coho was recently exptl. linked to a transformation product of a tire-derived chem. We evaluated whether TWP leachate is sufficient to trigger the acute mortality syndrome in adult coho salmon. We characterized the acute response of adult coho and chum salmon to TWP leachate (survival, behavior, blood physiol.) and compared it with that caused by roadway runoff. TWP leachate was acutely lethal to coho at concentrations similar to roadway runoff, with the same behaviors and blood parameters impacted. As with runoff, chum salmon appeared insensitive to TWP leachate at concentrations lethal to coho. Our results confirm that environmentally relevant TWP exposures cause acute mortalities of a keystone aquatic species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Novel one-pot preparation of 5-methoxylated indoline and indole derivatives using a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent was written by Tohma, Hirofumi;Watanabe, Hiroaki;Takizawa, Shinobu;Maegawa, Tomohiro;Kita, Yasuyuki. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 1999.Recommanded Product: 1146-43-6 This article mentions the following:

A novel and efficient one-pot preparation of 5-methoxy-1-tosylindolines and -indoles from N-tosyl-p-anisidines and activated olefins using phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) is described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6Recommanded Product: 1146-43-6).

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Recommanded Product: 1146-43-6

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analogues of Fenarimol Are Potent Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi and Are Efficacious in a Murine Model of Chagas Disease was written by Keenan, Martine;Abbott, Michael J.;Alexander, Paul W.;Armstrong, Tanya;Best, Wayne M.;Berven, Bradley;Botero, Adriana;Chaplin, Jason H.;Charman, Susan A.;Chatelain, Eric;von Geldern, Thomas W.;Kerfoot, Maria;Khong, Andrea;Nguyen, Tien;McManus, Joshua D.;Morizzi, Julia;Ryan, Eileen;Scandale, Ivan;Thompson, R. Andrew;Wang, Sen Z.;White, Karen L.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2012.Synthetic Route of C9H10BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

We report the discovery of nontoxic fungicide fenarimol (1, I) as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the causative agent of Chagas disease, and the results of structure-activity investigations leading to potent analogs with low nM IC₅₀s in a T. cruzi whole cell in vitro assay. Lead compounds suppressed blood parasitemia to virtually undetectable levels after once daily oral dosing in mouse models of T. cruzi infection. Compounds are chem. tractable, allowing rapid optimization of target biol. activity and drug characteristics. Chem. and biol. studies undertaken in the development of the fenarimol series toward the goal of delivering a new drug candidate for Chagas disease are reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Synthetic Route of C9H10BrNO2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Synthetic Route of C9H10BrNO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

(2-Ethylhexyl)sodium: A Hexane-Soluble Reagent for Br/Na-Exchanges and Directed Metalations in Continuous Flow was written by Harenberg, Johannes H.;Weidmann, Niels;Wiegand, Alexander J.;Hoefer, Carla A.;Annapureddy, Rajasekar Reddy;Knochel, Paul. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.Electric Literature of C10H10F3NO2 This article mentions the following:

We report the on-demand generation of hexane-soluble (2-ethylhexyl)sodium (1) from 3-(chloromethyl)heptane (2) using a sodium-packed-bed reactor under continuous flow conditions. Thus, the resulting solution of 1 is free of elemental sodium and therefore suited for a range of synthetic applications. This new procedure avoids the storage of an alkylsodium and limits the handling of metallic sodium to a min. (2-Ethylhexyl)sodium (1) proved to be a very useful reagent and undergoes in-line Br/Na-exchanges as well as directed sodiations. The resulting arylsodium intermediates are subsequently trapped in batch with various electrophiles such as ketones, aldehydes, Weinreb-amides, imines, allyl bromides, disulfides and alkyl iodides. A reaction scale-up of the Br/Na-exchange using an in-line electrophile quench was also reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7Electric Literature of C10H10F3NO2).

N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Electric Literature of C10H10F3NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics