Month: February 2023

Determination of phytocomponents of twenty-one varieties of smokeless tobacco using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was written by Alhazmi, Hassan A.;Khalid, Asaad;Sultana, Shahnaz;Abdelwahab, Siddig I.;Ahsan, Waquar;Oraiby, Magbool E.;Al Brattya, Mohammad. And the article was included in South African Journal of Chemistry in 2019.Electric Literature of C11H13NO2 This article mentions the following:

Smokeless tobacco (ST) leaves are being consumed by millions in Middle Eastern countries including Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen, where the locally manufactured form is called shammah. We intended to explore and compare the phytocomponents of 21 different varieties of shammah that are commonly available in different cities of Jazan province of Saudi Arabia using gas chromatog.-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 61 different constituents were tentatively identified in these samples including both hazardous and non-hazardous compounds Solvents of different polarity, such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water were used to prepare the extracts Interestingly, a number of new and unusual constituents were identified in some samples. N-methoxycarbonyl-amphetamine was detected as 6.76%, 4.88% and 2.58% of total compounds in Khadrah, Arishi and Sudani shammah samples, resp. Similarly, the presence of caffeine (0.44-1.41%) in Adani cold from Jazan city and Abu Arish and Adani hot shammah from Abu Arish suggested the possibility of adulteration. Extremely hazardous arsenic and benzopyran derivatives were present in Sudani shammah from Sabya in small but significant amounts Furthermore, carcinogenic components were also detected in significant amounts which indicate a relation between ST amounts used and different types of cancer, especially oral cancer. Chemometric hierarchical cluster anal. (HCA) revealed the existence of sufficient differences between samples from different extracts based on the polarity and dendrograms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0Electric Literature of C11H13NO2).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Electric Literature of C11H13NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Antidiabetic Action of Mcy Protein: Studies on Gene Expression and Competitive Binding to Insulin Receptors was written by Marella, Saritha;Kotha, Peddanna;Nabi, S. Abdul;Girish, B. P.;Badri, Kameswara Rao;Chippada, Apparao. And the article was included in Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology in 2022.Computed Properties of C23H28ClN3O5S This article mentions the following:

Mcy protein, isolated from the fruits of Momordica cymbalaria, was shown to have antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic activities along with renal as well as hepatoprotective activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mcy protein was shown to have insulin-like structure and/or function and/or insulin secretagogue activity. Hence, the present study was conducted to elucidate the mol. mechanism whereby Mcy protein elicits its therapeutic role and also to know whether the Mcy protein has any structural and functional similarity with insulin. Exprements revealed that the Mcy protein is insulin-like protein. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of treatment with Mcy protein on the glucose transport (levels of glucose transporter, GLUT-2) and on the levels of key regulators of glucose and lipid metabolisms like hepatic glucokinase (GK) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). Our findings demonstrated that Mcy protein elevated the expressions of GK, SREBP-1c, and GLUT-2 that were decreased in diabetic animals. Insulin-receptor binding studies using rat erythrocytes demonstrated that mean specific binding of insulin with insulin receptors was significantly increased in Mcy-treated diabetic rats when compared to diabetic control rats. Scatchard analyses of insulin binding studies yielded curvilinear plots, and the number of receptor sites per cell was found to be 180 ± 21.1 in Mcy-treated diabetic animals and found to be significantly superior to those of diabetic control animals. Kinetic analyses also revealed an increase in the average receptor affinity of erythrocytes of Mcy-treated rats compared to diabetic control rats suggesting acute alteration in the number and affinity of insulin receptors on the membranes of erythrocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Computed Properties of C23H28ClN3O5S).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Computed Properties of C23H28ClN3O5S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mild, rapid and efficient metal-free synthesis of 2-aryl-4-aryloxyquinolines via direct C²_sp-O bond formation by using diaryliodonium salts was written by Nahide, Pradip D.;Solorio-Alvarado, Cesar R.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2017.Product Details of 2670-38-4 This article mentions the following:

An efficient ligand- and transition metal-free procedure for the direct C²_sp-O bond formation for the arylation of 2-aryl-4-quinolones I (R = 3,5-difluorophenyl, benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl, 4-chlorophenyl, etc.) was developed. The synthesis of the starting quinolones I was carried out under our optimized Cu-catalyzed C-N bond formation conditions between 2′-bromoacetophenone and benzamide derivatives RC(O)NH₂ followed by cyclization. Easily prepared diaryliodonium salts C₆H₅I(X)(C₆H₄R¹) (R¹ = 4-NO₂, 4-CF₃, 2-Br; X = OTf, NO₃) were used as aryl source. Highly functionalized 4-aryloxyquinolines II were obtained in a mild and operationally simple protocol, which involves conventional heating and short periods of time. The method shows good to excellent yields and broad toleration of functional groups like fluorine or trifluoromethyl, which are important in medicinal chem. The C²_sp-O bond formation process herein described for the quinolone functionalization offers an excellent non-toxic alternative to the transition metal-catalyzed reactions that not only can potentially contaminate the final compounds but also can be environmental pollutants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Product Details of 2670-38-4).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Product Details of 2670-38-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Practical catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquin-azolinones by chiral bronsted acid catalysis was written by Guo, Yongbiao;Gao, Zhenhua;Li, Junchen;Bi, Xiaojing;Shi, Enxue;Xiao, Junhua. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: 119023-25-5 This article mentions the following:

Herein, The highly efficient and practical synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolinones I [R¹ = n-Pr, cyclohexyl, Ph, etc.; R² = H, Me, allyl; R³ = H, Me; R⁴ = H, 6-Me, 7-Cl, etc.; X = O, S] directly from diverse aldehydes with excellent yields and enantioselectivity was reported. Particularly, this protocol afforded better enantiocontrol for aliphatic aldehydes (up to 99% yield, 97% ee), which always gave unsatisfactory results in the previous studies. Moreover, this catalytic system showed wide tolerance to different functional groups such as alkenyl, nitro and halogens. Most importantly, its practicability was well elucidated via the gram-scale synthesis of different types of products at 0.1 mol% catalyst loading and the simplified work-up procedure. To better understand the reaction pathway and origin of the enantioselectivity, DFT calculations were also performed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5Recommanded Product: 119023-25-5).

2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Recommanded Product: 119023-25-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HDLs extract lipophilic drugs from cells was written by Zheng, Adi;Dubuis, Gilles;Georgieva, Maria;Ferreira, Carla Susana Mendes;Serulla, Marc;del Carmen Conde Rubio, Maria;Trofimenko, Evgeniya;Mercier, Thomas;Decosterd, Laurent;Widmann, Christian. And the article was included in Journal of Cell Science in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide This article mentions the following:

High-d. lipoproteins (HDLs) prevent cell death induced by a variety of cytotoxic drugs. The underlying mechanisms are however still poorly understood. Here, we present evidence that HDLs efficiently protect cells against thapsigargin (TG), a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor, by extracting the drug from cells. Drug efflux could also be triggered to some extent by low-d. lipoproteins and serum. HDLs did not reverse the non-lethal mild ER stress response induced by low TG concentrations or by SERCA knockdown, but HDLs inhibited the toxic SERCA-independent effects mediated by high TG concentrations HDLs could extract other lipophilic compounds, but not hydrophilic substances. This work shows that HDLs utilize their capacity of loading themselves with lipophilic compounds, akin to their ability to extract cellular cholesterol, to reduce the cell content of hydrophobic drugs. This can be beneficial if lipophilic xenobiotics are toxic but may be detrimental to the therapeutic benefit of lipophilic drugs such as glibenclamide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Application In Synthesis of 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Application In Synthesis of 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Determination of primary amines by benzenesulfonylation/GC with flame photometric detection was written by Ohrui, Satoshi;Kataoka, Hiroyuki;Miyamoto, Yoshiaki;Ohtsuka, Kimiyo Takeda;Nakita, Masami. And the article was included in Bunseki Kagaku in 1991.Name: N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

A selective and sensitive GC (gas chromatog.) method is described for the determination of primary amines. After benzenesulfonylation of by the Hinsberg reaction, primary amines were completely separated from secondary amines by extraction with hexane in 50% KOH-22.5% MeOH solution Benzenesulfonyl derivatives of primary amines in acidic aqueous layer were extracted by Et₂O and determined by GC with flame photometric detection (FPD-GC) using a DB-1 capillary column. The FPD-GC calibration curves of amines were linear in the range of 20-1000 ng for the derivatives and the detection limits were about 10-100 pg as injection amounts This was >20 times more sensitive than the results obtained by GC with flame ionization detection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5Name: N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide).

N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Name: N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pyruvate Enolate Arylation and Alkylation: OBO Ester Protected Pyruvates as Useful Reagents in Organic Synthesis was written by Alves Esteves, C. Henrique;Hall, Christopher J. J.;Smith, Peter D.;Donohoe, Timothy J.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2017.Quality Control of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide This article mentions the following:

The protected pyruvate equivalent I (R = H) underwent chemoselective monoarylation with aryl bromides and selected aryl chlorides in the presence of Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ {dtbpf = 1,1′-bis[di(tert-butyl)phosphino]ferrocene} using NaOt-Bu as base in THF to yield protected arylpyruvates such as I [R = 4-MeC₆H₄, 2-MeC₆H₄, 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂, 2-FC₆H₄, 4-F₃CC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄, 3-MeOC₆H₄, 4-TBDMSOC₆H₄, 4-Me₂NC₆H₄, 2-H₂C:CHC₆H₄, 4-H₂C:CHC₆H₄, 4-MeOMeNCOC₆H₄, 2-thienyl, 4-(4-morpholinylcarbonyl)C₆H₄, 5-benzothienyl, 1-Me-5-indolyl, 8-isoquinolinyl, Ph, 9-anthracenyl, 4-MeOC₆H₄]. Sequential diarylations or one-pot arylation-alkylation sequences were also performed to yield a variety of substituted protected arylpyruvates such as II. Arylpyruvate orthoesters were converted to Et arylpyruvates using p-toluenesulfonic acid and ethanol in 63-91% yields; a protected arylpyruvate orthoester was converted directly to the corresponding arylpyruvic acid. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Quality Control of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Quality Control of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Tetraethylphosphorodiamidate (OP(O)(NEt₂)₂) Directed Metalation Group (DMG). Directed ortho and Lateral Metalation and the Phospha Anionic Fries Rearrangement was written by Alessi, Manlio;Patel, Jignesh J.;Zumbansen, Kristina;Snieckus, Victor. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Application of 19311-91-2 This article mentions the following:

We report on the tetraethylphosphorodiamidate (-OP(O)(NEt₂)₂) group as an effective directed metalation group (DMG). Directed ortho-lithiation-electrophile quench of ArOP(O)(NEt₂)₂ (1a–e; Ar = substituted Ph, 2-naphthyl) provides a general synthesis of ortho-substituted aryl and naphthyl phosphorodiamidates. We also describe the phospha anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement of the phosphorodiamidates 1a,b, giving phosphonates 3-R-2-[P(O)(NEt₂)₂]C₆H₃OH its vinylogous counterpart to the ortho-tolyl phosphorodiamidates. Intermol. competition experiments demonstrate the approx. equal DMG strength of the -OP(O)(NEt₂)₂ and the most powerful OCONEt₂ groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Application of 19311-91-2).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Application of 19311-91-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Radical Cations of Trialkylamines: ESR Spectra and Structures was written by de Meijere, Armin;Chaplinski, Vladimir;Gerson, Fabian;Merstetter, Pascal;Haselbach, Edwin. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1999.Application In Synthesis of N-Cyclopropylformamide This article mentions the following:

Novel syntheses of cyclopropyldiisopropylamine (15), di-tert-butylcyclopropylamine (16), dicyclopropylisopropylamine (17), and tricyclopropylamine (18) are described. Hyperfine data were determined by ESR spectroscopy for the radical cations of these trialkylamines, as well as for those of ethyldiisopropylamine (10), diisopropyl-n-propylamine (11), dicyclohexylethylamine (12), diisopropyl-3-pentylamine (14), and 1-azabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane (manxine; 27). The radical cation of triisopropylamine (13) was reexamined under conditions of improved spectral resolution Coupling constants of the ¹⁴N nucleus and the β-protons in the radical cations of 18 trialkylamines provide reliable information about the geometries of these species, which are confirmed by theor. calculations With the exception of a few oligo-cyclic amines, for which flattening is impaired by the rigid mol. framework, all of the radical cations should be planar. Correlation between the observed coupling constants of the β-protons and the calculated <cos² θ> values of the dihedral angle θ, defining the conformation of the alkyl substituent or the azacycloalkane, is verified. Upon oxidation, striking changes occur for those amines that have cyclopropyl substituents, because of the tendency of these groups to assume a perpendicular conformation in the neutral amines and a bisected orientation in the corresponding radical cations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Cyclopropylformamide (cas: 58644-54-5Application In Synthesis of N-Cyclopropylformamide).

N-Cyclopropylformamide (cas: 58644-54-5) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Application In Synthesis of N-Cyclopropylformamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Screening of ligands for the Ullmann synthesis of electron-rich diaryl ethers was written by Otto, Nicola;Opatz, Till. And the article was included in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2012.Application In Synthesis of N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide This article mentions the following:

In the search for ligands for the Ullmann diaryl ether synthesis, permitting the coupling of electron-rich aryl bromides at relatively low temperatures, 56 structurally diverse multidentate ligands were screened in a model system that uses copper iodide in acetonitrile with potassium phosphate as the base. The ligands differed largely in their performance, but no privileged structural class could be identified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1Application In Synthesis of N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide).

N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Application In Synthesis of N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics