Month: February 2023

Redox Cyclization of Amides and Sulfonamides with Nitrous Oxide for Direct Synthesis of Heterocycles was written by Lai, Zhencheng;Wang, Chaorong;Li, Jiaming;Cui, Sunliang. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Electric Literature of C9H13NO2S This article mentions the following:

A redox cyclization of amides R¹C(O)NHR² (R¹ = C₆H₅, 1-naphthyl, 5-methylthiophen-2-yl, etc.; R² = Me, t-Bu, cyclopropyl, etc.) and sulfonamides 4-R³C₆H₄S(O)₂NHR⁴ (R³ = H, Me, t-Bu, Ph, OMe, Cl; R⁴ = Me, t-Bu, cyclopropyl, etc.) with nitrous oxide (N₂O) for the direct synthesis of heterocycles, e.g., I has been described. Various amides and sulfonamides could undergo directed ortho metalation (DoM) by treatment with BuLi, and the lithium intermediate could be trapped by N₂O gas to achieve redox cyclization. N₂O serves as an N-atom donor to mediate the intramol. coupling of lithium species toward heterocycle formation with free external oxidant. This protocol offers a direct synthesis of heterocycles with features of readily available starting materials, simple operation, and a broad substrate scope. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5Electric Literature of C9H13NO2S).

N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Electric Literature of C9H13NO2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photodegradation of herbicide triasulfuron was written by Pusino, Alba;Braschi, Ilaria;Petretto, Salvatore;Gessa, Carlo. And the article was included in Pesticide Science in 1999.Formula: C8H10ClNO3S This article mentions the following:

Triasulfuron was degraded in aqueous solution by UV irradiation to yield 2-chloroethoxybenzene and (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)urea. The reaction followed first-order kinetics. In sunlight, the reaction was slower and afforded these two photoproducts together with 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methyltriazine and 2-(2-chloroethoxy)benzenesulfonamide. The latter compounds arise from hydrolytic cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge of triasulfuron, because of the acidity of the reaction medium due to the release of sulfur dioxide. A mechanism which accounts for the formation of the photoproducts is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Chloroethoxy)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 82097-01-6Formula: C8H10ClNO3S).

2-(2-Chloroethoxy)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 82097-01-6) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Formula: C8H10ClNO3S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tranilast Treatment Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through the Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses Mediated by NF-κB and PPARs was written by Zhuo, Yue;Zhuo, Jun. And the article was included in Clinical and Translational Science in 2019.COA of Formula: C18H17NO5 This article mentions the following:

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when blood supply returns to tissue after interruption, which is associated with life-threatening inflammatory response. Tranilast is a widely used antiallergic agent in the treatment against bronchial asthma and keloid. To study the function of tranilast, we used IRI in rat models. The brain tissues of IRI rats with or without tranilast treatment were collected. Neuronal apoptosis in the brain was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling assay, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured by quant. real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. The expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of κB (IκB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that tranilast treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis in the brain of IRI rats. Tranilast enhanced the short-term memory and long-term memory to novel object recognition paradigm. Tranilast treatment decreased the mRNA (mRNA) and protein levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, and affected NF-κB and inhibitor of kappa B protein expressions. Tranilast promoted the expressions of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ. Our findings demonstrate that tranilast treatment could attenuate cerebral IRI by regulating the inflammatory cytokine production and PPAR expression. Tranilast is a potential drug for IRI treatment in the clinic. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8COA of Formula: C18H17NO5).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.COA of Formula: C18H17NO5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Geraniol ameliorated serum lipid profile and improved antioxidant defense system in pancreas, liver and heart tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats was written by Eskandari, Negin;Bahramikia, Seifollah;Mohammadi, Abdelnasser;Taati, Majid;Jafarabad, Saba Safari. And the article was included in Biologia (Cham, Switzerland) in 2022.Product Details of 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:

There is accumulating evidence that showing oxidative stress plays a critical role in the progression of diabetes. It was reported that geraniol, as monoterpenoid alc., has antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of geraniol on serum lipid parameters and antioxidant defense systems in the pancreas, liver, and heart tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty albino wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, including (I) control group, (II) diabetic group, (III) the diabetic group treated with glibenclamide, (IV) the diabetic group treated with 200 mg/kg geraniol, and (V) the diabetic group receiving the geraniol solvent for four weeks. At the end of treatment, serum glucose level, lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL, and HDL), liver aminotransferases (ALT, AST), and ALP activities in different groups were measured. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as a lipid peroxidation marker, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were assessed in pancreas, liver, and heart tissues of different groups. The result indicated that treatment with geraniol decreased fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, whereas the blood high-d. lipoprotein -cholesterol level was elevated. In addition, treatment of diabetic rats with geraniol increased the activity of GPx and SOD antioxidant enzymes and decreased the MDA content as a marker of lipid peroxidation in the pancreas, liver, and heart tissues as compared to the diabetic rats. Due to the high potential of geraniol in lowering blood sugar and oxidative parameters in the various tissues of diabetic rats, the antioxidant property of geraniol is the most likely mechanism for its hypoglycemic effect. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Product Details of 10238-21-8).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Product Details of 10238-21-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exposure of 19 substances to lung A549 cells at the air liquid interface or under submerged conditions reveals high correlation between cytotoxicity in vitro and CLP classifications for acute lung toxicity was written by Gohlsch, Katrin;Mueckter, Harald;Steinritz, Dirk;Aufderheide, Michaela;Hoffmann, Sebastian;Gudermann, Thomas;Breit, Andreas. And the article was included in Toxicology Letters in 2019.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

In vivo experiments are still widely used for the testing of lung toxicity but there is an ethical and legal obligation to replace, reduce and refine animal testing. Lung A549 cells could serve as an in vitro indicator for acute lung toxicity but little data about the correlation of the cytotoxicity in A549 cells and data leading to CLP classifications are available. The authors exposed A549 cells to 19 CLP-classified substances with doses of 25, 50, and 100μg/Cm² either under submerged (SME) condition or with aerosols at the air-liquid interface (ALIF) and determined accuracy, precision, sensitivity and the F1 score with the CLP classifications H330, H332, or H335. When data from both exposure methods were combined, the authors found accuracies of 0.84, precisions of 0.74, sensitivities of 0.93 and F1 scores of 0.82. Separated from each other, ALIF exposure was more sensitive at any dose but, at higher doses, also less accurate and precise compared to SME. Considering the 19 substances tested, the authors’ data suggest that cytotoxicity in A549 cells could be a reliable in vitro indicator for in vivo toxicity. Thus, the authors discuss how A549 could be integrated into validation test guidelines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety and tolerability of available urate-lowering drugs: a critical review was written by Strilchuk, Larysa;Fogacci, Federica;Cicero, Arrigo Fg. And the article was included in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety in 2019.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is the cornerstone of gout management, which is a widespread chronic illness characterized by hyperuricemia, arthropathy, tophus development, and urolithiasis. Since asymptomatic increased serum urate levels are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic disorders, a larger use of ULTs in the general population is expected in the near future. This review will focus on the safety and tolerability profile of the available urate-lowering drugs: xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs), uricosuric agents and injectable uricases. Older drugs for ULT like allopurinol are well studied and extensively described from typical adverse effects (mild skin rash) to unusual fatal reactions, while febuxostat seems to be overall well tolerated. More evidence is required to define the safety profile of topiroxostat, arhalofenate, tranilast, and sulfinpyrazone. Furthermore, there are some unanswered questions about the pharmacol. interactions of probenecid and the hepatotoxicity of benzbromarone. Despite a limited use in clin. practice, combination therapy with lesinurad or verinurad and XOI is not frequently accompanied by side effects. Rasburicase and pegloticase are usually well tolerated with some specific exceptions. Before prescribing UL drugs, physicians should take into account their safety profile tailoring the treatment on the patient characteristics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Research on FTIR analysis of Populus nigra L. lignin structure changes in different bleaching processes was written by Zhao, Qiang;Sun, Dezhi;Pu, Junwen;Jin, Xiaojuan;Xing, Mian. And the article was included in Advanced Materials Research (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) in 2011.Reference of 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

To study the bleaching mechanisms of H₂O₂ bleaching, H₂O₂ displacement bleaching and H₂O₂/TAED bleaching, three kinds of lignin bleached with above processes were obtained. Three types of treated Populus nigra L lignins structure were identified and the functional groups were quantitied by FTIR. In contrast, the deacetylation and the breakage of ester bonds in H₂O₂/TAED bleaching system was much more significant. The total carbonyl group of H₂O₂ bleached lignin decreased 6.6% while displacement bleached lignin and H₂O₂/TAED bleached lignin decreased 9.2% and 15.8% resp. The PT bleaching process had stronger oxidability to destroy the syringyl units in lignin. The breakage of ether bonds and alc. hydroxyl dehydration in side chain increased after bleaching. In contrast, the stronger destroyed effect on guaiacyl dialkyl ether bond with PT bleaching processes. The conclusions obtained may interpret H₂O₂ displacement bleaching and H₂O₂/TAED bleaching systems have better bleaching efficiency than H₂O₂ bleaching system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Reference of 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Reference of 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Glibenclamide as a neuroprotective antidementia drug was written by Zubov, Alexander;Muruzheva, Zamira;Tikhomirova, Maria;Karpenko, Marina. And the article was included in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry in 2022.Computed Properties of C23H28ClN3O5S This article mentions the following:

In the view of progressively aging human population and increased occurrence of dysmetabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment becomes a major threat to the national health. To date, the mol. mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction are partially described for diabetes and diseases of different nature, such as Alzheimer disease or Parkinson disease. The emergence of data pointing towards pleotropic effects of hypoglycemic medicines indicates involvement of their targets in pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. We are aiming here to review available data on the most widely used hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide and find possible relationship of its targets to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Computed Properties of C23H28ClN3O5S).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Computed Properties of C23H28ClN3O5S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cold pad-batch pretreatment of cotton fabrics with H₂O₂/TBCC activation system was written by Liang, Xiao-ling;Hou, Ai-qin. And the article was included in Yinran in 2012.Recommanded Product: 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

The hydrogen peroxide/TBCC activation system is used to cold pad-batch pretreatment of cotton fabrics. The influences of the dosage of activator, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide in hydrogen peroxide/TBCC system, temperature and time on fabric whiteness, capillary effect and breaking strength are investigated and compared with hydrogen peroxide/TAED activation system. The optimized cold pad-batch pretreatment of cotton fabric is as follows: H₂O₂ (30%) 40 g/L,TBCC 4 g/L, scouring agent LFD 5 g/L, NaOH 10 g/L, Na₂SiO₃ 5 g/L, penetrating agent JFC 5 g/L, batching at 25 °C for 8 h. The effects of the hydrogen peroxide/TBCC activation system is better than those of hydrogen peroxide/TAED system. Compared with traditional process, hydrogen peroxide /TBCC process features less alkali dosage, shortened time and lower temperature in batching. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Recommanded Product: 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Recommanded Product: 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Supported palladium catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides employing bench-stable CO and NH₃ surrogates was written by Shaifali;Sheetal;Bains, Rohit;Kumar, Ajay;Ram, Shankar;Das, Pralay. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2020.SDS of cas: 2670-38-4 This article mentions the following:

A simple, efficient and phosphine free protocol for carbonylative synthesis of primary aromatic amides under polystyrene supported palladium (Pd@PS) nanoparticle (NP) catalyzed conditions has been demonstrated. Herein, instead of using two toxic and difficult to handle gases simultaneously, we have employed the solid, economical, bench stable oxalic acid as the CO source and ammonium carbamate as the NH₃ source in a single pot reaction. For the first time, we have applied two non-gaseous surrogates simultaneously under heterogeneous catalyst (Pd@PS) conditions for the synthesis of primary amides using an easy to handle double-vial (DV) system. The developed strategy showed a good functional group tolerance towards a wide range of aryl iodides and afforded primary aromatic amides in good yields. The Pd@PS catalyst was easy to sep. and can be recycled up to four consecutive runs with small loss in catalytic activity. We have successfully extended the scope of the methodol. to the synthesis of isoindole-1,3-diones from 1,2-dihalobenzene, 2-halobenzoates and 2-halobenzoic acid following double and single carbonylative cyclization approaches. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4SDS of cas: 2670-38-4).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.SDS of cas: 2670-38-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics