Month: February 2023

Synthesis of 3,4-difluorobenzonitrile was written by Chen, Qiang;Zhang, Shaohui;Cheng, Zhiming. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong Zhongjianti in 2006.Recommanded Product: 2670-38-4 This article mentions the following:

3,4-Difluorobenzonitrile is an important intermediate of selective herbicide, cyhalofop Bu. 3,4-Difluorobenzonitrile was synthesized by 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride through amidation, dehydration and fluorination. The yield was 39.8%, and the content was 99.0%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Recommanded Product: 2670-38-4).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Recommanded Product: 2670-38-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Global trends in research of gouty arthritis over past decade: a bibliometric analysis was written by Deng, Pin;Wang, Shulong;Sun, Xiaojie;Qi, Yinze;Ma, Zhanhua;Pan, Xuyue;Liang, Huan;Wu, Junde;Chen, Zhaojun. And the article was included in Frontiers in Immunology in 2022.Safety of 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid This article mentions the following:

Gouty arthritis (GA), as a multifactorial disease, is characterised by intense pain, active inflammation symptoms, and swollen joints. It has utterly complex pathogenesis, of which the amount of research publications on GA has increased during the last few decades. A bibliometric anal. was carried out to investigate the trends, frontiers, and hot spots in global scientific output in GA research over the last decade. We retrieved the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for publications and recorded information published from 2012 to 2021. we carried out the bibliometric anal. and visualisation anal. of the overall distribution of annual outputs, leading countries, active institutions, journals, authors, co-cited references, and keywords with the VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The impact and quality of papers were assessed using a global citation score (GCS). We retrieved 2052 articles and reviews in total. The annual number of publications (Np) related to GA research has increased during the latest decade. China published the most papers, and the USA achieved the highest H-index and number of citations (Nc). The League of European Research Universities (LERU) and Clin. Rheumatol. (Clin Rheumatol) are the most productive institutions and periodicals. The total GCS of the paper written by Kottgen, A. in 2013 was 479, ranking the first. The most common keywords were “Gout,” “hyperuricemia,” and “gouty arthritis.” This research revealed that though there was a slight fluctuation in publications related to GA, the Np raised on the whole. China was an enormous creator, and the USA was an influential nation in this domain. The top three contributor authors were Dalbeth, N., Singh, JA., and Choi, HK. There were few investigations on the treatment of GA by Chinese medicine monomer, and the “mechanism,” “pathway”, “nf- kappa-b”, “injury”, “receptor”, and “animal model” were growing research hotspots. Our research illustrated the hotspots of research and development trends in the research field of GA during the last decade. Recognition of the most critical indicators (researchers, countries, institutes, and journals for the release of GA research), hotspots in the research field of GA can be helpful for countries, scholars, and policymakers in this field to understand GA better make decisions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Safety of 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Safety of 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Influence of Intravenous Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Functional Activity of KATP Channels of Pial Arteries after Ischemia/Reperfusion of the Brain was written by Sokolova, I. B.;Gorshkova, O. P.;Pavlichenko, N. N.. And the article was included in Cell and Tissue Biology in 2022.Product Details of 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:

The aim of this work was to study the effect of i.v. transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the functional state of KATP channels of smooth-muscle cells of cerebral arteries at different times of the postischemic period. Using a device for intravital visualization of pial vessels, the reaction of arteries to the KATP-channel blocker glibenclamide (GC), the activator of the same channels of pinacidil (PI), acetylcholine (ACh), and ACh against a background of GC action (ACh/GC) 7, 14, and 21 days after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and i.v. hMSC transplantation. On exposure to GC 7 days after I/R, two to five times fewer arteries narrowed than in the SO group and 1.5 times fewer expanded after PI. The introduction of hMSCs on the day of I/R of the brain after 7 days had no effect on the functioning of KATP channels: the constrictor reaction to GC and the dilator reaction to PI in this group were the same as in animals that underwent I/R. Fourteen days after I/R, the number of narrowed pial arteries on GC was 1.5-2 times less than in SO rats; the number of arteries that responded with dilatation to PI was 2-2.5 times less. In the cell-therapy group, for 14 days after I/R, the number of pial arteries that narrowed under the influence of GC and expanded under that of PI almost completely corresponded to those in SO rats. On day 21 after I/R, complete recovery of pial-artery responses to GC to the level in LO rats was observed In the cell-therapy group, the reactivity of the pial arteries fully corresponded to the indicators in the SO group of animals. The functional state of KATP channels after I/R of the brain was assessed by comparing the dilator reactions of the pial arteries when exposed to pure ACh and ACh against a background of KATP channels being blocked with glibenclamide (ACh/GC). In SO animals, GC blocked the dilator reaction to ACh. The application of ACh against the background of GC increased the number of dilatations 7-14 days after I/R. After 21 days, the number of dilated vessels on exposure to ACh and ACh/GC was the same. In animals with transplanted hMSCs, excluding the first 7 days, GC blocked the dilator reaction of the pial arteries to ACh in the same way as in the SO group. It can be concluded that I/R of the rat cerebral cortex reduces the contribution of KATP channels to maintaining the basal tone of the pial arterial vessels. Changes persist for 14 days after ischemic exposure. At the same time, in the period from 7 to 21 days after I/R, the role of KATP channels in the dilatation of pial arteries on ACh decreased and by day 21 channels practically did not participate in the dilator response. I.v. transplantation of hMSCs on the day of brain I/R results in earlier (as early as after 14 days) restoration of participation of SMC KATP channels in maintaining the basal tone and ACh-mediated dilatation of pial arteries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Product Details of 10238-21-8).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Product Details of 10238-21-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of functionalised 4H-quinolizin-4-ones via tandem Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination/cyclisation was written by Muir, Calum W.;Kennedy, Alan R.;Redmond, Joanna M.;Watson, Allan J. B.. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2013.Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide This article mentions the following:

4H-Quinolizin-4-ones are a unique class of heterocycle with valuable physicochem. properties and which are emerging as key pharmacophores for a range of biol. targets. A tandem Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination/cyclization method has been developed to allow facile access to substituted 4H-quinolizin-4-ones encoded with a range of functional groups. E.g., tandem Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination/cyclization of 1-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanone (I) with tri-Et phosphonoacetate gave 92% 4H-quinolizin-4-one derivative (II). I was prepared as 3:1 keto:enol and approx. 3.8:1 enol olefin stereoisomers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Novel and efficient one-pot tandem synthesis of tryptanthrin derivatives for biological activity was written by Rama Krishnam Raju, Addada;Venkata Reddy, Regalla;Venkateswara Rao, Anna. And the article was included in International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences in 2018.Related Products of 54166-95-9 This article mentions the following:

The derivatives of tryptanthrins I [R = H, 1-Me, 2-Br, etc; R¹ = H, 8-OMe, 8-Br, etc.] were prepared from three schemes. Those tryptanthrin derivatives I were characterized by NMR study. Treatment of an equimolar mixture of anthranilamides and 2-bromoacetophenones afforded indolo[2,1-b]-quinazoline-6,12-diones (tryptanthrin). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9Related Products of 54166-95-9).

6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Related Products of 54166-95-9

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

C-H Oxygenation Reactions Enabled by Dual Catalysis with Electrogenerated Hypervalent Iodine Species and Ruthenium Complexes was written by Massignan, Leonardo;Tan, Xuefeng;Meyer, Tjark H.;Kuniyil, Rositha;Messinis, Antonis M.;Ackermann, Lutz. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.COA of Formula: C9H10BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

The catalytic generation of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents by anodic electrooxidation was orchestrated towards an unprecedented electrocatalytic C-H oxygenation of weakly coordinating aromatic amides and ketones. Thus, catalytic quantities of iodoarenes in concert with catalytic amounts of ruthenium(II) complexes set the stage for versatile C-H activations with ample scope and high functional group tolerance. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment and computation substantiate the role of the iodoarene as the electrochem. relevant species towards C-H oxygenations with electricity as a sustainable oxidant and mol. hydrogen as the sole byproduct. Para-Selective C-H oxygenations likewise proved viable in the absence of directing groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2COA of Formula: C9H10BrNO2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.COA of Formula: C9H10BrNO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tranilast ameliorated subchronic silver nanoparticles-induced cerebral toxicity in rats: Effect on TLR4/NLRP3 and Nrf-2 was written by Fahmy, Eslam K.;El-Sherbiny, Mohamed;Said, Eman;Elkattawy, Hany A.;Qushawy, Mona;Elsherbiny, Nehal. And the article was included in NeuroToxicology in 2021.COA of Formula: C18H17NO5 This article mentions the following:

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely applied in various aspects of life. However, recent studies reported their potential toxicity both on environment and human health. The present study aimed to unravel the underlying mol. mechanisms involved in AgNPs-induced brain toxicity. Moreover, chemopreventive effect of tranilast, an analog of tryptophan metabolite and a mast cell membrane stabilizer was evaluated. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were enrolled equally into Normal control group, AgNPs-intoxicated group (50 mg/kg, 3 times/wk) and tranilast (300 mg/kg, 3 times/wk)+AgNPs group. AgNPs administration triggered brain oxidative stress as depicted by reduced Nrf-2 expression, decreased TAC and GSH as well as upregulated brain lipid peroxidation The apparent brain oxidative damage was accompanied by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-β1;, IL-6 and TNF-α). Moreover, brain levels of TLR4, NLRP3 and caspase-1 were up-regulated. Addnl., histol. study indicated marked cellular injury in cerebrum and cerebellum specimens. This was concomitant with elevated serum CK activity and CK-BB level. On the other hand, tanilast administration remarkably alleviated AgNPs-induced brain toxicity. The present study shed the light on implication of TLR4/NLRP3 axis and NrF2 in AgNPs-induced brain toxicity. In addition, it explored the potential protective effect of tranilast on AgNPs-induced brain injury via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8COA of Formula: C18H17NO5).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.COA of Formula: C18H17NO5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Providing a New Aniline Bioisostere through the Photochemical Production of 1-Aminonorbornanes was written by Staveness, Daryl;Sodano, Taylor M.;Li, Kangjun;Burnham, Elizabeth A.;Jackson, Klarissa D.;Stephenson, Corey R. J.. And the article was included in Chem in 2019.Formula: C13H24N2O This article mentions the following:

The photochem. conversion of aminocyclopropanes into 1-aminonorbornanes via formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions initiated by homolytic fragmentation of amine radical cation intermediates was described. Aligned with the modern movement toward sp³-rich motifs in drug discovery, this strategy provided access to a diverse array of substitution patterns on this saturated carbocyclic framework while offered the robust functional-group tolerance (e.g., -OH, -NHBoc) necessary for further derivatization. The metabolic stability was evaluated for selected morpholine-based 1-aminonorbornanes demonstrated a low propensity for oxidative processing and no proclivity toward reactive metabolite formation, suggested a potential bioisosteric role for 1-aminonorbornanes. Continuous-flow processing allowed for efficient operation on the gram scale, provided promise for translation to industrially relevant scales. This methodol. only required low loadings of a com. available, visible-light-active photocatalyst and a simple salt; thus, it stayed true to sustainability goals while readily delivered saturated building blocks that reduced metabolic susceptibility within drug development programs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Formula: C13H24N2O).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Formula: C13H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

I₂-Catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling: rapid access to benzoxazinones and quinazolinones was written by Chen, Kaili;Gao, Biao;Shang, Yanguo;Du, Jianyao;Gu, Qinlan;Wang, Jinxin. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2017.Computed Properties of C11H15NO2 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and applicable I₂-catalyzed intramol. dehydrogenative C-O/C-N coupling reaction via activating the C-H bond adjacent to the N atom has been developed to provide dozens of substituted benzoxazinones I (R¹ = H, 8-OMe, 6-F, etc.; R² = Me, Et, Bn, etc.; R³ = C₆H₅, 4-H₃CC₆H₄, 4-FC₆H₄, etc.; X = O, S) (31 examples) and quinazolinones, e.g. II (5 examples) in good to excellent yields (up to 98%). This one-pot methodol. has significant advantages, including a metal-free process, broad substrate scope, high atom economy, and simple operation. This strategy goes through an iminium intermediate followed by nucleophilic attack to provide the desired products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Computed Properties of C11H15NO2).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Computed Properties of C11H15NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mechanically Flexible Organic Crystals Achieved by Introducing Weak Interactions in Structure: Supramolecular Shape Synthons was written by Krishna, Gamidi Rama;Devarapalli, Ramesh;Lal, Garima;Reddy, C. Malla. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2016.Formula: C7H5Cl2NO This article mentions the following:

Controlling mech. properties of ordered organic materials remains a formidable challenge, despite their great potential for high performance mech. actuators, transistors, solar cells, photonics, and bioelectronics. A crystal engineering approach to design mech. reconfigurable, plastically flexible single crystals (of ∼10) of 3 unrelated types of compounds was demonstrated by introducing active slip planes in structures via different noninterfering supramol. weak interactions, van der Waals (vdW), π-stacking, and H bonding groups. Spherical hydrophobic groups, which assemble via shape complementarity (shape synthons), reliably form low energy slip planes, thus facilitating an impressive mech. flexibility, which allowed molding the crystals into alphabetical characters to spell out o r g a n i c c r y s t a l. The study, which reports the preparation of exotic plastic crystals by design, demonstrates the potential of soft interactions for tuning the mech. behavior of ordered mol. materials, including those from π-conjugated systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Formula: C7H5Cl2NO).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Formula: C7H5Cl2NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics