Antioxidant effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide in tendinopathy was written by Yamaura, Kohei;Mifune, Yutaka;Inui, Atsuyuki;Nishimoto, Hanako;Kurosawa, Takashi;Mukohara, Shintaro;Hoshino, Yuichi;Niikura, Takahiro;Kuroda, Ryosuke. And the article was included in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders in 2022.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Abstract: Background: A link between tendinopathy and oxidative stress has been recently reported. NMN (NMN) is a precursor of NAD, which plays an important role in cell redox homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of NMN on tendinopathy in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Tenocytes from healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in regular glucose (RG) and high-glucose (HG) conditions with or without NMN, and were divided into four groups: RG NMN(-), RG NMN(+), HG NMN(-), and HG NMN(+). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, apoptotic rate, and mRNA expression of NADP oxidase (NOX)1, NOX4, interleukin (IL)6, sirtuin (SIRT)1, and SIRT6 were investigated. In addition, rats with collagenase-induced tendinopathy were treated with or without NMN. Immunostaining of NOX1 and NOX4; mRNA expression of SIRT1, SIRT6, and IL6; and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity measurements in the Achilles tendon were performed. Results: NMN increased the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT6 in rat tenocytes, but decreased the levels of NOX1, NOX4, IL6, ROS, and apoptosis. In Achilles tendons with collagenase-induced tendinopathy, NMN increased the mRNA expression of SIRT1 and SIRT6, as well as SOD activity; while suppressing protein expression of NOX1 and NOX4, and mRNA expression of IL6. Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo results of this study show that NMN exerts an antioxidant effect on tendinopathy by promoting the expression of SIRT while inhibiting that of NOX. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Category: amides-buliding-blocks).
((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Category: amides-buliding-blocks
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics