NAD+ Anabolism Disturbance Causes Glomerular Mesangial Cell Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy was written by Li, Xue;Li, Yankun;Li, Fengxia;Chen, Qi;Zhao, Zhonghua;Liu, Xueguang;Zhang, Nong;Li, Hui. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Related Products of 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The homeostasis of NAD+ anabolism is indispensable for maintaining the NAD+ pool. In mammals, the mainly synthetic pathway of NAD+ is the salvage synthesis, a reaction catalyzed by NMN adenylyltransferase (NAMPT) and NMN adenylyltransferase (NMNATs) successively, converting nicotinamide (NAM) to NMN (NMN) and NMN to NAD+, resp. However, the relationship between NAD+ anabolism disturbance and diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains elusive. Here our study found that the disruption of NAD+ anabolism homeostasis caused an elevation in both oxidative stress and fibronectin expression, along with a decrease in Sirt1 and an increase in both NF-κB P65 expression and acetylation, culminating in extracellular matrix deposition and globular fibrosis in DN. More importantly, through constitutively overexpressing NMNAT1 or NAMPT in human mesangial cells, we revealed NAD+ levels altered inversely with NMN levels in the context of DN and, further, their changes affect Sirt1/NF-κB P65, thus playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DN. Accordingly, FK866, a NAMPT inhibitor, and quercetin, a Sirt1 agonist, have favorable effects on the maintenance of NAD+ homeostasis and renal function in db/db mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that NMN accumulation may provide a causal link between NAD+ anabolism disturbance and diabetic nephropathy (DN) as well as a promising therapeutic target for DN treatment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Related Products of 1094-61-7).
((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Related Products of 1094-61-7
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics