Targeted folate-conjugated pluronic P85/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymersome for the oral delivery of insulin was written by Xie, Shuang;Gong, Yan C.;Xiong, Xiang Y.;Li, Zi L.;Luo, Yue Y.;Li, Yu P.. And the article was included in Nanomedicine (London, United Kingdom) in 2018.Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea This article mentions the following:
To explore the better efficacy of targeted folic acid (FA)-Pluronic 85-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (FA-P85-PLGA) polymersome in oral insulin delivery. The cytotoxicity of the polymers, in vitro qual. and quant. cellular uptake and the internalization mechanism of insulin-loaded FA-P85-PLGA and PLGA-P85-PLGA polymersomes were studied with the human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2 cells). Their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties were also studied with diabetic rats. Polymersomes have shown good biocompatibility. Polymersomes are mainly localized within the cytoplasm of Caco-2 cells from fluorescence microscopy images. FA-P85-PLGA exhibited higher cellular uptake than PLGA-P85-PLGA polymersomes and free fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled insulin (FITC-insulin) did. The uptake process of targeted polymersomes included clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis and the folate receptor-mediated endocytosis. Insulin-loaded FA-P85-PLGA showed better hypoglycemic effects than insulin-loaded PLGA-P85-PLGA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea).
1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics