Author: Jessica.F

Type I interferons affect the metabolic fitness of CD8⁺ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was written by Buang, Norzawani;Tapeng, Lunnathaya;Gray, Victor;Sardini, Alessandro;Whilding, Chad;Lightstone, Liz;Cairns, Thomas D.;Pickering, Matthew C.;Behmoaras, Jacques;Ling, Guang Sheng;Botto, Marina. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2021.Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The majority of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have high expression of type I IFN-stimulated genes. Mitochondrial abnormalities have also been reported, but the contribution of type I IFN exposure to these changes is unknown. Here, we show downregulation of mitochondria-derived genes and mitochondria-associated metabolic pathways in IFN-High patients from transcriptomic anal. of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells from these patients have enlarged mitochondria and lower spare respiratory capacity associated with increased cell death upon rechallenge with TCR stimulation. These mitochondrial abnormalities can be phenocopied by exposing CD8+ T cells from healthy volunteers to type I IFN and TCR stimulation. Mechanistically these ‘SLE-like conditions increase CD8+ T cell NAD+ consumption resulting in impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced cell viability, both of which can be rectified by NAD+ supplementation. Our data suggest that type I IFN exposure contributes to SLE pathogenesis by promoting CD8+ T cell death via metabolic rewiring. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New perspective based on senescence biology was written by Kondoh, Hiroshi. And the article was included in Igaku no Ayumi in 2021.SDS of cas: 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. In recent years, with the progress of basic aging research, the conventional basic concepts of aging, “irreversible” and “harmfulness”, are being reviewed. This is the reason why the possibility of aging control is pointed out along with the necessity of redefining aging. For example, telomere length measurement technol. confirmed the importance of lifestyle-related improvement for aging (telomere effect). Alternatively, the health benefits of NMN (NMN), a precursor of NAD, have been attracting attention, originating from the calorie restriction hypothesis. Furthermore, the discovery of both sides of cellular senescence revealed that inflammatory cytokine secretion from senescent cells causes chronic inflammation through cellular senescence-related secretory traits (SASP). As a result, chronic anti-inflammatory agents (anti-IL-1 antibody agents) and senolytic agents (senolysis, anti-Bcl-2 inhibitors) were found as potential new treatments for age-related diseases. This article outlines the possibilities of aging control, which was once a dream story. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7SDS of cas: 1094-61-7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.SDS of cas: 1094-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SARM1 is a metabolic sensor activated by an increased NMN/NAD⁺ ratio to trigger axon degeneration was written by Figley, Matthew D.;Gu, Weixi;Nanson, Jeffrey D.;Shi, Yun;Sasaki, Yo;Cunnea, Katie;Malde, Alpeshkumar K.;Jia, Xinying;Luo, Zhenyao;Saikot, Forhad K.;Mosaiab, Tamim;Masic, Veronika;Holt, Stephanie;Hartley-Tassell, Lauren;McGuinness, Helen Y.;Manik, Mohammad K.;Bosanac, Todd;Landsberg, Michael J.;Kerry, Philip S.;Mobli, Mehdi;Hughes, Robert O.;Milbrandt, Jeffrey;Kobe, Bostjan;DiAntonio, Aaron;Ve, Thomas. And the article was included in Neuron in 2021.Name: ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Axon degeneration is a central pathol. feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif-containing 1 (SARM1) is a NAD (NAD+)-cleaving enzyme whose activation triggers axon destruction. Loss of the biosynthetic enzyme NMNAT2, which converts NMN (NMN) to NAD+, activates SARM1 via an unknown mechanism. Using structural, biochem., biophys., and cellular assays, we demonstrate that SARM1 is activated by an increase in the ratio of NMN to NAD+ and show that both metabolites compete for binding to the auto-inhibitory N-terminal armadillo repeat (ARM) domain of SARM1. We report structures of the SARM1 ARM domain bound to NMN and of the homo-octameric SARM1 complex in the absence of ligands. We show that NMN influences the structure of SARM1 and demonstrate via mutagenesis that NMN binding is required for injury-induced SARM1 activation and axon destruction. Hence, SARM1 is a metabolic sensor responding to an increased NMN/NAD+ ratio by cleaving residual NAD+, thereby inducing feedforward metabolic catastrophe and axonal demise. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Name: ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Name: ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Naturally occurring Piper plant amides potential in agricultural and pharmaceutical industries: perspectives of piperine and piperlongumine was written by Jeon, Hwang-Ju;Kim, Kyeongnam;Kim, Yong-Deuk;Lee, Sung-Eun. And the article was included in Applied Biological Chemistry in 2019.Recommanded Product: 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Piperaceae plants consist of about 3600 species, of which about 2000 are Piper plants. Their habitat is distributed across pantropical regions. The representative plant is Piper nigrum, known as black pepper. These plants have been widely used in folk medicine in Korean traditional medicine. This review collected papers identifying and separating the amides obtained from these Piper plants, with a focus on Piper amides potential to control the production and growth of fungal strains that cause plant disease and their insecticidal properties against agricultural pests. Piper amide benefits include antiaflatoxigenic activities, antiparasitic activities, anticancer properties, antiplatelet activities, and anti-inflammatory activities, among other therapeutic properties for the treatment of human diseases. In addition, this review paper provides a total synthesis study on the mass production of Piper amides and their derivatives, with a formulation study for industrial use. This review paper is designed to help inform future studies on Piper amide applications. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Recommanded Product: 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Recommanded Product: 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design of an in vitro multienzyme cascade system for the biosynthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide was written by Zhou, Cailian;Feng, Jiao;Wang, Jing;Hao, Ning;Wang, Xin;Chen, Kequan. And the article was included in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

For the biosynthesis of NMN (NMN), three artificial pathways including the nicotinamide ribose phosphorylation pathway, adenosine phosphate pyrophosphorylation pathway, and adenosine phosphate hydrolysis (APH) pathway were designed and successfully conducted to produce NMN in vitro. The APH pathway, using AMP nucleosidase, ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), exhibited the highest level of NMN synthesis. To further improve NMN production via the APH pathway, various NAMPT orthologues were screened. The effects of temperature, pH, metal ions and enzyme ratios were further systematically investigated, and the accumulation of ADP was identified limiting pathway efficiency. Subsequently, an ATP recycling process was achieved by adding polyphosphate kinase 2 to convert ADP to ATP. With the optimized four multienzyme cascade catalysis systems, the NMN titer was increased to 9 mmol L-1 (3.0 g L-1) from 600μmol L-1 (0.2 g L-1) in vitro. This is the first study to use a multienzyme cascade catalysis process for NMN biosynthesis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Application In Synthesis of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design of an in vitro multienzyme cascade system for the biosynthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide was written by Zhou, Cailian;Feng, Jiao;Wang, Jing;Hao, Ning;Wang, Xin;Chen, Kequan. And the article was included in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

For the biosynthesis of NMN (NMN), three artificial pathways including the nicotinamide ribose phosphorylation pathway, adenosine phosphate pyrophosphorylation pathway, and adenosine phosphate hydrolysis (APH) pathway were designed and successfully conducted to produce NMN in vitro. The APH pathway, using AMP nucleosidase, ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), exhibited the highest level of NMN synthesis. To further improve NMN production via the APH pathway, various NAMPT orthologues were screened. The effects of temperature, pH, metal ions and enzyme ratios were further systematically investigated, and the accumulation of ADP was identified limiting pathway efficiency. Subsequently, an ATP recycling process was achieved by adding polyphosphate kinase 2 to convert ADP to ATP. With the optimized four multienzyme cascade catalysis systems, the NMN titer was increased to 9 mmol L-1 (3.0 g L-1) from 600μmol L-1 (0.2 g L-1) in vitro. This is the first study to use a multienzyme cascade catalysis process for NMN biosynthesis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development and validation of an ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-photodiode array detection-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 12 compounds in Piper longum L. was written by Xu, Rongrong;Chen, Xiaoqing;Wang, Xing;Yu, Lan;Zhao, Wenwen;Ba, Yinying;Wu, Xia. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2019.Synthetic Route of C14H25NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatog.-photodiode array detection-mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS) method for quality control of Piper longum L. has been developed and optimized. Hexane/isopropanol (70/30, volume/volume) was determined as the final injection solvent and methanol as the organic modifier. A design-of-exptl. (DoE) approach was used to optimize column temperature, back-pressure and the gradient slope simultaneously using Trefoil CEL1 column. The back-pressure, temperature, flow rate were set at 130 bar, 32.5°C and 1.0 mL/min, resp. Pos. electrospray ionization was used in the single ion monitoring mode. The 12 analytes were analyzed within 8 min using the optimized conditions. The linearities of the standard calibrations were satisfactory with coefficients of determination (R²) > 0.995. The recovery measured varied from 96.34% to 105.00% with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 4.68%. The method was sensitive, reliable and effective, and successfully applied to simultaneous determination of 12 compounds in 28 batches of P. longum. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Synthetic Route of C14H25NO).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Synthetic Route of C14H25NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Supplementation with NAD+ and Its Precursors to Prevent Cognitive Decline across Disease Contexts was written by Campbell, Jared M.. And the article was included in Nutrients in 2022.Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The preservation of cognitive ability by increasing NAD (NAD+) levels through supplementation with NAD+ precursors has been identified as a promising treatment strategy for a number of conditions; principally, age-related cognitive decline (including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia), but also diabetes, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Candidate factors have included NAD+ itself, its reduced form NADH, nicotinamide (NAM), NMN (NMN), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and niacin (or nicotinic acid). This review summarises the research findings for each source of cognitive impairment for which NAD+ precursor supplementation has been investigated as a therapy. The findings are mostly pos. but have been made primarily in animal models, with some reports of null or adverse effects. Given the increasing popularity and availability of these factors as nutritional supplements, further properly controlled clin. research is needed to provide definitive answers regarding this strategy’s likely impact on human cognitive health when used to address different sources of impairment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Computed Properties of C11H15N2O8P

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and NMN-rich product supplementation alleviate p-chlorophenylalanine-induced sleep disorders was written by Shen, Chun-Yan;Li, Xiao-Yi;Ma, Pan-Yu;Li, Hong-Lei;Xiao, Bing;Cai, Wei-Feng;Xing, Xue-Feng. And the article was included in Journal of Functional Foods in 2022.Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

NMN (NMN) has various beneficial effects, while its protective effects against insomnia remain elusive. NMN and NMN-rich products (NMNP) alleviated depression-like behavior and stimulated sodium pentobarbital-induced sleeping of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced mice. NMN and NMNP restored brain damages and reduced oxidative stress. NAD+ concentration, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) expression, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level and 5-HT1A expression in hippocampus of PCPA-induced mice were up-regulated by NMN and NMNP. NMN and NMNP also modulated γ-gminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate production by increasing GABAA receptor α2 and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 expression. NMNP, composed 23.9% of NMN, was more powerful than NMN in activating GABAergic system. NMN and NMNP exhibited prominent enhancement on immune system through boosting NO secretion and IL-1β expression. These data suggested that NMN and NMNP exerted sedative effects via regulating oxidative stress, SIRT1 pathway, 5-HTergic, GABAergic and immune systems simultaneously. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Recommanded Product: 1094-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and NMN-rich product supplementation alleviate p-chlorophenylalanine-induced sleep disorders was written by Shen, Chun-Yan;Li, Xiao-Yi;Ma, Pan-Yu;Li, Hong-Lei;Xiao, Bing;Cai, Wei-Feng;Xing, Xue-Feng. And the article was included in Journal of Functional Foods in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 1094-61-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

NMN (NMN) has various beneficial effects, while its protective effects against insomnia remain elusive. NMN and NMN-rich products (NMNP) alleviated depression-like behavior and stimulated sodium pentobarbital-induced sleeping of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced mice. NMN and NMNP restored brain damages and reduced oxidative stress. NAD+ concentration, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) expression, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level and 5-HT1A expression in hippocampus of PCPA-induced mice were up-regulated by NMN and NMNP. NMN and NMNP also modulated γ-gminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate production by increasing GABAA receptor α2 and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 expression. NMNP, composed 23.9% of NMN, was more powerful than NMN in activating GABAergic system. NMN and NMNP exhibited prominent enhancement on immune system through boosting NO secretion and IL-1β expression. These data suggested that NMN and NMNP exerted sedative effects via regulating oxidative stress, SIRT1 pathway, 5-HTergic, GABAergic and immune systems simultaneously. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7HPLC of Formula: 1094-61-7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.HPLC of Formula: 1094-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics