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Zafon, Elisenda’s team published research in Dalton Transactions in 2022 | CAS: 683-57-8

2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8) can be used in preparation of (2-carbamoylmethoxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. It was aslo used as precursor to dehydropeptidase I inactivator.Formula: C2H4BrNO

In 2022,Zafon, Elisenda; Echevarria, Igor; Barrabes, Silvia; Manzano, Blanca R.; Jalon, Felix A.; Rodriguez, Ana M.; Massaguer, Anna; Espino, Gustavo published an article in Dalton Transactions. The title of the article was 《Photodynamic therapy with mitochondria-targeted biscyclometallated Ir(III) complexes. Multi-action mechanism and strong influence of the cyclometallating ligand》.Formula: C2H4BrNO The author mentioned the following in the article:

Photodynamic therapy is an alternative to classical chemotherapy due to its potential to reduce side effects by a controlled activation of a photosensitizer through local irradiation with light. The photosensitizer then interacts with oxygen and generates reactive oxygen species. Iridium biscyclometallated complexes are very promising photosensitizers due to their exceptional photophys. properties and their ability to target mitochondria. Four Ir(III) biscyclometallated complexes of formula [Ir(C^N)2(N^N′)]Cl, where N^N′ is a ligand containing a benzimidazolyl fragment, have been synthesized and characterized. The C^N ligands were 2-phenylpyridinate (ppy) and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridinate (dfppy). The complexes exhibited high photostability. The electrochem. and photophys. properties were modulated by both the cyclometallating and the ancillary ligands. The dfppy derivatives yielded the highest emission energy values, quantum yields of phosphorescence and excited state lifetimes. All complexes generated 1O2 in aerated solutions upon irradiation Biol. studies revealed that these complexes have a moderate cytotoxicity in the dark against different human cancer cell lines: prostate (PC-3), colon (CACO-2) and melanoma (SK-MEL-28), and against non-malignant fibroblasts (CCD-18Co). However, derivatives with ppy ligands ([1a]Cl, [2a]Cl) yielded a relevant photodynamic activity upon light irradiation (450 nm, 24.1 J cm-2), with phototoxicity indexes (EC50,dark/EC50,light) of 20.8 and 17.3, resp., achieved in PC-3 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that these complexes are taken up by the cells through endocytosis and preferentially accumulate in mitochondria. Upon photoactivation, the complexes induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and DNA damage, thus triggering cell death, mainly by apoptosis. Complex [1a]Cl is also able to oxidize NADH. This mitochondria-targeted photodynamic mechanism greatly inhibited the reproductive capacity of cancer cells and provides a valuable alternative to traditional chemotherapy for the controlled treatment of cancer.2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8Formula: C2H4BrNO) was used in this study.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kwon, Hongmok’s team published research in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2020 | CAS: 2418-95-3

H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3) belongs to amino acids. These amino acids may be present in low concentrations and play a vital part as an intermediate in a biosynthetic pathway, e.g., ornithine, homoserine, or cystathionine. In contrast they may act as a major storage form of nitrogen, e.g., canavanine in the seed of Canavalia ensiformis, or may be formed in high amounts in response to an external stress, e.g., γ-aminobutyrate.Related Products of 2418-95-3 It is possible that some of these nonprotein amino acids may serve as insecticidal or fungicidal agents.

Related Products of 2418-95-3On November 30, 2020 ,《Structure-activity relationship studies of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors derived from α-amino acid with (S)- or (R)-configuration at P1′ region》 appeared in Bioorganic Chemistry. The author of the article were Kwon, Hongmok; Lim, Hyunwoong; Ha, Hyunsoo; Choi, Doyoung; Son, Sang-Hyun; Nam, Hwanhee; Minn, Il; Byun, Youngjoo. The article conveys some information:

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a type II membrane glycoprotein, is considered an excellent target for the diagnosis or treatment of prostate cancer. We previously investigated the effect of β- and γ-amino acids with (S)- or (R)-configuration in the S1 pocket on the binding affinity for PSMA. However, comprehensive studies on the effect of α-amino acid with (R)-configuration in the S1′ pocket has not been reported yet. We selected ZJ-43 (1) and DCIBzL (5) as templates and synthesized their analogs with (S)- or (R)-configuration in the P1 and P1′ regions. The PSMA-inhibitory activities of compounds with altered chirality in the P1′ region were dropped dramatically, with their IC50 values changing from nM to μM ranges. The compounds with (S)-configuration at both P1 and P1′ regions were more potent than the others. The findings of this study may provide insights regarding the structural modification of PSMA inhibitor in the S1′ binding pocket. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3Related Products of 2418-95-3)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ma, Pengcheng’s team published research in Biomaterials Science in 2022 | CAS: 2418-95-3

H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3) belongs to amino acids. In addition to subunits of proteins, amino acids have many other functions as well, including osmoregulation (proline), neurotransmitters (gamma-aminobutyric acid), metabolic intermediates (ornithine and citrulline), and inhibitors (dehydroproline).Application of 2418-95-3

In 2022,Biomaterials Science included an article by Ma, Pengcheng; Wu, Yueming; Jiang, Weinan; Shao, Ning; Zhou, Min; Chen, Yuan; Xie, Jiayang; Qiao, Zhongqian; Liu, Runhui. Application of 2418-95-3. The article was titled 《Biodegradable peptide polymers as alternatives to antibiotics used in aquaculture》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The pressure of antimicrobial resistance has forced many countries to reduce or even prohibit the use of antibiotics in feed. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop alternatives to antibiotics to control infectious diseases in feed and aquaculture. To address this long-lasting challenge, we prepared peptide polymers that display potent and broad-spectrum activity against common pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture, low hemolysis and low cytotoxicity, and do not induce bacteria to develop resistance or cross-resistance to antibiotics. The optimal peptide polymer demonstrates strong in vivo therapeutic potential in an adult zebrafish infection model. Moreover, the optimal peptide polymer is biodegradable by enzymes into single amino acids and dipeptides to totally lose its antibacterial activity and, therefore, will not cause antimicrobial selective pressure. Our study suggests that peptide polymers are promising alternatives to antibiotics in aquaculture and open new avenues to address the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3Application of 2418-95-3)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Schaefer, Olga’s team published research in Tetrahedron Letters in 2019 | CAS: 2418-95-3

Schaefer, Olga; Schollmeyer, Dieter; Birke, Alexander; Holm, Regina; Johann, Kerstin; Muhl, Christian; Seidl, Christine; Weber, Benjamin; Barz, Matthias published an article on January 17 ,2019. The article was titled 《Investigation of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides by X-ray diffraction for controlled ring-opening polymerization》, and you may find the article in Tetrahedron Letters.Reference of H-Lys(Boc)-OH The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The need for a scalable synthesis of not sequence defined polypeptides as biomaterials is met by the ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). Even though this polymerization technique appears straight forward, it holds pitfalls in terms of reproducibility and overall control over the polymerization conditions, which depends, beside choice of solvent or initiator, significantly on reagent purity. In addition, the synthesis of monomers can lead to the formation of racemic amino acids. Thus, in this work, we describe the benefits of highly pure monomers in order to control nucleophilic ring-opening polymerization NCAs. Hereby, monomer purity is investigated by relating m.ps. of NCAs with single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction crystallog. data, which further proves retained stereo-information of NCAs. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3Reference of H-Lys(Boc)-OH)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Xiaodan’s team published research in Biomaterials Science in 2022 | CAS: 2418-95-3

The author of 《Preparation of antibacterial polypeptides with different topologies and their antibacterial properties》 were Wang, Xiaodan; Yang, Fangping; Yang, Huawei; Zhang, Xu; Tang, Haoyu; Luan, Shifang. And the article was published in Biomaterials Science in 2022. Electric Literature of C11H22N2O4 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are attractive antimicrobial agents used to combat bacterial infections, and have been advanced to be one of the most promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. They stand out for their attractive broad-spectrum activity, unmatched antibacterial mechanism that is not prone to develop drug resistance and diversified topologies, which can be fabricated with manifold amino acid blocks. In this study, using n-hexylamine and amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers (Gx-PAMAM, x = 1-2) as initiators, a series of AMPs with linear and star-shaped topol. structures were constructed via the controllable ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). The antibacterial performances of the tailored linear and star-shaped AMPs were comprehensively evaluated in both solution states and surface-bonded states. The results indicated that the star-shaped AMPs exhibited enhanced bactericidal activity against Gram-neg. E. coli and similar bactericidal activity against Gram-pos. S. aureus when compared with the linear AMPs. It is worth mentioning that star-shaped AMPs demonstrated a significantly faster bactericidal efficiency (completely killed bacteria within 5 min at a concentration of 2 x MIC for S. aureus) than their linear analogs (took 15 min to achieve the same effect). However, when the AMPs were immobilized to the surface, they similarly exhibited superior antibacterial activity and fast bactericidal efficiency towards S. aureus and E. coli in the case of the same surface grafting amount In addition, both the surfaces grafted with AMPs of different topologies demonstrated favorable biocompatibility in vitro. In addition to this study using H-Lys(Boc)-OH, there are many other studies that have used H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3Electric Literature of C11H22N2O4) was used in this study.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tian, Zi-You’s team published research in Nature Communications in 2021 | CAS: 2418-95-3

Tian, Zi-You; Zhang, Zhengchu; Wang, Shuo; Lu, Hua published their research in Nature Communications on December 31 ,2021. The article was titled 《A moisture-tolerant route to unprotected α/β-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides and facile synthesis of hyperbranched polypeptides》.Product Details of 2418-95-3 The article contains the following contents:

A great hurdle in the production of synthetic polypeptides lies in the access of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) monomers, which requires dry solvents, Schlenk line/gloveboxe, and protection of side-chain functional groups. Here we report a robust method for preparing unprotected NCA monomers in air and under moisture. The method employs epoxy compounds as ultra-fast scavengers of hydrogen chloride to allow assisted ring-closure and prevent NCA from acid-catalyzed decomposition under moist conditions. The broad scope and functional group tolerance of the method are demonstrated by the facile synthesis of over 30 different α/β-amino acid NCAs, including many otherwise inaccessible compounds with reactive functional groups, at high yield, high purity, and up to decagram scales. The utility of the method and the unprotected NCAs is demonstrated by the facile synthesis of two water-soluble polypeptides that are promising candidates for drug delivery and protein modification. Overall, our strategy holds great potential for facilitating the synthesis of NCA and expanding the industrial application of synthetic polypeptides. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3Product Details of 2418-95-3)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Jiawen’s team published research in Nature Communications in 2020 | CAS: 2418-95-3

Wang, Jiawen; Zheng, Sujuan; Rajkumar, Subramani; Xie, Jinglei; Yu, Na; Peng, Qian; Yang, Xiaoyu published their research in Nature Communications on December 31 ,2020. The article was titled 《Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed stereodivergent synthesis of trisubstituted allenes and computational mechanistic studies》.Computed Properties of C11H22N2O4 The article contains the following contents:

Here-in, an enantioselective and diastereodivergent synthesis of trisubstituted allenes I (R = Et, nBu, Bn, etc.; R1 = nBu, Ph, thiophen-3-yl, etc.; R2 = Ph, 4-chlorophenyl, cyclohexyl, etc.; R3 = Me, Et, n-Pr, n-Bu, i-Bu) and II by asym. additions of oxazolones III to activated 1,3-enynes R2CH:C(CCR1)C(O)R3 enabled by chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalysis where the divergence of the allenic axial stereogenicity is realized by modifications of CPA catalysts was reported. D. functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to elucidate the origin of diastereodivergence by the stacking- and stagger-form in the transition state (TS) of allene formation step, as well as to disclose a Munchnone-type activation mode of oxazolones II under Bronsted acid catalysis. After reading the article, we found that the author used H-Lys(Boc)-OH(cas: 2418-95-3Computed Properties of C11H22N2O4)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rosenberg, Adam J.’s team published research in Organic Letters in 2012 | CAS: 71432-55-8

tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate(cas: 71432-55-8) belongs to anime. Amines characteristically form salts with acids; a hydrogen ion, H+, adds to the nitrogen. With the strong mineral acids (e.g., H2SO4, HNO3, and HCl), the reaction is vigorous. Salt formation is instantly reversed by strong bases such as NaOH. Neutral electrophiles (compounds attracted to regions of negative charge) also react with amines; alkyl halides (R′X) and analogous alkylating agents are important examples of electrophilic reagents.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

In 2012,Rosenberg, Adam J.; Clark, Daniel A. published 《Total Synthesis of Pentosidine》.Organic Letters published the findings.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Pentosidine (I), a biol. important advanced glycation end product, has been accessed in a rapid, high-yielding manner. The synthesis was accomplished via a six-step sequence starting with 3-amino-2-chloropyridine and features a palladium-catalyzed tandem cross-coupling/cyclization to construct the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine core. In addition to this study using tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate, there are many other studies that have used tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate(cas: 71432-55-8Category: amides-buliding-blocks) was used in this study.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yu, Chenfei’s team published research in Bioconjugate Chemistry in 2018 | CAS: 71432-55-8

tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate(cas: 71432-55-8) belongs to anime. The reaction of alkyl halides, R―X, where X is a halogen, or analogous reagents with ammonia (or amines) is useful with certain compounds. Not all alkyl halides are effective reagents; the reaction is sluggish with secondary alkyl groups and fails with tertiary ones. Its usefulness is largely confined to primary alkyl halides (those having two hydrogen atoms on the reacting site).Safety of tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate

In 2018,Yu, Chenfei; Tang, Juan; Loredo, Axel; Chen, Yuda; Jung, Sung Yun; Jain, Antrix; Gordon, Aviva; Xiao, Han published 《Proximity-Induced Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation》.Bioconjugate Chemistry published the findings.Safety of tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Site-specific antibody conjugates with a well-defined structure and superb therapeutic index are of great interest for basic research, disease diagnostics, and therapy. Here, we develop a novel proximity-induced antibody conjugation strategy enabling site-specific covalent bond formation between functional moieties and native antibodies without antibody engineering or addnl. UV/chem. treatment. A high conjugation efficiency and specificity was achieved with IgGs from different species and subclasses. The utility of this approach was demonstrated by site-specific conjugation of the small-mol. fluorophore to a native antibody and in vitro characterization of its activities. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate(cas: 71432-55-8Safety of tert-Butyl N,N’-diisopropylcarbamimidate)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Verdugo, Edgard M.’s team published research in Water Research: X in 2020 | CAS: 683-57-8

《Controlling disinfection byproducts from treated wastewater using adsorption with granular activated carbon: Impact of pre-ozonation and pre-chlorination》 was published in Water Research: X in 2020. These research results belong to Verdugo, Edgard M.; Gifford, Mac; Glover, Caitlin; Cuthbertson, Amy A.; Trenholm, Rebecca A.; Kimura, Susana Y.; Liberatore, Hannah K.; Richardson, Susan D.; Stanford, Benjamin D.; Summers, R. Scott; Dickenson, Eric R. V.. Recommanded Product: 2-Bromoacetamide The article mentions the following:

This study measured chlorine- and chloramine-reactive precursors using formation potential (FP) tests of nine U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulated and 57 unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in tertiary-filtered wastewater before and after pilot-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. Using breakthrough of precursor concentration and of concentration associated calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity (by correlating known lethal concentrations reported elsewhere), the performance of three parallel GAC treatment trains were compared against tertiary-filtered wastewater: ozone/GAC, chlorine/GAC, and GAC alone. Results show GAC alone was the primary process, vs. ozone or chlorine alone, to remove the largest fraction of total chlorine- and chloramine-reactive DBP precursors and calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity potencies. GAC with pre-ozonation removed the most chlorine- and chloramine-reactive DBP precursors followed by GAC with pre-chlorination and lastly GAC without pre-treatment. GAC with pre-ozonation produced an effluent with cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DBPs from FP that generally matched that of GAC without pre-oxidation; meanwhile removal of toxicity was greater by GAC with pre-chlorination. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DBPs from FP tests did not scale with DBP concentration; for example, more than 90% of the calculated cytotoxicity resulted from 20% of the DBPs, principally from haloacetaldehydes, haloacetamides, and haloacetonitriles. The calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity from DBPs associated with FP-chloramination were at times higher than with FP-chlorination though the concentration of DBPs was five times higher with FP-chlorination. The removal of DBP precursors using GAC based treatment was at least as effective as removal of DOC (except for halonitromethanes for GAC without pre-oxidation and with pre-chlorination), indicating DOC can be used as an indicator for DBP precursor adsorption efficacy. However, the DOC was not a good surrogate for total cytotoxicity and genotoxicity breakthrough behavior, therefore, unregulated DBPs could have neg. health implications that are disconnected from general water quality parameters, such as DOC, and regulated classes of DBPs. Instead, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity correlate with the concentration of specific classes of unregulated DBPs. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8Recommanded Product: 2-Bromoacetamide)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics