Author: Jessica.F

《Developmental toxicity of disinfection by-product monohaloacetamides in embryo-larval stage of zebrafish》 was published in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2020. These research results belong to Ding, Xinliang; Zhu, Jingying; Zhang, Jie; Dong, Tianyu; Xia, Yankai; Jiao, Jiandong; Wang, Xinru; Zhou, Weijie. Quality Control of 2-Bromoacetamide The article mentions the following:

Developmental toxicity of disinfection byproduct monohaloacetamides in embryo-larval stage of zebrafish. Results showed that 80 mg/L CAcAm and 40 mg/L BAcAm significantly decreased the hatching rate, IAcAm decreased the hatching rate and delayed the hatching process in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 of 16.37 mg/L at 72 hpf. The frequency and severity order of morphol. abnormalities increased with the raised exposure concentrations and prolonged exposure time, and the corresponding EC50 at 96 hpf were 21.10, 9.77 and 16.60 mg/L for CAcAm, BAcAm and IAcAm, resp. MonoHAcAms exposure resulted in a time- and dose-dependent response in mortality and the calculated LC50 at 72 hpf were 38.44, 17.74 and 28.82 mg/L for CAcAm, BAcAm and IAcAm, resp. Based on EC50 for morphol. abnormalities and LC50, a toxicity rank order of BAcAm > IAcAm > CAcAm was observed Different degrees of hyperactivity and hypoactivity were observed from locomotor behavior anal. in larvae from ≤10.0 mg/L monoHAcAms exposure groups. The light-dark periodic change was disappeared in larvae of 10.0 mg/L BAcAm exposure group. In summary, our study showed that monoHAcAms were developmentally toxic to zebrafish even at very low concentrations and BAcAm exerted higher toxicity than IAcAm and CAcAm. These results will further our understanding of the toxicity of HAcAms and its potential toxicol. impact on human and ecol. environment. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8Quality Control of 2-Bromoacetamide)

2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8) can be used in preparation of (2-carbamoylmethoxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. It was aslo used as precursor to dehydropeptidase I inactivator.Quality Control of 2-Bromoacetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hu, Yanhua; Zhang, Zhenfeng; Liu, Yangang; Zhang, Wanbin published their research in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021. The article was titled 《Cobalt-Catalyzed Chemo- and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Conjugated Enynes》.SDS of cas: 78191-00-1 The article contains the following contents:

Asym. hydrogenation is one of the most powerful methods for the preparation of single enantiomer compounds However, the chemo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of the relatively inert unsaturated group in substrates possessing multiple unsaturated bonds remains a challenge. We herein report a protocol for the highly chemo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of conjugated enynes while keeping the alkynyl bond intact. Mechanism studies indicate that the accompanying Zn2+ generated from zinc reduction of the CoII complex plays a critical role to initiate a plausible CoI/CoIII catalytic cycle. This approach allows for the highly efficient generation of chiral propargylamines (up to 99.9% ee and 2000 S/C) and further useful chem. transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1SDS of cas: 78191-00-1)

N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1) belongs to anime. Amine, any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3). Naturally occurring amines include the alkaloids, which are present in certain plants; the catecholamine neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine); and a local chemical mediator, histamine, that occurs in most animal tissues.SDS of cas: 78191-00-1

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sheng, Tao; Zhuang, Zhe; Wang, Zhen; Hu, Liang; Herron, Alastair N.; Qiao, Jennifer X.; Yu, Jin-Quan published an article in 2022. The article was titled 《One-Step Synthesis of β-Alkylidene-γ-lactones via Ligand-Enabled β,γ-Dehydrogenation of Aliphatic Acids》, and you may find the article in Journal of the American Chemical Society.Name: N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Ligand-enabled Pd-catalyzed regioselective α,β-dehydrogenation of carbonyl compounds via β-methylene C-H activation has recently emerged as a promising transformation. Herein, authors report the realization of β,γ-dehydrogenation and subsequent vinyl C-H olefination reactions of free carboxylic acids, thus providing a unique method for the structural diversification of aliphatic acids containing α-quaternary centers through sequential functionalizations of two β-C-H bonds and one γ-C-H bond. This tandem dehydrogenation-olefination-lactonization reaction offers a one-step preparation of β-alkylidene-γ-lactones, which are often difficult to prepare through conventional methods, from inexpensive and abundant free aliphatic acids. A variety of free aliphatic acids, such as isosteviol and grandiflorolic acid natural products, and olefins are compatible with the reported protocol. The newly designed bidentate oxime ether-pyridone and morpholine-pyridone ligands are crucial for this tandem reaction to proceed. Notably, these ligands also enable preferential methylene C-H activation over the previously reported, competing process of Me C-H bond olefination. In addition to this study using N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide, there are many other studies that have used N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1Name: N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide) was used in this study.

N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1) belongs to anime. Large quantities of aliphatic amines are made synthetically. The most widely used industrial method is the reaction of alcohols with ammonia at a high temperature, catalyzed by metals or metal oxide catalysts (e.g., nickel or copper). Mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are thereby produced.Name: N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SDS of cas: 70-55-3In 2020 ,《Electrically-driven N(sp2)-C(sp2/3) bond cleavage of sulfonamides》 was published in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. The article was written by Wetzel, Annica; Jones, Alan M.. The article contains the following contents:

The discovery and development of an unexpected elec.-driven N(sp2)-C(sp3) and N(sp2)-C(sp2) bond cleavage reaction alongside dehydrogenative C-O bond coupling reactions both in batch and flow conditions was reported. Intramol. trapping experiments with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, gave insight into the intermediacy of an N-sulfonyliminium ion en route to the related drug, chlorothiazide. Using only electrons as the oxidant, this was a green and sustainable technol. advance for sulfonamide deprotection chem. and drug metabolism studies.4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3SDS of cas: 70-55-3) was used in this study.

4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.SDS of cas: 70-55-3

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quality Control of 4-MethylbenzenesulfonamideIn 2022 ,《Functionalized GO@ZIF-90-supported sulfuric acid and its application in the catalytic synthesis of sulfonamides》 was published in Research on Chemical Intermediates. The article was written by Ghazviniyan, Maryam; Masnabadi, Nasrin; Ghasemi, Mohammad Hadi. The article contains the following contents:

In this article, the sulfuric acid supported on the graphene oxide@ZIF-90 composite functionalized with ethylenediamine (GZAH) was synthesized and characterized with FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDS, BET, and TGA. Then, the synthesis of some sulfonamides was performed using the as-prepared nanocatalyst via N-acylation reaction. FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and CHNS techniques were used to identify organic mols. The best results (93% yield) were obtained using a catalyst (0.1 g) in acetonitrile as a solvent and for 2 h at 60°C. The catalyst was recycled up to 5 times, maintaining efficiency. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3Quality Control of 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide)

4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3) belongs to anime. Primary amines having a tertiary alkyl group (R3CNH2) are difficult to prepare with most methods but are made industrially by the Ritter reaction. In this method a tertiary alcohol reacts with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a concentrated strong acid; a formamide, RNH―CHO, is formed first, which then undergoes hydrolysis.Quality Control of 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《[Tyrosine kinase inhibitor–hematological malignancies].》 was published in Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy in 2001. These research results belong to Ohno, R. Application In Synthesis of 2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)acrylamide The article mentions the following:

STI571 selectively inhibits the ABL-tyrosine kinase, the activity of which is activated by the formation of chimeric BCR/ABL. A phase I study in the USA showed STI571 to be remarkably effective in cases of interferon-refractory chronic myeloid leukemia, with almost no adverse effects. STI571 may become the first choice drug prior to stem cell transplantation and interferon treatment. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)acrylamide(cas: 106392-48-7Application In Synthesis of 2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)acrylamide)

2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)acrylamide(cas: 106392-48-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole.Application In Synthesis of 2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)acrylamide The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Computed Properties of C16H20N2O2On May 31, 1995, Poole, Alastair W.; Watson, Stephen P. published an article in British Journal of Pharmacology. The article was 《Regulation of cytosolic calcium by collagen in single human platelets》. The article mentions the following:

There is controversy in the literature as to whether collagen is able to induced directly a rise in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in human platelets. We have addressed this question by observing the cytosolic calcium response of single fura-2-loaded human platelets setting onto a collagen-coated surface using dynamic fluorescence ratio imaging. Following a short lag phase after adherence to collagen fibers, platelets underwent a rapid rise in cytosolic calcium from basal values of 80 ± 13 nM (n = 24) to a peak of 475 ± 42 nM (n = 24) which was sustained for the remaining period of the experiment The tyrphostin protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ST271, reduced substantially the proportion of platelets which exhibited a rise in [Ca2+]i on adherence to collagen and transformed the response in remaining cells to one of oscillations. In contrast, and as a control for collagen, laminin-coated surfaces induced adherence of human platelets without elevating intracellular [Ca2+]; the cells however remained responsive to ADP. We conclude that collagen directly induces a rise in cytosolic calcium in single human platelets through a tyrosine kinase-mediated pathway. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)acrylamide(cas: 106392-48-7Computed Properties of C16H20N2O2)

2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)acrylamide(cas: 106392-48-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole.Computed Properties of C16H20N2O2 The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Product Details of 4746-61-6On October 30, 2014 ,《Synthesis and cytotoxicity of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine and furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives》 was published in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. The article was written by Hung, Joy M.; Arabshahi, Homayon J.; Leung, Euphemia; Reynisson, Johannes; Barker, David. The article contains the following contents:

Forty seven thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamides, furo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamides, tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolone-2-carboxamides and their derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antiproliferative activity against the NCI-60 cell lines. The tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolone-2-carboxamides I (R = Ph, 4-MeOC6H4, 3-BrC6H4, 3,5-Cl2C6H3, etc.) were found to have the greatest activity, with the compound I (R = 3-MeOC6H4) being the most active, with GI50 values in the low nanomolar range against a range of cell lines, in particular the melanoma cell line MDA-MD-435 (GI50 – 23 nM) and the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 (GI50 – 46 nM). Mol. modeling of series I against phosphoinositide specific-phospholipase C revealed that the side chains of the amino acids His356, Glu341, Arg549 and Lys438 are involved in hydrogen bonding with the ligands as well as a lipophilic pocket is occupied by the Ph carboxamide moiety. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2-Hydroxy-N-phenylacetamide(cas: 4746-61-6Product Details of 4746-61-6)

2-Hydroxy-N-phenylacetamide(cas: 4746-61-6) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds.Product Details of 4746-61-6

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reference of (S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamideOn March 31, 2009, Lu, Yang; Zou, Xiao-Min; Mou, Ke; Fu, Yi-Qiu; Ma, Chao; Zhou, Bo; Xu, Ping published an article in Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences. The article was 《Efficient synthesis of terminal α,β-unsaturated ketones as the intermediates of the proteasome epoxyketone inhibitors via Weinreb amide》. The article mentions the following:

Terminal α,β-unsaturated ketones I (R = i-Pr, i-Bu, PhCH2) were prepared via reacting 2-lithiopropene with the corresponding Weinreb amide with satisfactory yield (62%-65%). The experimental process involved the reaction of (S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamide(cas: 87694-50-6Reference of (S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamide)

(S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamide(cas: 87694-50-6) belongs to amides.Reference of (S)-N-Methyl-N-methoxy-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylpentanamide Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jin, Lianwen; Zeng, Xiaoli; Li, Siyang; Qiu, Guofu; Liu, Peng published an article in European Journal of Organic Chemistry. The title of the article was 《Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Halogenation of Anilides with N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide》.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The author mentioned the following in the article:

Here described a copper-catalyzed direct chlorination and bromination of anilides in the presence of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide as oxidant. This protocol shows excellent regioselectivity and mono-substitution with inexpensive KCl or NaBr as the halogen source and industrially friendly solvent. In addition to this study using N-(2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide, there are many other studies that have used N-(2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide(cas: 247170-19-0Category: amides-buliding-blocks) was used in this study.

N-(2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide(cas: 247170-19-0) belongs to anime. Primary amines having a tertiary alkyl group (R3CNH2) are difficult to prepare with most methods but are made industrially by the Ritter reaction. In this method a tertiary alcohol reacts with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a concentrated strong acid; a formamide, RNH―CHO, is formed first, which then undergoes hydrolysis.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics