Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Sinks, Glendon D. published the artcileCorrelation of Tetrahymena and Pimephales toxicity: evaluation of 100 additional compounds, Recommanded Product: 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide, the publication is Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2001), 20(4), 917-921, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In the summary/recommendations for the Ecotoxicol. Session of TestSmart-a Humane and Efficient Approach to Screening Information Data Sets (SIDS) Data Workshop, it was recommended that more population growth impairment data using Tetrahymena be generated and compared with available lethality data for the fathead minnow. To comply with this recommendation, 100 addnl. chems. were tested in the ciliate assay. Toxicity values for the 96-h Pimephales promelas mortality assay (log[LC50^-1]) and the 2-d Tetrahymena pyriformis growth assay (log[IGC50^-1]) were compared. Each chem. was a priori assigned a mode of action. The majority of compounds were classified as either narcotics (n = 46) or direct-acting electro(nucleo)philes (n = 43), while 11 chems. were listed as carboxylic acids, diesters, proelectrophiles, or weak acid respiratory uncouplers. Toxicities for narcotics showed an excellent relationship between endpoints with the coefficient of determination (r²) being 0.93. A weaker relationship, r² = 0.78, was observed for the electro(nucleo)philes. The poorer fit for the covalent-reacting electro(nucleo)philes is attributed to differences in protocol, in particular, to test-medium composition and exposure scheme. Those chems. whose potency is mediated by metabolism in fish (diesters and proelectrophiles) as well as the acids exhibited a poor correlation between endpoints, with toxicity in the fish assay being greater than that predicted from the ciliate data. The regression anal. between endpoints, regardless of mode or mechanism of toxic action, yielded the model log(LC50^-1) = 1.12(log[IGC50^-1]) + 0.46, with n = 92, r² = 0.82, s (root of the mean square error) = 0.87, F = 399, and p > F = 0.0001. A result for the present investigation supports earlier findings that, with noted exceptions, there is a strong relationship between toxicity potency as quantified by P. promelas mortality and T. pyriformis growth impairment.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published new progress about 2447-79-2. 2447-79-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Benzene,Amide, name is 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Recommanded Product: 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volpi, Stefano published the artcileSubmonomeric strategy with minimal protection for the synthesis of C(2)-modified peptide nucleic acids, Name: H-Lys(Boc)-OH, the publication is Organic Letters (2021), 23(3), 902-907, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A novel synthesis of C(2)-modified peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) is proposed, using a submonomeric strategy with minimally protected building blocks, which allowed a reduction in the required synthetic steps. N(3)-unprotected, D-Lys- and D-Arg-based backbones were used to obtain pos. charged PNAs with high optical purity, as inferred from chiral GC measurements. “Chiral-box” PNAs targeting the G12D point mutation of the KRAS gene were produced using this method, showing improved sequence selectivity for the mutated- vs wild-type DNA strand with respect to unmodified PNAs.

Organic Letters published new progress about 2418-95-3. 2418-95-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester,Amino acide derivatives, name is H-Lys(Boc)-OH, and the molecular formula is C5H5F3O2, Name: H-Lys(Boc)-OH.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kjaer, Anders published the artcilePaper chromatography of thioureas, Synthetic Route of 14294-10-1, the publication is Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1953), 528-36, database is CAplus.

Nature 171, Number 4358, 840-1 (1953). The paper chromatog. separation and identification of a number of thioureas and related compounds were studied. Two developing agents were used, the Grote reagent (C.A. 25, 5876), where the spots were heated briefly at 100°, and starch solution followed by the Feigl iodine-azide reagent. H₂O-saturated CHCl₃ was used as the mobile solvent and H₂O as the stationary phase, with Number 1 Whatman paper and at 23.5 ± 0.2°. The ascending technique was used, with special precautions to ensure equilibrium in the chamber. Precise details of technique are given. The R_Ph values (the ratio between the distance traveled by the component and H₂NCSNHPh) were as follows: for RNHCSNH₂, where R is H 0.00, Me 0.04, Et (I) 0.15, Pr 0.42, iso-Pr (II) 0.41, Bu 0.84, iso-Bu (III) 0.76, sec-Bu 0.74, tert-Bu 1.00, iso-pentyl 1.07, benzyl 0.90, PhC₂H₄ 1.10, allyl 0.26, α-methallyl 0.74, β-methallyl 0.62, trans-crotyl 0.78, 3-butenyl 0.61, p-BrC₆H₄ 1.00, p-IC₆H₄ 1.06, o-tolyl 1.19, m-tolyl 1.25, and p-tolyl 1,22. The R_Ph values for RR’NCSNHR” were, where R, R’, and R” are, resp., Me, H, Me, 0.42; Me, H, Et, 0.89; Et, H, Et, 1.24; Me, H, Bu (IV), 1.35; Bu, H, Bu, 1.41; Me, H, Ph, 1.40; Et, H, Ph, 1.41; Me, Me, H, 0.60; R and R’ are pentamethylene, R”is H, 1.18; and R and R’ are 3-oxapentamethylene (V), R” is H, 0.55. The R_Ph values for a number of other substituted thioureas and thiocompds. were: ethylenethiourea 0.26, trimethylthiourea 1.21, ,N-methyl-4-morpholinethiocarboxamide (VI) 1.17, the following thiocarboxamides: N-ethyl-4-morpholine- (VII) 1.27-N-allyl-4-morpholine- (VIII) 1.31, N-methyl-l-piperidine- 1.37, N-methyl-1-pyrrolidine- 1.35, and N-ethyl-1-pyrrolidine-1.37; tetramethylthiourea 1.43, thioacetamide 0.25, thiobenzamide 0.79, thiosemicarbazide 0.00, 4-methylthiosemicarbazide 0.20, 1,1,4-trimethylthiosemicarbazide 1.32, 1-phenylthiosemicarbazide 0.55, thiobarbituric acid 0.00, and the following derivatives: 5-ethyl- 0.00, 5,5-diethyl- 1.30, 5-methyl-5-allyl- 1.19, and 5,5-diallyl- 1.37. Im. 110-11° (from EtOAc), II m. 169-70° (from H₂O), III (prepared from iso-BuNH₂ and CSCl₂) m. 100-1° (from H₂O), IV m. 40-1° (from EtOAc-petr. ether), VI m. 102.5-3.5° (from EtOAc-petr. ether), VII m. 81.5-2.5° (from EtOH-Et₂O), and VIII (from CH₂:CHCH₂NCS and morpholine) m. 64.5° (from aqueous EtOH). In the preparation of V, 7.3 g. CNBr in Et₂O was added slowly to 12.0 g. morpholine in cold Et₂O, the mixture filtered, the Et₂O evaporated, and the residue distilled twice in vacuo to give 5.5 g. 4-cyanomorpholine, b_0.9 74.5°, which in EtOH was saturated with NH₃ and H₂S; the mixture, let stand overnight and concentrated on a water bath, was filtered and diluted with Et₂O to give V, m. 171° (from EtOH-Et₂O).

Acta Chemica Scandinavica published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C5H10N2OS, Synthetic Route of 14294-10-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jack, Thomas published the artcileSynthesis and characterization of photoaffinity probes that target the 5-HT₃ receptor, Application of N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, the publication is Chimia (2014), 68(4), 239-242, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The 5-HT₃ receptor is one of several ion channels responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Until now, it was difficult to characterize transmembrane receptors with classical structural biol. approaches like x-ray crystallog. The use of photoaffinity probes is an alternative approach to identify regions in the protein where small mols. bind. To this end, the authors present two photoaffinity probes based on granisetron, a well known antagonist of the 5-HT₃ receptor. These new probes show nanomolar binding affinity for the orthosteric binding site. In addition, the authors investigated their reactivity using irradiation experiments

Chimia published new progress about 360-92-9. 360-92-9 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C6H10F3NO, Application of N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bakunov, Stanislav A. published the artcileModification of the Tiemann rearrangement: One-pot synthesis of N,N-disubstituted cyanamides from amidoximes, SDS of cas: 2451-91-4, the publication is Synthesis (2000), 1148-1159, database is CAplus.

Amidoximes were converted to N,N-disubstituted cyanamides in 70-92% yield in a one-pot synthetic procedure by treating the amidoximes with tosyl chloride, followed by treatment with alkyl halide under phase-transfer conditions.

Synthesis published new progress about 2451-91-4. 2451-91-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Nitrile,Amine,Benzene, name is N,N-Dibenzylcyanamide, and the molecular formula is C15H14N2, SDS of cas: 2451-91-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pinto, Brunella published the artcileSynthesis and label free characterization of a bimolecular PNA homo quadruplex, Formula: C40H35N7O8, the publication is Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects (2017), 1861(5_Part_B), 1222-1228, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

G-quadruplex DNA is involved in many physiol. and pathol. processes. Both clin. and exptl. studies on DNA G-quadruplexes are slowed down by their enzymic instability. In this frame, more stable chem. modified analogs are needed. The bis-end-linked-(gggt)₂ PNA mol. (BEL-PNA) was synthesized using in solution and solid phase synthetic approaches. Quadruplex formation was assessed by CD (CD) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). An unprecedented bimol. PNA homo quadruplex is here reported. To achieve this goal, we developed a bifunctional linker that once functionalized with gggt PNA strands and annealed in K⁺ buffer allowed the obtainment of a PNA homo quadruplex. 4The identification of the strong SERS band at ∼ 1481 cm^– 1, attributable to vibrations involving the quadruplex diagnostic Hoogsteen type hydrogen bonds, confirmed the formation of the PNA homo quadruplex. By tethering two G-rich PNA strands to the two ends of a suitable bifunctional linker it is possible to obtain bimol. PNA homo quadruplexes after annealing in K⁺-containing buffers. The formation of such CD-unfriendly complexes can be monitored, even at low concentrations, by using the SERS technique. Given the importance of DNA G-quadruplexes in medicine and nanotechnol., the obtainment of G-quadruplex analogs provided with enhanced enzymic stability, and their monitoring by highly sensitive label-free techniques are of the highest importance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “G-quadruplex” – guest edited by Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C40H35N7O8, Formula: C40H35N7O8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

James, Carrie R. published the artcilePoly(oligonucleotide), Computed Properties of 186046-83-3, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2014), 136(32), 11216-11219, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Here we report the preparation of poly(oligonucleotide) brush polymers and amphiphilic brush copolymers from nucleic acid monomers via graft-through polymerization We describe the polymerization of PNA-norbornyl monomers to yield poly-PNA (poly(peptide nucleic acid)) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with the initiator, (IMesH₂)(C₅H₅N)₂(Cl)₂RuCHPh. In addition, we present the preparation of poly-PNA nanoparticles from amphiphilic block copolymers and describe their hybridization to a complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) oligonucleotide.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C40H35N7O8, Computed Properties of 186046-83-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Medda, Federico published the artcileNovel Cambinol Analogs as Sirtuin Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Rationalization of Activity, Category: amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2009), 52(9), 2673-2682, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The tenovins and cambinol are two classes of sirtuin inhibitor that exhibit antitumor activity in preclin. models. This report describes modifications to the core structure of cambinol, in particular by incorporation of substituents at the N1-position, which lead to increased potency and modified selectivity. These improvements have been rationalized using mol. modeling techniques. The expected functional selectivity in cells was also observed for both a SIRT1 and a SIRT2 selective analog.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 1011557-82-6. 1011557-82-6 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Epigenetics,Sirtuin, name is 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, and the molecular formula is C25H34N4O2S, Category: amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Patil, Prarthana published the artcileReactive oxygen species-degradable polythioketal urethane foam dressings to promote porcine skin wound repair, Safety of 2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-(2-mercaptoethyl)acetamide, the publication is Science Translational Medicine (2022), 14(641), eabm6586, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Porous, resorbable biomaterials can serve as temporary scaffolds that support cell infiltration, tissue formation, and remodeling of nonhealing skin wounds. Synthetic biomaterials are less expensive to manufacture than biol. dressings and can achieve a broader range of physiochem. properties, but opportunities remain to tailor these materials for ideal host immune and regenerative responses. Polyesters are a well-established class of synthetic biomaterials; however, acidic degradation products released by their hydrolysis can cause poorly controlled autocatalytic degradation Here, we systemically explored reactive oxygen species (ROS)-degradable polythioketal (PTK) urethane (UR) foams with varied hydrophilicity for skin wound healing. The most hydrophilic PTK-UR variant, with seven ethylene glycol (EG7) repeats flanking each side of a thioketal bond, exhibited the highest ROS reactivity and promoted optimal tissue infiltration, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and reepithelialization in porcine skin wounds. EG7 induced lower foreign body response, greater recruitment of regenerative immune cell populations, and resolution of type 1 inflammation compared to more hydrophobic PTK-UR scaffolds. Porcine wounds treated with EG7 PTK-UR foams had greater ECM production, vascularization, and resolution of proinflammatory immune cells compared to polyester UR foam-based NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix (BTM)-treated wounds and greater early vascular perfusion and similar wound resurfacing relative to clin. gold standard Integra Bilayer Wound Matrix (BWM). In a porcine ischemic flap excisional wound model, EG7 PTK-UR treatment led to higher wound healing scores driven by lower inflammation and higher reepithelialization compared to NovoSorb BTM. PTK-UR foams warrant further investigation as synthetic biomaterials for wound healing applications.

Science Translational Medicine published new progress about 1869-45-0. 1869-45-0 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethylated Building Blocks, name is 2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-(2-mercaptoethyl)acetamide, and the molecular formula is C4H6F3NOS, Safety of 2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-(2-mercaptoethyl)acetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ozuna, Lorena Miss published the artcileDupilumab-associated arthralgia in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, Synthetic Route of 169590-42-5, the publication is Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (2022), 128(4), 469-472, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Dupilumab is generally safe and well-tolerated; however, in a phase 3 clin. trial of dupilumab for CRSwNP, arthralgias were reported 4.7% and 7.4% of patients in the treatment arms compared with 1.3% of patients in the placebo arm. In this study, we evaluate the clin. characteristics and outcomes of 8 patients with AERD who developed arthralgias after initiating dupilumab. Of 160 patients with AERD treated with dupilumab at our center, we identified 8 patients (5.0%) who reported possible dupilumab-associated arthralgias at their allergy and immunol. follow-up visit. Several patients sought treatment for the arthralgias and were prescribed celecoxib or oral and intra-articular corticosteroids. Of the 8 patients, 5 had spontaneous resolution of their pain after an average of 6.9 mo, whereas arthralgias in 3 patients remain unresolved. Furthermore, our clin. outcomes were limited to the evaluations performed by the clinician caring for the patient and not all patients had a complete inflammatory and rheumatol. workup for their symptoms. Joint symptoms are very common in adults and may have been unrelated to dupilumab. Lastly, the mechanism of dupilumab-associated arthralgias is not clear, but a possible mechanism is a shift toward a type 1 or type 3 immune profile which may be indicative of a type 1 or type 3 “escape” with inhibition of IL-4Ra. Further studies to under-stand the mechanism of dupilumab-associated arthralgias are warranted. Clinicians caring for patients with AERD encountering this adverse effect should use shared decision-making to determine whether patients can continue dupilumab with close follow-up.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology published new progress about 169590-42-5. 169590-42-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sulfamide,Immunology/Inflammation,COX, name is 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, and the molecular formula is C17H14F3N3O2S, Synthetic Route of 169590-42-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics