Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Versatile and chemoselective transformation of aliphatic and aromatic secondary amides to nitriles was written by Geng, Hui;Huang, Pei-Qiang. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2015.Name: 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide This article mentions the following:

Triflic anhydride in combination with 2-fluoropyridine effectively dehydrates secondary amides to afford nitriles under mild reaction conditions. The reaction is general in scope and compatible with the use of aliphatic, α,β-unsaturated, aromatic and heteroaromatic amides bearing either secondary, tertiary, or benzylic N-alkyl groups. The reaction also shows good to excellent chemoselectivity for the secondary amide and tolerates several labile functional groups. Under optimized conditions the synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using amides as starting materials, such as N-(isopropyl)benzenebutanamide, N-(isopropyl)benzenepropanamide, adamantanecarboxamide derivatives, N-(tert-butyl)benzamide, 3-(phenyl)-2-propenamide derivatives (unsaturated amides), 1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxamide, 2-thiophenecarboxamide (thiophene), benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives, (aminocarbonyl)benzoic acid derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0Name: 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Name: 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channels reveal functional linkage between salivary gland function and blood feeding in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti was written by Li, Zhilin;Soohoo-Hui, Alexander;O’Hara, Flinn M.;Swale, Daniel R.. And the article was included in Communications Biology in 2022.Reference of 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:

Reducing saliva secretions into the vertebrate host reduces feeding efficacy by most hematophagous arthropods. However, seminal studies suggested saliva is not a prerequisite for blood feeding in Aedes aegypti. To test this paradigm, author manually transected the salivary duct of female A. aegypti and an inability to salivate was correlated to an inability to imbibe blood. These data justified testing the relevance of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels in the A. aegypti salivary gland as an antifeedant target site. Pharmacol. activation of ATP-gated Kir (K_ATP) channels reduced the secretory activity of the salivary gland by 15-fold that led to near elimination of blood ingestion during feeding. The reduced salivation and feeding success nearly eliminated horizontal transmission and acquisition of Dengue virus-2 (DENV2). These data suggest mosquito salivation is a prerequisite for blood feeding and provide evidence that K^ATP channels are critical for salivation, feeding, and vector competency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Reference of 10238-21-8).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Reference of 10238-21-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Drug repurposing screening identifies tioconazole as an ATG4 inhibitor that suppresses autophagy and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy was written by Liu, Pei-Feng;Tsai, Kun-Lin;Hsu, Chien-Jen;Tsai, Wei-Lun;Cheng, Jin-Shiung;Chang, Hsueh-Wei;Shiau, Chung-Wai;Goan, Yih-Gang;Tseng, Ho-Hsing;Wu, Chih-Hsuan;Reed, John C.;Yang, Lee-Wei;Shu, Chih-Wen. And the article was included in Theranostics in 2018.Application of 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

Tumor cells require proficient autophagy to meet high metabolic demands and resist chemotherapy, which suggests that reducing autophagic flux might be an attractive route for cancer therapy. However, this theory in clin. cancer research remains controversial due to the limited number of drugs that specifically inhibit autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. We screened FDA-approved drugs using a novel platform that integrates computational docking and simulations as well as biochem. and cellular reporter assays to identify potential drugs that inhibit autophagy-required cysteine proteases of the ATG4 family. The effects of ATG4 inhibitors on autophagy and tumor suppression were examined using cell culture and a tumor xenograft mouse model. Tioconazole was found to inhibit activities of ATG4A and ATG4B with an IC50 of 1.3μM and 1.8μM, resp. Further studies based on docking and mol. dynamics (MD) simulations supported that tioconazole can stably occupy the active site of ATG4 in its open form and transiently interact with the allosteric regulation site in LC3, which explained the exptl. observed obstruction of substrate binding and reduced autophagic flux in cells in the presence of tioconazole. Moreover, tioconazole diminished tumor cell viability and sensitized cancer cells to autophagy-inducing conditions, including starvation and treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Tioconazole inhibited ATG4 and autophagy to enhance chemotherapeutic drug-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cell culture and tumor xenografts. These results suggest that the antifungal drug tioconazole might be repositioned as an anticancer drug or chemosensitizer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Application of 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Application of 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of cationic gelatin protein on hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate was written by Tang, Jun-ling;Wang, Xue-yan. And the article was included in Ranzheng Jishu in 2016.Reference of 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

For the purpose of improving the control of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate, the prediction of the bleaching results, and the optimization of cotton fabric bleaching process, a self-made cationic gelatin protein agent was used in cotton hydrogen peroxide bleaching and hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate was calculated The influence of self-made cationic gelatin protein agent, stabilizing agent sodium silicate and activator TAED on the hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate was compared. The results showed that cationic gelatin protein could promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide effectively and the decomposition rate was closed to TAED under low temperature and low alkali. The cationic gelatin protein acted as an activator in bleaching process. It provided a theor. basis for the cationic gelatin protein agent application in hydrogen peroxide bleaching with low temperature and low alkali. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Reference of 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Reference of 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Diverse Oxidative C(sp²)-N Bond Cleavages of Aromatic Fused Imidazoles for Synthesis of α-Ketoamides and N-(pyridin-2-yl)arylamides was written by Xu, Fangzhou;Wang, Yanyan;Xun, Xiwei;Huang, Yun;Jin, Zhichao;Song, Baoan;Wu, Jian. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and chemoselective C(sp²)-N bond cleavage of aromatic imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine mols. is developed. A broad scope of amide compounds such as α-ketoamides and N-(pyridin-2-yl)arylamides are afforded as the final products in up to quant. yields. Diverse C-N bond cleavages are controlled by the oxidative species used in this transformation, with various amide products afforded in a chemoselective fashion. A preliminary study indicated that some α-ketoamides exhibit anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus activity for potential use in plant protection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metal-Free Thermal Activation of Molecular Oxygen Enabled Direct α-CH₂-Oxygenation of Free Amines was written by Ghosh, Santanu;Jana, Chandan K.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Direct oxidation of α-CH₂ group of free amines is hard to achieve due to the higher reactivity of amine moiety. Therefore, oxidation of amines involves the use of sophisticated metallic reagents/catalyst in the presence or absence of hazardous oxidants under sensitive reaction conditions. A novel method for direct C-H oxygenation of aliphatic amines through a metal-free activation of mol. oxygen has been developed. Both activated and unactivated free amines were oxygenated efficiently to provide a wide variety of amides (primary, secondary) and lactams under operationally simple conditions without the aid of metallic reagents and toxic oxidants. The method has been applied to the synthesis of highly functionalized amide-containing medicinal drugs, such as O-Me-alibendol and -buclosamide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and nematicidal activities of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole against Meloidogyne incognita was written by Zhang, Ruifeng;Guo, Wei;Wang, Gaolei;Chen, Xiulei;Li, Zhong;Xu, Xiaoyong. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide This article mentions the following:

Based on the characteristic of benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole to induce the systemic acquired resistance and improve the immunity of plants, benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole was introduced into 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one, thirty-one novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole were designed and synthesized. Nematicidal activity showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited great inhibitory activity in vivo against Meloidogyne incognita at 20 mg/L. Among 31 tested compounds, I and II showed an excellent nematicidal activity with the inhibition rate of 50.4% and 53.1% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/L, resp. The influence of substituent type and position was studied. The relation between structure and activity was also preliminary analyzed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide).

2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Visible light mediated synthesis of 4-aryl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene derivatives via single-electron oxidation or MHAT from methylenecyclopropanes was written by Liu, Jiaxin;Wei, Yin;Shi, Min. And the article was included in Organic Chemistry Frontiers in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 192436-83-2 This article mentions the following:

A direct single-electron oxidation of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) I (R = H, 2-Me, 3-OMe, 4-F, etc.; R¹ = H, 2-Me, 3-Cl, 4-F, etc.) for the rapid construction of 4-aryl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene derivatives II (R² = H, 5-Me, 6-OMe, 7-F, etc.; R³ = H, F) and III (R⁴ = R⁵ = H, F) by merging visible light photoredox catalysis and cobalt catalysis was reported. In MeCN with Et₃N·3HF (1.0 equivalent), the fluorination of MCPs I can be realized in the presence of 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate and Co(dmgH)₂PyCl, affording fluorinated 4-aryl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene derivatives II (R³ = F) in moderate yields. In MeCN/HFIP (7 : 3), 4-aryl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene derivatives II (R³ = H) and III were obtained in good yields through a metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer process under similar conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2HPLC of Formula: 192436-83-2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.HPLC of Formula: 192436-83-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol but Not Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rat Hippocampal Slices Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation: Studies with Cannabis Extracts and Selected Cannabinoids was written by Landucci, Elisa;Mazzantini, Costanza;Lana, Daniele;Davolio, Pier Luigi;Giovannini, Maria Grazia;Pellegrini-Giampietro, Domenico E.. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.SDS of cas: 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

Over the past 10 years, a number of scientific studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of cannabinoid compounds present in the Cannabis Sativa and Indica plants. However, their role in mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration following cerebral ischemia is yet unclear. We investigated the effects of Cannabis extracts (Bedrocan, FM2) or selected cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol) in rat organotypic hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro model of forebrain global ischemia. Cell death in the CA1 subregion of slices was quantified by propidium iodide fluorescence, and morphol. anal. and tissue organization were examined by immunohistochem. and confocal microscopy. Incubation with the Bedrocan extract or THC exacerbated, whereas incubation with the FM2 extract or cannabidiol attenuated CA1 injury induced by OGD. Δ9-THC toxicity was prevented by CB1 receptor antagonists, the neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol was blocked by TRPV2, 5-HT1A, and PPARγ antagonists. Confocal microscopy confirmed that CBD, but not THC, had a significant protective effect toward neuronal damage and tissue disorganization caused by OGD in organotypic hippocampal slices. Our results suggest that cannabinoids play different roles in the mechanisms of post-ischemic neuronal death. In particular, appropriate concentrations of CBD or CBD/THC ratios may represent a valid therapeutic intervention in the treatment of post-ischemic neuronal death. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8SDS of cas: 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.SDS of cas: 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

¹H NMR determination of 1,3-dicyclohexylurea, glutaric acid and triethylamine in medical four-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-N-hydroxysuccinimide-glutarate for better quality control was written by Li, Fei-Fei;Liu, Hui-Xiang;Zhang, Yan-Li;Wang, Shu-Qi. And the article was included in Analytical Methods in 2019.Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea This article mentions the following:

Absorbable vascular sealing medical glue, which belongs to Class III medical devices, is a special new material for preventing the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. Medical four-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-N-hydroxysuccinimide-glutarate (4-arm-PEG-SG) with a mol. weight of 20 000 is the main component of the absorbable medical glue. According to its quality standard, the quality control of residues 1,3-dicyclohexylurea (DCU), glutaric acid (GA) and triethylamine (TEA) is required. A rapid anal. method of quant. ¹H NMR (¹H NMR) for the determination of residues DCU, GA and TEA in medical 4-arm-PEG-SG was established in the present study. The peaks at δ 1.56 (4H, m), δ 2.71 (4H, t, J = 6.7 Hz), and δ 2.42 (6H, q, J = 7.2 Hz) were selected for quantifying DCU, GA and TEA, resp., with deuterated pyridine as the solvent and tetramethylsilane as the internal standard The ¹H NMR assay was validated by several exptl. parameters including specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and stability. The average recoveries obtained were in the range of 99.48-102.02% for all three residues. Compared with the HPLC and GC approaches, the proposed ¹H NMR method proved to be a powerful tool for quantification due to its unique advantages of simplicity, rapidity and high robustness, especially not requiring standard compounds for calibration curve preparation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics