Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Miek, Laura published the artcileStaphylococcus aureus controls eicosanoid and specialized pro-resolving mediator production via lipoteichoic acid, Computed Properties of 169590-42-5, the publication is Immunology (2022), 166(1), 47-67, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections associated with inflammation, such as sepsis or osteomyelitis. Inflammatory processes are regulated by distinct lipid mediators (LMs) but how their biosynthetic pathways are orchestrated in S. aureus infections is elusive. We show that S. aureus strikingly not only modulates pro-inflammatory, but also inflammation-resolving LM pathways in murine osteomyelitis and osteoclasts as well as in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with different phenotype. Targeted LM metabololipidomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry revealed massive generation of LM with distinct LM signature profiles in acute and chronic phases of S. aureus-induced murine osteomyelitis in vivo. In human MDM, S. aureus elevated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), but impaired the levels of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1), with resp. changes in LM signature profiles initiated by these enzymes, i.e., elevated PGE2 and impaired specialized pro-resolving mediators, along with reduced M2-like phenotypic macrophage markers. The cell wall component, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), mimicked the impact of S. aureus elevating COX-2/mPGES-1 expression via NF-κB and p38 MAPK signalling in MDM, while the impairment of 15-LOX-1 correlates with reduced expression of Lamtor1. In conclusion, S. aureus dictates LM pathways via LTA resulting in a shift from anti-inflammatory M2-like towards pro-inflammatory M1-like LM signature profiles.

Immunology published new progress about 169590-42-5. 169590-42-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sulfamide,Immunology/Inflammation,COX, name is 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, and the molecular formula is C17H14F3N3O2S, Computed Properties of 169590-42-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pierce, Arleen C. published the artcileAction of primary and secondary amines on trihalogenated esters, Application of N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (1963), 658-62, database is CAplus.

The reactions of a series of trichloro- and trifluoroacetates with primary and secondary amines were investigated at room temperature When the trichlorinated esters were treated with primary amines, acyl-oxygen cleavage occurred predominantly. A haloform-type cleavage took place when the same esters were treated with secondary amines. Trifluorinated esters were found to yield exclusively amides regardless of the amine used. In the trichloroacetate series the order of decreasing acyl-oxygen cleavage with BuNH₂ was found to be: PhO > CH₂:CHO > MeO equal or nearly equal to EtO > Me₃CO > PhCH₂O. When the same esters were treated with piperidine, the order of decreasing acyl-oxgyen cleavage was found to be: PhO > CH₂:CHO > CH₂:CHCH₂O equal or nearly equal to PhCH₂O > Me₃CO > MeO equal or nearly equal to EtO. Steric hindrance in both the ester and the amine influenced the type of cleavage that occurred. Solvents such as MeCN or dioxane increased the percent of haloform-type cleavage while CCl₄ induced exclusive acyl-oxygen cleavage. The infrared carbonyl stretching frequencies of all esters, amides, and carbamates prepared in this study were measured with a precision of ±2 cm^-1.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 360-92-9. 360-92-9 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C6H10F3NO, Application of N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pierce, Arleen C. published the artcileReactions of trihalogenated esters with triethylamine and anions, Recommanded Product: N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (1962), 3968-73, database is CAplus.

The reactions of several trihalogenated esters with triethylamine were studied at room temperature All the trihalogenated esters formed quaternary ammonium compounds with triethylamine. In the case of the trifluoro esters, the formation of N,N-diethyltrifluoroacetamide and an ether was a competing reaction. Amide formation was not observed for the tribromo and trichloro esters, at room temperature, but occurred with methyl thioltrichloroacetate. During this study it was observed that methyl trichloroacetate behaved as an alkylating agent toward sodium phenoxide, while ethyl trifluoroacetate behaved as an acylating agent. A significant feature of this work is the alkylating ability of alkyl trichloroacetates, at room temperature This property makes methyl trichloroacetate a potentially useful methylating agent to replace toxic compounds such as diazomethane or dimethyl sulfate.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 360-92-9. 360-92-9 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C6H10F3NO, Recommanded Product: N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Murphy, EmmaRae L. published the artcileOptimization of cysteine residue alkylation using an on-line LC-MS strategy: Benefits of using a cocktail of haloacetamide reagents, SDS of cas: 79-07-2, the publication is Analytical Biochemistry (2021), 114137, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Several common reagents for the alkylation of cysteine residues of model intact proteins were evaluated for reaction speed, yield of alkylated product and degree of over-alkylation using an online LC-MS platform. The efficiency of the alkylation reaction is found to be dependent on the (1) reagent, (2) peptide/protein, (3) reagent concentration and (4) reaction time. At high reagent concentrations, iodoacetic acid was found to produce significant levels of over-alkylation products wherein methionine residues become modified. For optimal performance of the alkylation reaction, we found the use of a cocktail of chloroacetamide, bromoacetamide and iodoacetamide worked best. The alkylating efficiency of each haloacetamide is a balance between the characteristics of the halogen leaving group and the steric hindrance of the alkylation site on the peptide or protein. A key aspect of using a cocktail of haloacetamides is that they all produce the same modification (+57.0209 Da) to the cysteine residues of the protein while the alkylation efficiency of each site may differ for each of the three reagents. Over-alkylation effects appear to be lower with the cocktail due to a lower concentration of each reagent. The haloacetamide cocktail could be useful when considering complex mixtures of proteins.

Analytical Biochemistry published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, SDS of cas: 79-07-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Vanheer, Leen N. published the artcileActivity Comparison of Epigenetic Modulators against the Hemoprotozoan Parasites Babesia divergens and Plasmodium falciparum, Recommanded Product: 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, the publication is ACS Infectious Diseases (2021), 7(8), 2277-2284, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Babesiosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease of humans and livestock that has dramatically increased in frequency and geog. range over the past few decades. Infection of cattle often causes large economic losses, and human infection can be fatal in immunocompromised patients. Unlike for malaria, another disease caused by hemoprotozoan parasites, limited treatment options exist for Babesia infections. As epigenetic regulation is a promising target for new antiparasitic drugs, we screened 324 epigenetic inhibitors against Babesia divergens blood stages and identified 75 (23%) and 17 (5%) compounds that displayed ≥90% inhibition at 10 and 1μM, resp., including over a dozen compounds with activity in the low nanomolar range. We observed differential activity of some inhibitor classes against Babesia divergens and Plasmodium falciparum parasites and identified pairs of compounds with a high difference in activity despite a high similarity in chem. structure, highlighting new insights into the development of epigenetic inhibitors as antiparasitic drugs.

ACS Infectious Diseases published new progress about 1011557-82-6. 1011557-82-6 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Epigenetics,Sirtuin, name is 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, and the molecular formula is C44H28ClFeN4, Recommanded Product: 4-(tert-Butyl)-N-((4-(5-(dimethylamino)pentanamido)phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Vanheer, Leen N. published the artcileActivity Comparison of Epigenetic Modulators against the Hemoprotozoan Parasites Babesia divergens and Plasmodium falciparum, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is ACS Infectious Diseases (2021), 7(8), 2277-2284, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Babesiosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease of humans and livestock that has dramatically increased in frequency and geog. range over the past few decades. Infection of cattle often causes large economic losses, and human infection can be fatal in immunocompromised patients. Unlike for malaria, another disease caused by hemoprotozoan parasites, limited treatment options exist for Babesia infections. As epigenetic regulation is a promising target for new antiparasitic drugs, we screened 324 epigenetic inhibitors against Babesia divergens blood stages and identified 75 (23%) and 17 (5%) compounds that displayed ≥90% inhibition at 10 and 1μM, resp., including over a dozen compounds with activity in the low nanomolar range. We observed differential activity of some inhibitor classes against Babesia divergens and Plasmodium falciparum parasites and identified pairs of compounds with a high difference in activity despite a high similarity in chem. structure, highlighting new insights into the development of epigenetic inhibitors as antiparasitic drugs.

ACS Infectious Diseases published new progress about 380315-80-0. 380315-80-0 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Apoptosis,p53, name is N-((4-Acetamidophenyl)carbamothioyl)-4-(tert-butyl)benzamide, and the molecular formula is C5H7N3S3, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Broderius, Steven J. published the artcileUse of joint toxic response to define the primary mode of toxic action for diverse industrial organic chemicals, HPLC of Formula: 2447-79-2, the publication is Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1995), 14(9), 1591-605, database is CAplus.

We have explored the use of 96-h acute toxicity tests with juvenile fathead minnows and primarily binary chem. mixtures to define the primary acute mode of toxic action for diverse industrial organic chems. Our investigation mainly considered the two special cases of noninteractive joint action known as concentration (simple similar) and response (independent) addition The different forms of joint toxicity with binary mixtures were graphically illustrated by isobole diagrams. Designated as the mode of action-specific reference toxicants were 1-octanol, phenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. It was observed from binary isobole diagrams that a chem. with a similar primary mode of toxic action to that of a reference toxicant would display a concentration-addition type of joint action with the reference toxicant over the entire mixture ratio range. Dissimilar chems. with very steep concentration-response curves generally showed an interaction that was less-than-concentration additive, but consistently demonstrated a joint toxicity that was greater than predicted by the response-addition model. The more-than-concentration additive complex isoboles that are indicative of interactive toxicity were not commonly observed in our experiments

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published new progress about 2447-79-2. 2447-79-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Benzene,Amide, name is 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide, and the molecular formula is C7H5Cl2NO, HPLC of Formula: 2447-79-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kitabatake, Kazuki published the artcileInvolvement of CD73 and A2B receptor in radiation-induced DNA damage response and cell migration in human glioblastoma A172 cells, Computed Properties of 264622-53-9, the publication is Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (2021), 44(2), 197-210, database is CAplus.

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system and is treated with a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. However, the tumor often acquires radiation resistance, which is characterized by an increased DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that CD73, which generates extracellular adenosine from ATP, and A2B receptor, which is activated by adenosine, are involved in the γ-radiation-induced DDR and the enhanced migration ability of human glioblastoma cell line A172. To investigate DDR, we evaluated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation and focus formation of histone H2A isoform γ (γH2AX) and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) in the nucleus of A172 cells after γ-irradiation Antagonists of A2B receptor and CD73, or knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA), suppressed γ-radiation-induced DDR and promoted γ-radiation-induced cell death, as well as suppressing γ-radiation-induced cell migration and actin remodeling. These results suggest that activation of A2B receptor by extracellular adenosine generated via CD73 promotes γ-radiation-induced DDR, leading to recovery from DNA damage, and also enhances cell migration and actin remodeling. The CD73-A2B receptor pathway may be a promising target for overcoming radiation resistance and the acquisition of malignant phenotypes during radiotherapy of glioblastoma.

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin published new progress about 264622-53-9. 264622-53-9 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class GPCR/G Protein,Adenosine Receptor, name is N-(4-Acetylphenyl)-2-(4-(2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-2,3,6,9-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl)phenoxy)acetamide, and the molecular formula is C27H29N5O5, Computed Properties of 264622-53-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jagia, Moksh published the artcileNovel Co-crystals and Eutectics of Febuxostat: Characterization, Mechanism of Formation, and Improved Dissolution, Application In Synthesis of 1453-82-3, the publication is AAPS PharmSciTech (2022), 23(1), 43, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Co-crystallization studies were undertaken to improve the solubility of a highly water-insoluble drug febuxostat (FXT), used in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. The selection of co-crystal former (CCF) mols. such as 1-hydroxy 2-naphthoic acid (1H-2NPH), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (4-HBA), salicylic acid (SAC), 5-nitro isophthalic acid (5-NPH), isonicotinamide (ISNCT), and picolinamide (PICO) was based on the presence of complementary functional groups capable of forming hydrogen bond and the ΔpKa difference between FXT and CCF. A liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) method was successfully employed for the rapid screening of various pharmaceutical adducts. These adducts were characterized based on their unique thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) and spectroscopic (Fourier transform IR and Raman spectroscopy) profiles. Binary phase diagrams (BPD) were plotted to establish a relationship between the thermal events and adduct formed. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies were carried out to confirm the formation of eutectic/co-crystal. Thermogravimetric anal. (TGA) was also performed for the novel co-crystals obtained. The propensity for strong homo-synthons over weak hetero-synthons and strong hetero-synthons over weak homo-synthons during supramol. growth resulted in the formation of eutectics and co-crystals resp. FXT:1H-2NPH (1), FXT:4-HBA (1), FXT:SAC (1, 2), and FXT:5-NPH (2-1) gave rise to pure eutectic systems, while FXT:ISNCT (2-1) and FXT:PICO (1) gave rise to novel co-crystals with characteristic DSC heating curves and PXRD pattern. Addnl., the impact of microenvironmental pH and microspeciation profile on the improved dissolution profile of the co-crystals was discussed.

AAPS PharmSciTech published new progress about 1453-82-3. 1453-82-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is Isonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, Application In Synthesis of 1453-82-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mokariya, Jaydeep A. published the artcileSimultaneous ultrasound- and microwave-assisted one-pot ‘click’ synthesis of 3-formyl-indole clubbed 1,2,3-triazole derivatives and their biological evaluation, Name: 2-Chloroacetamide, the publication is Molecular Diversity (2022), 26(2), 963-979, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

An environment friendly, high yielding, promising one-pot protocol for the click reaction of N-propargyl-3-formylindoles, chloroacetic acid/ester and sodium azide, leading to the formation of 3-formyl-indole clubbed 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives I [R = OH, OEt, Ph, etc.; R¹ = H, Me] aided by CuI catalyst accomplished under acceleration of simultaneous ultrasound and microwave irradiation in a very short reaction time was described. Further, acid derivatives I [R = OH; R¹ = H, Me] were subjected to acid-amine coupling reaction with secondary amines in the presence of HATU to afford triazoles II [R² = 4-methylpiperidin-1-yl, 2-morpholino, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, etc.]. The perspective of this protocol was to get rid of the hectic preparation and handling of organic azide which are generated in situ. Consequently, this protocol blossomed the click process by making it environment benign, user-friendly, safe and clean technique. All the synthesized compounds were preliminarily screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic strains. The majority of compounds possessed noticeably inhibitory action against E. Coli, S. Typhi, P. Aeruginosa, C. tetani, S. aureus and B. subtillis. Among all compounds, I [R¹ = H, R² = 4-methylpiperidin-1-yl; R¹ = Me, R² = 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl] exhibited excellent inhibitory action against E.Coli and P. Aeruginosa strain, resp., as compared to standard drug. One compound I [R = Me, R¹ = OEt] showed remarkable potency against fungal strain. Mol. docking study was carried out to understand binding of compound with protein. In silico ADME prediction was carried out to check physicochem. properties of synthesized compound

Molecular Diversity published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Name: 2-Chloroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics