Category: amides-buliding-blocks

In vivo antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic activities and chemical constituents of Solanum anomalum was written by Okokon, Jude E.;Etuk, Idongesit C.;Thomas, Paul S.;Drijfhout, Falko P.;Claridge, Tim D. W.;Li, Wen-Wu. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2022.Related Products of 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:

Solanum anomalum is a plant used ethnomedically for the treatment of diabetes. The study was aimed to validate ethnomedical claims in rat model and identify the likely antidiabetic compounds Leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg/day) and fractions (140 mg/kg/day) of S. anomalum were evaluated in hyperglycemic rats induced using alloxan for effects on blood glucose, lipids and pancreas histol. Phytochem. characterization of isolated compounds and their identification were performed using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Bioinformatics tool was used to predict the possible protein targets of the identified bioactive compounds The leaf extract/fractions on administration to diabetic rats caused significant lowering of fasting blood glucose of the diabetic rats during single dose study and on repeated administration of the extract The hydroethanolic leaf extracts also enhanced glucose utilization capacity of the diabetic rats and caused significant lowering of glycosylated Hb levels and elevation of insulin levels in the serum. Furthermore, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol levels were lowered significantly, while HDL-cholesterol levels were also elevated in the treated diabetic rats. There was absence or few pathol. signs in the treated hyperglycemic rat pancreas compared to that present in the pancreas of control group. Diosgenin, 25(R)-diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, uracil, thymine, 1-octacosanol, and octacosane were isolated and identified. Protein phosphatases along with secreted proteins are predicted to be the major targets of diosgenin and the diosgenin glycoside. These results suggest that the leaf extract/fractions of S. anomalum possess antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties, offer protection to the pancreas and stimulate insulin secretion, which can be attributable to the activities of its phytochem. constituents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Related Products of 10238-21-8).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Related Products of 10238-21-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cu(II)-metformin immobilized on graphene oxide: an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the Beckmann rearrangement was written by Solaiman Hamed, Ahmed;Mohammad Ali, Ehab. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2020.Recommanded Product: 2670-38-4 This article mentions the following:

In this study, for the first time, the copper(II) nanoparticles (NPs) have been immobilized on metformin-functionalized graphene oxide and then its catalytic applications have been investigated in synthesis of amides from aldoximes (Beckmann rearrangement). All analyses confirm the successful and stable immobilization of copper NPs on functionalized graphene oxide. This synthesized heterogeneous nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic activity with high product yields and short reaction times. Also, the suggested catalyst could be recycled ten times without a drastic decrease in its catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Recommanded Product: 2670-38-4).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: 2670-38-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of naphtho[2,3-b]pyrandiones: (-)-cryptosporin was written by Brade, Walter;Vasella, Andrea. And the article was included in Helvetica Chimica Acta in 1989.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A new method for the synthesis of naphtho[2,3-b]pyrandiones from sulfonyl lactones and 1-nitroglycals is presented. Thus, 3-phenylsulfonylphthalide (I, R = H) reacted with the 1-nitroglycal II in the presence of LiN(CHMe₂)₂ at room temperature to give the naphthopyrandione III in high yields. Reaction at a lower temperature led to the intermediate Michael-addition products. I (R = OCH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe) and the 1-nitroglycal IV were prepared for the synthesis of the title compound (V) by base-promoted condensation and deblocking. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On the Synthesis and Reactivity of 2,3-Dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazolin-5(1H)-ones was written by Sutherell, Charlotte L.;Ley, Steven V.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2017.Name: 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide This article mentions the following:

An improved, scalable synthetic route to the quinazolinone natural product 2,3-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazolin-5(1H)-one I (R = H, 6-F, 7-OMe, 8-Me, etc.) is reported. The applicability of this method to analog synthesis and the synthesis of related natural products are explored. Finally, reactivity of the scaffold to a variety of electrophilic reagents, generating products stereoselectively, e.g., II, is reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9Name: 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide).

6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Name: 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic ligand and solvent free oxidative carbonylation of amine over Pd/TiO₂ with unprecedented activity was written by Liu, Shujuan;Dai, Xingchao;Wang, Hongli;Shi, Feng. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2019.Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

A highly active Pd/TiO₂ catalyst system was prepared and applied in the oxidative carbonylation of amines to ureas with ultra-low Pd content under organic ligand and solvent free conditions. The catalytic turnover frequencies (TOFs, moles of amines converted per mol of Pd per h) were 126 000 and 250 000 h^-1 for the production of diphenylurea and dibenzylurea, resp. An expanded substrate scope including the electron-rich and electron-deficient anilines, primary aliphatic amines, secondary amines was also established. This work offers a straightforward, step economic, and green methodol. for the efficient synthesis of valuable ureas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of the vasodilator effect of eugenol in isolated human umbilical cord arteries was written by Dantas, Debora de Menezes;Silva, Andressa de Alencar;Pereira-de-Morais, Luis;Bastos, Carla Mikevely de Sena;Calixto, Gabriela Lucena;Kerntopf, Marta Regina;Menezes, Irwin Rose Alencar de;Weinreich, Daniel;Barbosa, Roseli. And the article was included in Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2022.Name: 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide This article mentions the following:

Eugenol (EUG) is a phenylpropanoid widely used in the food and cosmetic industries. It is commonly referred to in the literature by its biol. activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and relaxing in organs of laboratory animals, especially in rodent vessels. However, its vasorelaxant potential in human tissue, has not been investigated. Thus, this study characterizes the vasodilatory effect of EUG in the human umbilical artery (HUA). HUAs were isolated, cleaned, sectioned (3-4 mm) and placed in an organ bath (10 mL Krebs Henseleit, 37°C; and carbogenic mixture). EUG (100-1400μM), obtained total relaxation of electromech. contractions induced by KCl (60 mM), and pharmacomech. contractions (30-1200μM), induced by serotonin (10μM) and by histamine (10μM), showing statistically significant concentrations: 600μM, 400μM and 200μM, and EC50 values: 759.8 ± 6.5μM, 229.9 ± 7.9 and 279.0 ± 3.4μM, resp. EUG (1200 and 1400μM) prevented the contraction promoted by BaCl2 (0.1-30 mM), similar to the effects of nifedipine (10μM), sugesting the involvement of EUG in blocking VOCCs. In the presence of tetraethylammonium (10μM), EUG (30-1200μM) did not produce a total relaxation (88.6%), suggesting that an alternative pathway where potassium channels, may partially mediate EUG effect. In the presence of 4-aminopyridine (1 mM), glibenclamide (10μM), and tetraethylammonium (1 mM), EUG relaxed HUAs 100%, although the pharmacol. potency was statistically altered, demonstrating the participation of K+ channels (Kv, KATP, BKCa). Our data indicates that EUG has a vasorelaxant effect on HUAs, had a greater pharmacol. potency in the serotoninergic pathway, showing effective participation of VOCCs and a partial modulation of K+ channels. These data suggest new possibilities for the use of EUG in human vascular dysfunctions, such as preeclampsia. More studies are necessary to confirm the safety and effectivity in future treatments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Name: 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Name: 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In vitro and vivo study of tranilast protects from acute respiratory distress syndrome and early pulmonary fibrosis induced by smoke inhalation. was written by Cui, Pei;Tang, Zhiping;Zhan, Qiu;Deng, Chunjiang;Lai, Yanhua;Zhu, Fujun;Xin, Haiming;Li, Rongsheng;Chen, Anning;Tong, Yalin. And the article was included in Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries in 2022.Related Products of 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND: Tranilast (N-[3＇,4＇-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-anthranilic acid) is an analog of a tryptophan metabolite. It was identified with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activities, and used in the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as anti – allergy, bronchial asthma, and hypertrophic scars. As a drug with few adverse reactions, tranilast has attracted great attention, but its application is limited due to the uncertainty of dosages and mechanisms. In this study, the protection effects of different doses of tranilast on smoke inhalation mediated lung injury on rats, and on the damage of three kinds of lung cells in vitro were investigated. METHOD: In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, smoke group (rats were exposed to pine sawdust smoke three times, each time for 5 min), different doses of tranilast treatment group (doses were 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, ip.) and placebo group. After 1, 3 and 7 days, pulmonary function, pathologic injury by HE staining, cytokines and oxidative stress level by kits were determined. At 7days, lung fibrosis was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining and the level of hydroxyproline (HYP). In vitro, three kinds of lung cells from normal rats were isolated: type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT-II), pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) and pulmonary fibroblasts (PFs). To investigate the potential effects of tranilast on cell proliferation, cell cycle and cytokine production of three kinds of lung cells exposed to smoke. RESULTS: Compared with smoke group and placebo group, tranilast treatment significantly reduced histopathological changes (such as pulmonary hemorrhage, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, etc.), significantly reduced histopathological score (p < 0.05), increased arterial oxygen partial pressure, and decreased the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β1 (p < 0.05), oxidative stress and the expression of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) smoke exposed rats (p < 0.01). In particular, the effect of 200 mg/kg dose was more prominent. In vitro, smoke induced AT-II and PMVECs apoptosis, improved PFs proliferation (p < 0.01), activity of SOD and decreased the content of MDA (p < 0.01). However, tranilast seems to be turning this trend well. The inflammatory factor IL-11β, TNF-α and TGF-β1, and the expression of NF-κB were significantly lower in the tranilast treatment than in the smoke group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that tranilast had a protective effect on acute respiratory distress syndrome and early pulmonary fibrosis of rats in vivo. In addition, tranilast promotes proliferation of AT-II and PMVECs but inhibits PFs proliferation, down-regulates secretion of inflammatory cytokines and alleviates oxidative stress of AT-II, PMVECs and PFs after smoke stimuli in vitro. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Related Products of 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Related Products of 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Activated low temperature bleaching of cotton fabric with glucose oxidase was written by Zhao, Zheng;Chen, Ting-Chun;Zhu, Quan;Zhu, Li-Min. And the article was included in Yinran in 2011.Related Products of 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

In low-temperature bleaching of cotton fabric with glucose oxidase, the decomposition of H₂O₂ is only about 50%, so activator TAED is introduced into the bleaching system. The optimal process of activated low-temperature bleaching is: pH value 7.0, n(TAED):n(H₂O₂) 0.5:1, bleaching at 70 °C for 60 min, bath ratio 10:1, and sodium pyrophosphate 2g/L. Decomposition rate of H₂O₂ is above 98% in the activated low temperature bleaching system. The whiteness of the fabric bleached in the activated low temperature process is lower than that in the traditional process. Compared with traditional bleaching process, low temperature bleaching with glucose oxidase has lower damage and less strength loss to fibers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Related Products of 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Related Products of 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dehydration of an Insoluble Urea Byproduct Enables the Condensation of DCC and Malonic Acid in Flow was written by O’Brien, Alexander G.;Ricci, Eric M.;Journet, Michel. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2018.COA of Formula: C13H24N2O This article mentions the following:

A procedure for the preparation of N,N’-dicyclohexylbarbituric acid from DCC and malonic acid is described. Addition of phosphorus oxychloride to the reaction mixture facilitates dehydration of the insoluble byproduct N,N’-dicyclohexyl urea, enabling operation in continuous flow. A development approach based on in situ monitoring of batch reactions was used, which supported screening and determination of reaction conditions at small scale prior to scaleup in flow. Addnl. mechanistic understanding and control of impurity formation are presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7COA of Formula: C13H24N2O).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.COA of Formula: C13H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Homogeneously catalytic ozone decolorization of reactive dyeing effluents was written by Luo, Deng-hong;Zheng, Qing-kang;Su, Shi;Chen, Song;Pu, Zong-Yao;Gao, Dian-quan. And the article was included in Yinran in 2010.COA of Formula: C10H16N2O4 This article mentions the following:

Synergistic action of homogeneous activator tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) on ozone decolorization of reactive dyes was studied. Influences of ozone airflow, TAED concentration, pH value and reaction time on decoloration rate and COD_Cr value were investigated. The results showed that activator TAED could enhance ozone decolorization action, improve decoloration rate and removal of COD_Cr shorten reaction time by activating ozone to produce peracetic acid and reduce surface tension of the solution In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4COA of Formula: C10H16N2O4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.COA of Formula: C10H16N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics