Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Poly-allylamine hydrochloride and fucoidan-based self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles for cancer therapeutics was written by Wang, Pei;Kankala, Ranjith Kumar;Chen, Biaoqi;Long, Ruimin;Cai, Duanhua;Liu, Yuangang;Wang, Shibin. And the article was included in Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 7413-34-5 This article mentions the following:

Herein, we fabricated the novel drug delivery system based on the self-assembly of two polyelectrolytes, poly-allylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and fucoidan, as the polycation and polyanion, resp., under mild conditions for cancer therapeutics. Furthermore, the designed polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles as well as the methotrexate (MTX) disodium salt-loaded composites were systematically characterized using various techniques. The MTX loading in the nanoparticles was confirmed by zeta potential values that changed from -36.2 ± 2.2 to -28.3 ± 3.1 mV at a loading amount of 13.3 ± 1.2%. Furthermore, the obtained eventual particle sizes of nanoparticles were various with different concentrations and ratios of polyelectrolytes. The particle size also has increased from 130 ± 2.6 to 162.9 ± 2.3 nm after loading MTX. The drug release investigations in vitro at a pH value of 6.0 (acid environment) showed that the release of MTX was sustained in the conditions provided. Finally, we investigated the anticancer efficacy of MTX-loaded nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells and HeLa cells and the satisfactory results were obtained. Together, these self-assembled PAH/fucoidan nanoparticles with sustained drug release property will become the promising delivery system for cancer therapeutics. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2018. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5HPLC of Formula: 7413-34-5).

Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.HPLC of Formula: 7413-34-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tranilast abrogates cisplatin-induced testicular and epididymal injuries: An insight into its modulatory impact on apoptosis/proliferation was written by Makled, Mirhan N.;Said, Eman. And the article was included in Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology in 2021.Product Details of 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent whose therapeutic use is greatly limited by the associated organs’ toxicity and particularly, testicular toxicity. Cisplatin-induced testicular damage reported being mediated through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Evidence showed that tranilast (TRN) has the ability to restore the oxidative status and modulate TRAIL/caspase-8 signaling. This led us to hypothesize that TRN could abrogate cisplatin-induced testicular and epididymal injuries via inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating proliferation and TRAIL/caspase-8/cJNK signaling. Cisplatin injection induced oligospermia and abnormalities in testicular and epididymal structure along with impaired oxidative status. TRN administration (100 or 300 mg/kg) for 7 days post-cisplatin injection preserved spermatogenesis and restored testicular and epididymal architecture, but restoration was more so in TRN300 than TRN100. This was in line with the restoration of balanced oxidative status as indicated by the increased total antioxidant capacity, glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity, and the decreased malondialdehyde content in testes (p < 0.05 vs. cisplatin). TRN increased the cell proliferation revealed by the increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05 vs. cisplatin) whereas only TRN300 decreased testicular cJNK, TRAIL, and caspase-8 expression (p < 0.05 vs. cisplatin). Moreover, TRN dose-dependently inhibited the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF- KB and the cytokine TNF-α expressions in testes. In conclusion, TRN300 was more effective than TRN100 in alleviating cisplatin-induced testicular and epididymal injuries and in enhancing spermatogenesis. This curative effect of TRN might be mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory impacts along with its modulatory impact on cJNK/TRAIL/caspase-8 signaling favoring proliferation rather than apoptosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Product Details of 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Product Details of 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of a new LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of 13 antidiabetic drugs in human hair was written by Arbouche, Nadia;Raul, Jean-Sebastien;Kintz, Pascal. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences in 2022.Reference of 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:

Oral antidiabetics are the drugs used to control blood sugar in diabetic subjects. The greatest risk of using these drugs is hypoglycemia, which can be fatal if managed inappropriately. The diagnosis of hypoglycemia may be simple in diabetic subjects but can become a challenge in subjects with no history of exposure to these drugs. The major interest of testing for these compounds in hair is in the case of unexpected hypoglycemias, as it enables discrimination between hypoglycemias caused by antidiabetics and other reasons (e.g. insulinoma). Therefore it is important for a toxicol. laboratory to screen for antidiabetics in hair due to the large window of detection this matrix allows associated to its long stability over time. In this study, a method has been developed and validated using liquid-chromatog. coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the anal. of 13 oral antidiabetics in hair. After addition of three different internal standards (hydroxy-tolbutamide-d9 for sulfonylureas, repaglinide-ethyl-d5 for glinides and vildagliptin-d3 for gliptins) and incubation in an ultrasonic bath in methanol, the hair was dissolved in NaOH and then subjected to liquid-liquid extraction The validation procedure demonstrated an acceptable linearity for all compounds between 1 and 50,000 pg/mg. LOD and LOQ were between 0.5 and 5 pg/mg and 1-10 pg/mg resp. Repeatability and reproducibility were below 20% at two concentrations for all the analytes. The method was successfully applied to the hair of 18 diabetic patients under treatment of oral antidiabetics. The hair tested pos. for gliclazide (3-21,400 pg/mg), sitagliptin (1.4-1.8 pg/mg), vildagliptin (3.3 – 1,740 pg/mg) and repaglinide (14.1 pg/mg). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Reference of 10238-21-8).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Reference of 10238-21-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comparison activating ability of three hydrogen peroxide activators was written by Guo, Sheng;Huang, De-Yi;She, Ji-Feng;Liang, Xiang-Qun. And the article was included in Advanced Materials Research (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) in 2013.Electric Literature of C10H16N2O4 This article mentions the following:

The bleaching efficiency of hydrogen peroxide can be promoted by using suitable activator. In our research, two methods were applied to compare the activating ability of three activators, TAED (tetraacetylethylenediamine), acetamide and dicyandiamide. The first part was hydrogen peroxide bleaching. TAED was excellent, because the brightness improvement was the maximum; the viscosity was acceptable. Acetamide was an applied activator in peroxide bleaching, for it could get same effects as TAED if the bleaching process had enough time and enough dosage. In the last part our study was about the kinetics of a lignin model compounds, acetovanillone, in peroxide-alone system, TAED/H₂O₂ system, acetamide/H₂O₂ system and dicyandiamide/H₂O₂ system. The rate constant, k and half-life period, t_1/2 can be used to compare the rate of oxidation of acetovanilone. Compared to peroxide-alone system, three systems with activator and H₂O₂ could accelerate the reactions of hydrogen peroxide and acetovanillone. The t_1/2 of TAED/H₂O₂ system was least of them. It was just 1/5 of t_1/2 of peroxide-alone system, 1/4 of t_1/2 of acetamide/H₂O₂ system and dicyandiamide/H₂O₂ system. The activating ability order of activators was: TAED> acetamide> dicyandiamide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Electric Literature of C10H16N2O4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Electric Literature of C10H16N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Direct Hydroxylation and Amination of Arenes via Deprotonative Cupration was written by Tezuka, Noriyuki;Shimojo, Kohei;Hirano, Keiichi;Komagawa, Shinsuke;Yoshida, Kengo;Wang, Chao;Miyamoto, Kazunori;Saito, Tatsuo;Takita, Ryo;Uchiyama, Masanobu. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2016.Computed Properties of C11H15NO2 This article mentions the following:

Deprotonative directed ortho cupration of aromatic/heteroaromatic C-H bond and subsequent oxidation with t-BuOOH furnished functionalized phenols in high yields with high regio- and chemoselectivity. DFT calculations revealed that this hydroxylation reaction proceeds via a copper (I → III → I) redox mechanism. Application of this reaction to aromatic C-H amination using BnONH₂ efficiently afforded the corresponding primary anilines. These reactions show broad scope and good functional group compatibility. Catalytic versions of these transformations are also demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Computed Properties of C11H15NO2).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Computed Properties of C11H15NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

KB₃H₈: an environment-friendly reagent for the selective reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols was written by Li, Xinying;Mi, Tongge;Guo, Wenjing;Ruan, Zhongrui;Guo, Yu;Ma, Yan-Na;Chen, Xuenian. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 13255-50-0 This article mentions the following:

Selective reduction of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcs. with KB₃H₈, an air- and moisture-stable, nontoxic, and easy-to-handle reagent, in water and THF has been explored under an air atm. for the first time. Control experiments illustrated the good selectivity of KB₃H₈ over NaBH₄ for the reduction of 4-acetylbenzaldehyde and aromatic keto esters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0HPLC of Formula: 13255-50-0).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.HPLC of Formula: 13255-50-0

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Controlled Reduction of Tertiary Amides to the Corresponding Alcohols, Aldehydes, or Amines Using Dialkylboranes and Aminoborohydride Reagents was written by Bailey, Christopher L.;Joh, Alexander Y.;Hurley, Zefan Q.;Anderson, Christopher L.;Singaram, Bakthan. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Application In Synthesis of N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide This article mentions the following:

Dialkylboranes and aminoborohydrides are mild, selective reducing agents complementary to the commonly utilized amide reducing agents, such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄) and diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) reagents. Tertiary amides were reduced using 1 or 2 equiv of various dialkylboranes. The reduction of tertiary amides required 2 equiv of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) for complete reduction to give the corresponding tertiary amines. One equivalent of sterically hindered disiamylborane reacts with tertiary amides to afford the corresponding aldehydes. Aminoborohydrides are powerful and selective reducing agents for the reduction of tertiary amides. Lithium dimethylaminoborohydride and lithium diisopropylaminoborohydride are prepared from n-butyllithium and the corresponding amine-borane. Chloromagnesium dimethylaminoborohydride (ClMg⁺[H₃B-NMe₂]^–, MgAB) is prepared by the reaction of dimethylamine-borane with methylmagnesium chloride. Solutions of aminoborohydride reduce aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic tertiary amides to give the corresponding alc., amine, or aldehyde depending on the steric requirement of the tertiary amide and the aminoborohydride used. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7Application In Synthesis of N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide).

N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Application In Synthesis of N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The sydnone ring as an ortho-director of lithiation. 2. Dilithiation of 3-phenylsydnone and regiospecific o-aryl acylation using N-methoxy-N-methylamides was written by Turnbull, Kenneth;Sun, Congcong;Krein, Douglas M.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1998.Product Details of 192436-83-2 This article mentions the following:

Readily available 3-phenylsydnone reacts with butyllithium-TMEDA to form a dilithio species which can be regiospecifically acylated at the ortho-aryl position using N-methoxy-N-methylamides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Product Details of 192436-83-2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Product Details of 192436-83-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Conformation and stereodynamics of ortho-hydroxy and ring-unsubstituted N,N-dialkylbenzamides was written by Jennings, W. Brian;Randall, David;Saket, Barahman Movassagh. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications in 1982.Computed Properties of C11H15NO2 This article mentions the following:

Low temperature NMR spectral study of o-RC₆H₄CONR¹₂ (R = OH, R¹ = CHMe₂, Et, CH₂Ph; R = H, NR¹₂ = 3,5-dimethylpiperidino) showed these compounds to have a noncoplanar conformation with barriers of 7-9 kcal/mol to rotation about the aryl-CO bond. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Computed Properties of C11H15NO2).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Computed Properties of C11H15NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hindered internal rotation in N-cycloalkyl amides was written by Nishiyama, Tomihiro;Nagata, Kazui;Yamada, Fukiko. And the article was included in Technology Reports of Kansai University in 1983.Quality Control of N-Cyclopropylformamide This article mentions the following:

Cis and trans conformers were observed for N-cyclopropyl-, N-cyclobutyl-, and N-cyclopentylformamides (I, II, and III, resp.) using ¹³C NMR. For N-cyclohexyl- and N-cycloheptylformamide, the amide moiety did not show double bond character because of deviations from coplanarity. Free energies of activation of rotation about the amide bond in I, II, and III were determined In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Cyclopropylformamide (cas: 58644-54-5Quality Control of N-Cyclopropylformamide).

N-Cyclopropylformamide (cas: 58644-54-5) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Quality Control of N-Cyclopropylformamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics