Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Palladium-Catalyzed Ortho-Arylation of Benzamides via Direct sp² C-H Bond Activation was written by Li, Dan-Dan;Yuan, Ting-Ting;Wang, Guan-Wu. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2012.Name: 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide This article mentions the following:

The palladium-catalyzed ortho-arylation of benzamides by aryl iodides has been demonstrated with the simplest amide CONH₂ as a directing group for the first time. This protocol can be applied to various benzamides and aryl iodides with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. In addition, the synthesized biphenyl-2-carboxamides can be further transformed to other biphenyl derivatives such as nitriles, carboxylic acids, carbamates, and amines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Name: 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Name: 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive arylation of α-chlorosulfones with aryl halides was written by Sun, Deli;Ma, Guobin;Zhao, Xinluo;Lei, Chuanhu;Gong, Hegui. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2021.Formula: C9H10BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

An asym. Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aryl/heteroaryl halides with racemic α-chlorosulfones to afford enantioenriched sulfones I [R¹ = Me, Ph, 2-thienyl, etc.; R² = Me, n-Bu, Bn, etc.; Ar = 4-MeOOCC₆H₄, 2-methoxy-pyridin-5-yl, 2-naphthyl, etc.] was reported. The reaction tolerated a variety of functional groups under mild reaction conditions, which complements current methods. The utility of this work was demonstrated by facile late-stage functionalization of com. drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Formula: C9H10BrNO2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Formula: C9H10BrNO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oxidative Debenzylation of N-Benzyl Amides and O-Benzyl Ethers Using Alkali Metal Bromide was written by Moriyama, Katsuhiko;Nakamura, Yu;Togo, Hideo. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2014.Related Products of 5339-69-5 This article mentions the following:

The oxidative debenzylation of N-benzyl amides and O-benzyl ethers was promoted with high efficiency by a bromo radical formed through the oxidation of bromide from alkali metal bromide under mild conditions. This reaction provided the corresponding amides from N-benzyl amides and carbonyl compounds from O-benzyl ethers in high yields. E.g., in presence of KBr and Oxone® in MeNO₂ at 30 °C, debenzylation of PhSO₂NMeBn gave >99% PhSO₂NHMe. Under the same conditions, oxidative debenzylation of Bu₂CHOBn gave 91% Bu₂CO. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5Related Products of 5339-69-5).

N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Related Products of 5339-69-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A third generation of radical fluorinating agents based on N-fluoro-N-arylsulfonamides was written by Meyer, Daniel;Jangra, Harish;Walther, Fabian;Zipse, Hendrik;Renaud, Philippe. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2018.Safety of N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

The preparation, use and properties of N-fluoro-N-arylsulfonamides (NFASs), a class of fluorinating reagents suitable for radical fluorination under mild conditions was reported. Their N-F bond dissociation energies (BDE) are 30-45 kJ mol^-1 lower than the N-F BDE of the reagents of the second generation. This favored clean radical fluorination processes over undesired side reactions. The utility of NFASs was demonstrated by a metal-free radical hydrofluorination of alkenes including an efficient remote C-H fluorination via a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer. NFASs have the potential to become the reagents of choice in many radical fluorination processes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5Safety of N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide).

N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Safety of N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of different activation processes on H₂O₂/TAED bleaching of Populus nigra chemi-thermo mechanical pulp was written by Zhao, Qiang;Sun, Dezhi;Wang, Zhaohong;Pu, Junwen;Jin, Xiaojuan;Xing, Mian. And the article was included in BioResources in 2012.Formula: C10H16N2O4 This article mentions the following:

Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) was used as an activator in H₂O₂ bleaching to improve bleaching efficiency. The present work was aimed at confirming different activations for various H₂O₂/TAED bleaching processes, including the addition of acetic anhydride and the step-addition of sodium hydroxide. The results showed that an acetic anhydride dosage of 1%, an acetic anhydride treatment time of 10 min, and an addition time of 45 min were the optimal treatment conditions. The optimum processes of NaOH step-addition treatment in H₂O₂ bleaching and in H₂O₂/TAED bleaching also were confirmed, resp. The o-quinone contents of H₂O₂ bleached lignin and H₂O₂/TAED bleached lignin were determined The results indicated that H₂O₂/TAED bleached lignin has a lower o-quinone content than H₂O₂ bleached lignin, which is one of the reasons for the H₂O₂/TAED bleaching process having better bleaching efficiency than H₂O₂ bleaching. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Formula: C10H16N2O4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Formula: C10H16N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Novel Benzophenones as Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1 was written by Chan, Joseph H.;Freeman, George A.;Tidwell, Jeffrey H.;Romines, Karen R.;Schaller, Lee T.;Cowan, Jill R.;Gonzales, Steve S.;Lowell, Gina S.;Andrews, C. W. III;Reynolds, David J.;St. Clair, Marty;Hazen, Richard J.;Ferris, Rob G.;Creech, Katrina L.;Roberts, Grace B.;Short, Steven A.;Weaver, Kurt;Koszalka, George W.;Boone, Lawrence R.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2004.Computed Properties of C7H10N2O2S This article mentions the following:

GW4511, GW4751, and GW3011 showed IC₅₀ values ≤2 nM against wild type HIV-1 and <10 nM against 16 mutants. They were particularly potent against NNRTI-resistant viruses containing Y181C-, K103N-, and K103N-based double mutations, which account for a significant proportion of the clin. failure of the three currently marketed NNRTIs. The antiviral data together with the favorable pharmacokinetic data of GW4511 suggested that these benzophenones possess attributes of a new NNRTI drug candidate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4Computed Properties of C7H10N2O2S).

4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Computed Properties of C7H10N2O2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Interleukin-6 secretion by fibroblasts in carpal tunnel syndrome patients is associated with trigger finger and inhibited by tranilast was written by Kawamoto, Hiroya;Iwatsuki, Katsuyuki;Kurimoto, Shigeru;Yamamoto, Michiro;Tatebe, Masahiro;Morita, Akimasa;Kinoshita, Fumie;Hirata, Hitoshi. And the article was included in Muscle & Nerve in 2020.Product Details of 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

In this study we aimed to clarify the association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in fibroblasts in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients and their biophys. parameters, including association with trigger finger and whether tranilast inhibits IL-6 secretion in fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were obtained from tenosynovial tissue harvested from idiopathic CTS patients undergoing carpal tunnel release and tenosynovectomy and cultured in media containing tranilast with or without tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Their proliferation was evaluated and secreted IL-6 levels and IL-6 mRNA expression were quantified. Correlations between IL-6 concentration and patient characteristics were examined IL-6 secretion was significantly associated with trigger finger (P = .001). Tranilast inhibited fibroblast proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed IL-6 secretion. IL-6 overproduction in tenosynovial tissue may account for the association between CTS and trigger finger. Future studies should investigate whether tranilast can be used to treat patients with CTS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Product Details of 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Product Details of 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Separation and quantitation of possible degradation products of procarbazine hydrochloride in its dosage form was written by Burce, Gary L.;Boehlert, Judy P.. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1978.SDS of cas: 13255-50-0 This article mentions the following:

A stability-indicating assay for the degradation products of procarbazine hydrochloride (I) [366-70-1] was developed using high-pressure liquid chromatog. The method uses a buffered MeOH-M₂O mobile phase on a reversed-phase column. Concentrations of degradation products as low as 0.04 mg/mL, 0.02% degradation, was quantitated using an internal standard of cinnamyl alc. The typical range for degradation products in procarbazine capsules is 0.1-0.5% after as long as 4.5 yr. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0SDS of cas: 13255-50-0).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.SDS of cas: 13255-50-0

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The wide spectrum high biocidal potency of Bioxy formulation when dissolved in water at different concentrations was written by Dagher, Dori;Ungar, Ken;Robison, Richard;Dagher, Fadi. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2017.Formula: C10H16N2O4 This article mentions the following:

Traditional surface disinfectants that have long been applied in medicine, animal husbandry, manufacturing and institutions are inconvenient at best and dangerous at worst. Moreover, some of these substances have adverse environmental impacts: for example, quaternary ammonium compounds (“quats”) are reproductive toxicants in both fish and mammals. Halogens are corrosive both to metals and living tissues, are highly reactive, can be readily neutralized by metals, and react with organic matter to form toxic, persistent byproducts such as dioxins and furans. Aldehydes may be carcinogenic to both human and animals upon repeated exposures, are corrosive, cross-link living tissues and many synthetic materials, and may lose efficacy when pathogens enzymically adapt to them. Alcs. are flammable and volatile and can be enzymically degraded by certain bacterial pathogens. Quats are highly irritating to mucous membranes and over time can induce pathogen resistance, especially if they are not alternated with functionally different disinfectants. In contrast, peracetic acid (PAA), a potent oxidizer, liberates hydrogen peroxide (itself a disinfectant), biodegrades to carbon dioxide, water and oxygen, and is at least as efficacious as contact biocides e.g., halogens and aldehydes. Nevertheless, the standard form of liquid PAA is highly corrosive, is neutralized by metals and organic matter, gives off noxious odors and must be stored in vented containers. For the reasons stated above, Bioxy formulations were developed, a series of powder forms of PAA, which are odorless, stable in storage and safe to transport and handle. They generate up to 10% PAA in situ when dissolved in water. A 0.2% aqueous solution of Bioxy (equivalent to 200 ppm PAA) effected a 6.76 log reduction in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) within 2 min after application. A 5% aqueous solution of Bioxy achieved a 3.93 log reduction in the bovine tuberculosis bacillus Mycobacterium bovis, within 10 min after contact. A 1% solution of Bioxy reduced vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 6.31 and 7.18 logs, resp., within 3 min after application. A 0.5% solution of Bioxy inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) within 15 min of contact, and a 5% solution of Bioxy realized a 5.36 log reduction in the spores of Clostridium difficile within 10 min of application. In summary, Bioxy is safe and easy to transport and store, poses negligible human, animal and environmental health risks, shows high levels of pathogen control efficacy and does not induce microbial resistance. Further investigations are recommended to explore its use as an industrial biocide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Formula: C10H16N2O4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Formula: C10H16N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preliminary tests of synthetic organic compounds as insecticides. V was written by Bottger, G. T.;Yerington, A. P.. And the article was included in U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Entomol. and Plant Quarantine in 1948.Name: 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide This article mentions the following:

Of 76 compounds tested, the following gave greater than 75% mortality against 1 or more species of insects: N-amyl-p-nitrobenzamide; 3,4-dichlorobenzamide; 3,4-dichloro-N-methylbenzamide; 2 – (diethylamino)ethyl pentachlorophenyl ether; N,N-diisopropyl-p-nitrobenzamide; 1-hydroxyphenazine; 2-chloroethyl p-nitrobenzoate; iso-Bu p-nitrobenzoate; iso-Pr p-nitrobenzoate; 2-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-1-phenylhydrazine; 1,1,1 – trichloro – 2,2 – bis(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(3,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethane; bis(2,4,6-trichloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)methane; 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl) – 6 – nitro – 1,3 – benzodioxane; chloromethyl 4-chlorophenyl sulfone; chloromethyl phenyl sulfone; methyl-4-chlorophenyl sulfone; and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethane. The last 4 compounds were very toxic to 3 or more species. Only 2-(diethylamino)ethyl pentachlorophenyl ether of the 18 compounds listed above caused more than slight foliage damage. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Name: 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Name: 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics