Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Candelario, Kate M.;Shuttleworth, C. William;Cunningham, Lee Anna published 《Neural stem/progenitor cells display a low requirement for oxidative metabolism independent of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha expression》 in 2013. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Neurochemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.Product Details of 329-89-5 The article mentions the following:

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are multipotent cells within the embryonic and adult brain that give rise to both neuronal and glial cell lineages. The maintenance of NSPC multipotency is promoted by low O₂ tension, although the metabolic underpinnings of this trait have not been described. Here, the authors investigated the metabolic state of undifferentiated NSPCs in culture, and tested their relative reliance on oxidative vs. glycolytic metabolism for survival, as well as their dependence on hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression for maintenance of metabolic phenotype. Unlike primary neurons, NSPCs from embryonic and adult mice survived prolonged hypoxia in culture. In addition, NSPCs displayed greater susceptibility to glycolytic inhibition compared with primary neurons, even in the presence of alternative mitochondrial TCA substrates. NSPCs were also more resistant than neurons to mitochondrial CN^– toxicity, less capable of utilizing galactose as an alternative substrate to glucose, and more susceptible to pharmacol. inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway by 6-aminonicotinamide. Inducible deletion of exon 1 of the Hif1a gene improved the ability of NSPCs to utilize pyruvate during glycolytic inhibition, but did not alter other parameters of metabolism, including their ability to withstand prolonged hypoxia. Taken together, these data indicate that NSPCs have a relatively low requirement for oxidative metabolism for their survival and that hypoxic resistance is not dependent upon HIF-1α signaling.6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Product Details of 329-89-5 is an aminopyridine, which is a specific pentose inhibitor and thus inhibits the NADP production.It can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of 6-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with potential application as chemotherapeutic drugs.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Qin, Yeyu;Xie, Jing;Zheng, Ruihe;Li, Yuhang;Wang, Haixia published 《Oleoylethanolamide as a new therapeutic strategy to alleviate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Frontiers in Pharmacology》. They have made some progress in their research.COA of Formula: C17H27NO3 The article mentions the following:

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most common chemotherapeutic anti-cancer drugs. However, its clin. use is restricted by serious cardiotoxicity. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a structural congener of endocannabinoid anandamide, is the endogenous agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor α (PPARα) and transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), and involved in many physiol. processes. The present study aimed to determine whether OEA treatment protects against DOX-induced cytotoxicity (DIC) and gain insights into the underlying mechanism that mediate these effects. Our data revealed that Oleoylethanolamide treatment improved the myocardial structure in DOX-challenged mice by attenuating cardiac oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. OEA also alleviated DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis dysregulation in HL-1 cardiomyocyte. These effects were mediated by activation of TRPV1 and upregulation of PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway. Inhibition of TRPV1 and PI3K reversed the protective effects of OEA. Taken together, our data suggested that OEA protects against DIC through a TRPV1- mediated PI3K/ Akt pathway. To complete the study, the researchers used N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.COA of Formula: C17H27NO3 Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhelev, Zhivko;Ivanova, Donika;Bakalova, Rumiana;Aoki, Ichio;Higashi, Tatsuya published 《Inhibition of the pentose-phosphate pathway selectively sensitizes leukemia lymphocytes to chemotherapeutics by ROS-independent mechanism》. The research results were published in《Anticancer Research》 in 2016.Synthetic Route of C6H7N3O The article conveys some information:

The aim of the present study was to investigate: (i) the possibility of sensitizing leukemia lymphocytes to anticancer drugs by inhibiting pentose-phosphate pathway using 6-aminonicotinamide (6-ANA); (ii) to find combinations with synergistic cytotoxic effect on leukemia lymphocytes and to investigate their cytotoxicity towards normal lymphocytes; (iii) and to clarify the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the induction of apoptosis by those combinations. The study covers 15 anticancer drugs – conventional and new-generation. The experiments were performed on Jurkat leukemia cell line and normal lymphocytes, isolated from clin. healthy blood donors. Four parameters were analyzed simultaneously in both cell suspensions treated by drug or 6-ANA (sep., and in combination): cell viability, induction of apoptosis, level of ROS, and level of protein-carbonyl products. Most combinations of drug plus 6-ANA were characterized by synergistic cytotoxic effects on Jurkat cells. The synergism increased with increasing incubation time. Upon combination of 6-ANA with conventional chemotherapeutic (e.g. doxorubicin), synergistic cytotoxic effects were also detected in normal lymphocytes. In both cell types, the cytotoxicity of the combination of doxorubicin plus 6-ANA was accompanied by increased induction of apoptosis, but by a slight reduction of ROS and protein-carbonyl products compared to cells treated with doxorubicin only. Upon combination of 6-ANA with new-generation anticancer drugs (e.g. everolimus or barasertib), the synergistic cytotoxic effect on leukemia lymphocytes was also accompanied by very strong induction of apoptosis through ROS-independent mechanism(s). Neither of these combinations exhibited any cytotoxicity towards normal lymphocytes. The data suggest that 6-ANA could be used as a supplementary component in anticancer chemotherapy, and would allows therapeutic doses of anticancer drugs to be reduced, thereby minimizing their side-effects. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Synthetic Route of C6H7N3O is an aminopyridine, which is a specific pentose inhibitor and thus inhibits the NADP production.It can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of 6-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with potential application as chemotherapeutic drugs.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of cis-13-Docosenamide《Antioxidant activities and volatile compounds in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) wine produced by incorporating longan seeds》 was published in 2021. The authors were Tandee, Kanokwan;Kittiwachana, Sila;Mahatheeranont, Sugunya, and the article was included in《Food Chemistry》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

The seeds of dried longan, one of the major processed fruits in Thailand, contain several bioactive compounds In this study, we developed longan wine by incorporating its seeds during juice preparation and evaluated the antioxidant activities and volatile compounds in different conditions. The results suggested that Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC-1118 was suitable for fermentation of longan juice supplemented with 50% seed and 20% initial soluble solids at an optimal temperature of 30°C. Different yeast strains showed various extents of antioxidant activities; however, the fermentation temperature and initial soluble solids of longan juice had little effect on the inhibition of reactive species. Antioxidant activities were significantly increased with increasing seed content. Dominant volatile compounds, which were independent of the winemaking conditions, were found to be phenethyl alc., 2,3-butylene glycol, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, Et hydrogen succinate, and 4-hydroxyphenethyl alc. These compounds highly influenced the antioxidant activities of longan wine produced by incorporating the seeds.cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) was employed as: standard in determination of fatty acid amides in polyethylene packaging film by GC/MS;slip agent for polymers to reduce their friction coefficient and to make films easier to handle.Safety of cis-13-Docosenamide

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gorgun, Murat F.;Zhuo, Ming;Englander, Ella W. published 《Cisplatin Toxicity in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Is Relieved by Meclizine via Diminution of Mitochondrial Compromise and Improved Clearance of DNA Damage》 in 2017. The article was appeared in 《Molecular Neurobiology》. They have made some progress in their research.Application of 329-89-5 The article mentions the following:

Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity of peripheral nervous system (PNS) hinders efficacy of cancer treatments. Mechanisms initiating PNS injury by anticancer drugs are incompletely understood delaying development of effective management strategies. To understand events triggered in PNS by cancer drugs, we exposed dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to cisplatin, a drug from platinum-based class of chemotherapeutics frequently implicated in peripheral neuropathies. While cisplatin enters cancer cells and forms cisplatin/DNA crosslinks that block cell proliferation, circulating cisplatin can also reach the PNS and produce crosslinks that impede critical DNA transactions in postmitotic neurons. Cisplatin forms crosslinks with both, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Crosslinks are repairable primarily via the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, which is present in nuclei but absent from mitochondrial compartment. Hence, high mitochondrial content and limited shielding by blood nerve barrier make DRG neurons particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial injury by cisplatin. We report that in DRG neurons, cisplatin elevates reactive oxygen species, depletes mtDNA, and impairs mitochondrial respiration, whereas concomitant meclizine supplementation preserves redox balance, attenuates mitochondrial compromise, and augments DNA repair. Meclizine is an antihistamine drug recently implicated in neuroprotection via modulation of energy metabolism Our data demonstrate that in the mitochondria-rich DRG neurons, meclizine mitigates cisplatin-induced mitochondrial compromise via enhancement of pentose phosphate pathway and repletion of NADP (NADPH) and glutathione stores. The findings suggest that meclizine-mediated preservation of redox balance sustains mitochondrial respiration and supports execution of cellular processes, including timely removal of cisplatin crosslinks from nuclear DNA, thereby attenuating cisplatin toxicity in DRG neurons. Collectively, the findings reveal potential for pharmacol. modulation of dorsal root ganglion neurons metabolism for protection against toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Application of 329-89-5 is an inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme, PGD (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). Studies have also shown that 6-aminonicotinamide induces apoptosis in tumor cells and causes glial cell degeneration.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chiang, Chengyao;Zhang, Min;Wang, Dian;Xiao, Tian;Zhu, Lizhi;Chen, Kai;Huang, Junrong;Huang, Jingying;Zhu, Jiang;Li, Li;Chen, Cheng;Chen, Yangchao;Hu, Hongyi;Jiang, Wenqi;Zou, Yongdong;Wang, Ting;Zheng, Duo published 《Therapeutic potential of targeting MKK3-p38 axis with capsaicin for nasopharyngeal carcinoma》. The research results were published in《Theranostics》 in 2020.Recommanded Product: 2444-46-4 The article conveys some information:

Background: Capsaicin is an active compound found in plants of the Capsicum genus; it has a range of therapeutic benefits, including anti-tumor effects. Here we aimed to delineate the inhibitory effects of capsaicin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The anti-cancer effects of capsaicin were confirmed in NPC cell lines and xenograft mouse models, using CCK-8, clonogenic, wound-healing, transwell migration and invasion assays. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting and pull-down assays were used to determine the effects of capsaicin on the MKK3-p38 axis. Cell proliferation and EMT marker expression were monitored in MKK3 knockdown (KD) or over-expression NPC cell lines treated with or without capsaicin. Finally, immunohistochem. was performed on NPC specimens from NPC patients (n = 132) and the clin. relevance was analyzed. Results: Capsaicin inhibited cell proliferation, mobility and promoted apoptosis in NPC cells. Then we found that capsaicin directly targets p38 for dephosphorylation. As such, MKK3-induced p38 activation was inhibited by capsaicin. Furthermore, we found that capsaicin-induced inhibition of cell motility was mediated by fucokinase. Xenograft models demonstrated the inhibitory effects of capsaicin treatment on NPC tumor growth in vivo, and anal. of clin. NPC samples confirmed that MKK3 phosphorylation was associated with NPC tumor growth and lymphoid node metastasis. Conclusions: The MKK3-p38 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for capsaicin. MKK3 phosphorylation might serve as a biomarker to identify NPC patients most likely to benefit from adjunctive capsaicin treatment. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is a capsaicin analog that has been used to study the effects of capsaicin on energy metabolism and bowel disease.Recommanded Product: 2444-46-4 It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bowel disease, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xie, Dandan;Yang, Zaiping;Hu, Xin;Wen, Yin published 《Synthesis, antibacterial and insecticidal activities of novel capsaicin derivatives containing a sulfonic acid esters moiety》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland)》. They have made some progress in their research.Product Details of 2444-46-4 The article mentions the following:

In order to develop an efficient and broad-spectrum bactericide, a series of novel capsaicin derivatives containing a sulfonic acid esters moiety was synthesized. The structure of these compounds were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrum (HRMS). The results of the bioactivities revealed that some target compounds exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity. Compound 3b exhibited the highest activities against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), and the values were 86, 54, and 92% at 50 μg/mL, resp., which were higher than were for thiodiazole copper (87, 34, and 77%) and bismerthiazol (87, 37 and 75%). Although some compounds also showed certain activity against Spodoptera frugiperda, it was weaker than the pos. controls monosultap and mulfoxaflor. Thus, the bioassay results recommend that these newly designed and synthesized scaffolds should be used as a bactericide lead compound rather than an insecticide lead compound And N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) was used in the research process.

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.Product Details of 2444-46-4 Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Product Details of 2444-46-4In 2021, Fadladdin, Yousef Abdal Jalil published 《Antischistosomal activity of Origanum majorana, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Salvia fruticosa plant extracts on hamster infected with Schistosoma haematobium》. 《BioMed Research International》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

World Health Organization (WHO) has approved only one treatment for schistosomiasis, praziquantel (PZQ), but some poor efficacy was noticed in patients during the early stage of infection. Therefore, researchers have intensified their efforts to research new alternative medicines to treat schistosomiasis. In the present study, in vitro as well as in vivo studies have been accomplished to evaluate the effect of Origanum majorana, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Salvia fruticosa extracts in a different concentration 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/mL on golden hamster infected by Egyptian strains of schistosome (Schistosoma haematobium). In vitro, the adult worms and schistosomula of S. haematobium were investigated in RPMI-1640 medium for 48 h. The results showed that the concentration 500, 250, and 125 μg/mL of Origanum majorana, and Ziziphus spina-christi caused dead of 100% of Egyptian Schistosoma strains of adult worm and schistosomula of S. haematobium within 6 to 12 h of incubation. On the other hand, the extract of Salvia fruticosa at concentrations 500, 250, and 125 μg/mL showed death 100% parasites after 12 to 24 h of incubation. Inclusion, Origanum majorana, and Ziziphus spina-christi showed effectiveness against Egyptian Schistosoma strains (S. haematobium), a slight decrease in Salvia fruticosa was observed Therefore, these medical plant extracts may be used as a safe and effective treatment for schistosomiasis. To complete the study, the researchers used N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.Product Details of 2444-46-4 Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Seo, Eunseok;Lee, Ji Woong;Lee, Dohoon;Seong, Myeong Ryun;Kim, Gwang Hoon;Hwang, Dong Soo;Lee, Sang Joon published 《Eco-friendly erucamide-polydimethylsiloxane coatings for marine anti-biofouling》. The research results were published in《Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces》 in 2021.SDS of cas: 112-84-5 The article conveys some information:

Marine biofouling of ship hulls and ocean structures causes enormous economic losses due to increased frictional drag. Thus, efforts have been exerted worldwide to eliminate biofouling. In addition, a strong demand exists for the development of a cost-effective and eco-friendly anti-biofouling coating technol. Thus, erucamide-polydimethylsiloxane (EP) coating is proposed in this study. EP exhibits a hydrophobic surface as the erucamide content and drag reduction effect increase. In this study, the drag reduction effect of the EP 2.5 is better than that of glass and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. Moreover, the proposed EP coatings are observed to prevent the biofouling induced by bacteria (E. coli) and brown algae (Cladosiphon sp.). In addition, through a marine field test, the anti-biofouling effect of the EP surface is found to be better than the previously studied oleamide-PDMS (OP) surface. In the marine field test, the EP 2.5 demonstrates superior anti-biofouling performance for 5.5 mo under real marine environment. The proposed eco-friendly EP coating method could be applicable to marine vehicles that require effective drag reduction and anti-biofouling properties.cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) was employed as: standard in determination of fatty acid amides in polyethylene packaging film by GC/MS;slip agent for polymers to reduce their friction coefficient and to make films easier to handle.SDS of cas: 112-84-5

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Sujing;Zhou, Jun;Ma, Xuanxuan;Liu, Ying;Ma, Xing;Xia, Chuanhai published 《Ecotoxicity and preliminary risk assessment of nonivamide as a promising marine antifoulant》. The research results were published in《Journal of Chemistry》 in 2016.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The article conveys some information:

The unclear environmental performance of nonivamide limits its application as a marine antifoulant. In this study, the natural degradation of nonivamide was studied in seawater and tap water. The half-life was 5.8 d, 8.8 d, 12.2 d, and 14.7 d in seawater and tap water in photolysis and biolysis, resp. Furthermore, the ecotoxicity of nonivamide was assessed using marine microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Platymonas sp.; EC50,6 d values on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Platymonas sp. were 16.9 mg L^-1 and 19.21 mg L^-1, resp. The toxicity and environmental risk of nonivamide on microalgae were significantly decreased due to the natural degradation in seawater. To complete the study, the researchers used N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.Category: amides-buliding-blocks Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics