Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Mazorra Morales, Luis Miguel;Cosme Silva, Glaucia Michelle;Santana, Diederson Bortolini;Pireda, Saulo F.;Dorighetto Cogo, Antonio Jesus;Heringer, Angelo Schuabb;de Oliveira, Tadeu dos Reis;Reis, Ricardo S.;dos Santos Prado, Luis Alfredo;de Oliveira, Andre Vicente;Silveira, Vanildo;Da Cunha, Maura;Barros, Claudia F.;Facanha, Arnoldo R.;Baldet, Pierre;Bartoli, Carlos G.;da Silva, Marcelo Gomes;Oliveira, Jurandi G. published 《Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with ascorbate synthesis in plants》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France)》. They have made some progress in their research.Product Details of 89-73-6 The article mentions the following:

Mitochondria are the major organelles of energy production; however, active mitochondria can decline their energetic role and show a dysfunctional status. Mitochondrial dysfunction was induced by high non-physiol. level of L-galactone-1,4-lactone (L-GalL), the precursor of ascorbate (AsA), in plant mitochondria. The dysfunction induced by L-GalL was associated with the fault in the mitochondrial electron partition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-production Using mitochondria from RNAi-plant lines harbouring silenced L-galactone-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (L-GalLDH) activity, it was demonstrated that such dysfunction is dependent on this enzyme activity. The capacity of alternative respiration was strongly decreased by L-GalL, probably mediated by redox-inactivation of the alternative oxidase (AOX) enzyme. Although, alternative respiration was shown to be the key factor that helps support AsA synthesis in dysfunctional mitochondria. Experiments with respiratory inhibitors showed that ROS formation and mitochondrial dysfunction were more associated with the decline in the activities of COX (cytochrome oxidase) and particularly AOX than with the lower activities of respiratory complexes I and III. The application of high L-GalL concentrations induced proteomic changes that indicated alterations in proteins related to oxidative stress and energetic status. However, supra-optimal L-GalL concentration was not deleterious for plants. Instead, the L-GalLDH activity could be pos. Indeed, it was found that wild type plants performed better growth than L-GalLDH-RNAi plants in response to high non-physiol. L-GalL concentrations The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) has also been shown to be active against wild-type strains of Candida glabrata, but not against resistant mutants. Product Details of 89-73-6 This drug may have therapeutic potential for bone cancer and metabolic disorders such as obesity.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Category: amides-buliding-blocksIn 2021, Hasan, Mahmudul Md.;Tasmin, Most. Sayla;El-Shehawi, Ahmed M.;Elseehy, Mona M.;Reza, Abu Md.;Haque, Ariful published 《R. vesicarius L. exerts nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress》. 《BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Cisplatin is an outstanding anticancer drug, but its use has been decreased remarkably due to sever nephrotoxicity. R. vesicarius L. is a leafy vegetable that is evident with anti-angeogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective potential. Therefore, this study was designed to inspect its methanol extract (RVE) for possible nephroprotective effect. Primarily, in vitro antioxidant activity of RVE was confirmed based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging aptitude. Thereafter, Swiss Albino male mice were treated with cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg) for 5 successive days to induce nephrotoxicity. Recovery from nephrotoxicity was scrutinized by treating the animals with RVE (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) i.p. (i.p.) for the next 5 consecutive days. After completion of treatment, mice were sacrificed and kidneys were collected. Part of it was homogenized in sodium phosphate buffer for evaluating malondialdehyde (MDA) level, another part was used to evaluate gene (NQO1, p53, and Bcl-2) expression. Moreover, the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) neutralizing capacity of RVE was evaluated in HK-2 cells in vitro. Finally, bioactive phytochems. in RVE were determined using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RVE showed in vitro antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent fashion with 37.39 ± 1.89 μg/mL IC50 value. Treatment with RVE remarkably (p < 0.05) decreased MDA content in kidney tissue. Besides, the expression of NQO, p53, and Bcl-2 genes was significantly (p < 0.05) mitigated in a dose-dependent manner due to the administration of RVE. RVE significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the H2O2 level in HK-2 cells to almost normal. From GC-MS, ten compounds including three known antioxidants “4H-Pyran-4-one, 2, 3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-“, “Hexadecanoic acid”, and “Squalene” were detected. The extract was rich with an alkaloid “13-Docosenamide”. Overall, RVE possesses a protective effect against cisplatin-induced kidney damage. And cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) was used in the research process.

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) is a primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of erucic acid with ammonia.Category: amides-buliding-blocks It is commonly used as a slip additive in the plastic manufacturing industry.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

COA of Formula: C6H7N3O《LEADS-FRAG: A Benchmark Data Set for Assessment of Fragment Docking Performance》 was published in 2020. The authors were Chachulski, Laura;Windshuegel, Bjoern, and the article was included in《Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Fragment-based drug design is a popular approach in drug discovery, which makes use of computational methods such as mol. docking. To assess fragment placement performance of mol. docking programs, we constructed LEADS-FRAG, a benchmark data set containing 93 high-quality protein-fragment complexes that were selected from the Protein Data Bank using a rational and unbiased process. The data set contains fully prepared protein and fragment structures and is publicly available. Moreover, we used LEADS-FRAG for evaluating the small-mol. docking programs AutoDock, AutoDock Vina, FlexX, and GOLD for their fragment docking performance. GOLD in combination with the scoring function ChemPLP and AutoDock Vina performed best and generated near-native conformations (root mean square deviation <1.5 Å) for more than 50% of the data set considering the top-ranked docking pose. Taking into account all docking poses, the tested programs generated near-native conformations for up to 86% of the fragments in LEADS-FRAG. By rescoring all docking poses with the GOLD scoring functions and the Protein-Ligand Informatics force field, the number of near-native conformations increased up to 40% with respect to the top-rescored poses. Our results show that conventional small-mol. docking programs achieve a satisfactory fragment docking performance when utilizing rescoring. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)COA of Formula: C6H7N3O is an aminopyridine, which is a specific pentose inhibitor and thus inhibits the NADP production.It can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of 6-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with potential application as chemotherapeutic drugs.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recommanded Product: 2444-46-4《Exhaled breath condensate methods adapted from human studies using longitudinal metabolomics for predicting early health alterations in dolphins》 was published in 2017. The authors were Borras, Eva;Aksenov, Alexander A.;Baird, Mark;Novick, Brittany;Schivo, Michael;Zamuruyev, Konstantin O.;Pasamontes, Alberto;Parry, Celeste;Foutouhi, Soraya;Venn-Watson, Stephanie;Weimer, Bart C.;Davis, Cristina E., and the article was included in《Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Monitoring health conditions is essential to detect early asymptomatic stages of a disease. To achieve this, blood, urine and breath samples are commonly used as a routine clin. diagnostic. These samples offer the opportunity to detect specific metabolites related to diseases and provide a better understanding of their development. Although blood samples are commonly used routinely to monitor health, the implementation of a relatively noninvasive technique, such as exhaled breath condensate (EBC) anal., may further benefit the well-being of both humans and other animals. EBC anal. can be used to track possible phys. or biochem. alterations caused by common diseases of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), such as infections or inflammatory-mediated processes. The authors used an untargeted metabolomic method with liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry anal. of EBC samples to determine biomarkers related to disease development. Five dolphins under human care were followed up for 1 yr. The authors collected paired blood, phys. examination information, and EBC samples. The authors then statistically correlated this information to predict specific health alterations. Three dolphins provided promising case study information about biomarkers related to cutaneous infections, respiratory infections, dental disease, or hormonal changes (pregnancy). The use of complementary liquid chromatog. platforms, with hydrophilic interaction chromatog. and reverse-phased columns, allowed the authors to detect a wide spectrum of EBC biomarker compounds that could be related to these health alterations. Moreover, these two anal. techniques not only provided complementary metabolite information but in both cases they also provided promising diagnostic information for these health conditions. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is a capsaicin analog that has been used to study the effects of capsaicin on energy metabolism and bowel disease.Recommanded Product: 2444-46-4 It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bowel disease, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hochkogler, Christina M.;Lieder, Barbara;Schachner, Daniel;Heiss, Elke;Schroeter, Annett;Hans, Joachim;Ley, Jakob P.;Krammer, Gerhard E.;Somoza, Veronika published 《Capsaicin and nonivamide similarly modulate outcome measures of mitochondrial energy metabolism in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《Food & Function》. They have made some progress in their research.Safety of N-Vanillylnonanamide The article mentions the following:

Capsaicin, the highly pungent principle of red pepper, has been demonstrated to have anti-obesity properties by affecting energy and lipid metabolism Recent evidence from human intervention trials shows that also less pungent capsaicin analogs, like nonivamide, may help to reduce total body fat, although mechanistic data comparing the effects of capsaicin and nonivamide on outcome measures of energy metabolism are lacking. Here, the tissue-specific effects of capsaicin and nonivamide on parameters of mitochondrial energy metabolism in 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells are investigated. Lipid accumulation was reduced to a similar extent after treatment with both test substances during the maturation of 3T3-L1 cells by up to 6.91% for capsaicin and up to 4.89% for nonivamide (p < 0.01) at a concentration of 0.1μM or 1μM, resp. Energy-producing pathways, as indicated by the reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reduced glucose and fatty acid uptake, were diminished after incubation with both capsaicinoids at a concentration of 100μM. The results from HPLC analyses revealed a reduced cellular energy charge potential after a 4 h treatment with nonivamide. In HepG2 cells, similar effects were demonstrated: the glucose uptake was reduced by 18.7% and 25.8% (p < 0.05), after a 24 h incubation with 100μM capsaicin and nonivamide, resp. In addition, the fatty acid uptake and oxygen consumption were decreased and the energy charge potential was diminished. These findings provide evidence that concentrations of capsaicin and nonivamide between 0.1 and 100μM modulate the mechanisms of cellular energy metabolism to a similar extent, independent of the investigated tissue. And N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) was used in the research process.

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) has antifouling properties.Safety of N-Vanillylnonanamide It acts as an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) inhibitor.N-Vanillylnonanamide has been used for the preparation of spicules.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zinner, Christoph;Holmberg, Hans-Christer;Sperlich, Billy published 《Topical application of cream containing nonivamide and nicoboxil does not enhance the performance of experienced cyclists during a 4-km time-trial》 in 2016. The article was appeared in 《European Journal of Applied Physiology》. They have made some progress in their research.Name: N-Vanillylnonanamide The article mentions the following:

Purpose: Topical application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream to resting legs has been shown to enhance the level of oxygenated Hb in leg muscles 15 min later. Here, we examined whether such application improves the performance of experienced cyclists in a subsequent 4-km time-trial. Methods: Nine male cyclists [26 ± 8 years; 176 ± 9 cm; 73.5 ± 12.8 kg; peak oxygen uptake: 50.7 ± 4.0 mL min^-1 kg^-1 (mean ± SD)] performed three 4-km time-trials on an ergometer with either topical application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream (CREAM) or cream without active components (SHAM) to both their thigh muscles or no application (CONTROL). Results: Only the skin temperature immediately before and after the time-trial was higher with cream than SHAM and CONTROL (best p < 0.001, best d = 1.16). All other parameters evaluated, i.e., the average power output during the time-trial (p > 0.05, best d = 0.08), the tissue saturation index of the m. vastus lateralis (p > 0.05, best d = 0.57), cardiac output, heart rate, oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, and perceived exertion (p > 0.05, best d = 1.1) were similar under all three conditions. Conclusions: Our present findings reveal that topical application of cream containing nonivamide and nicoboxil to the thighs of cyclists prior to a 4-km time-trial does not improve their power output, saturation of the m. vastus lateralis with oxygen, oxygen uptake, heart rate, cardiac parameters, or perceived level of exertion. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.Name: N-Vanillylnonanamide Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Yongkang;Chi, Shuyan;Zhang, Shuang;Dong, Xiaohui;Yang, Qihui;Liu, Hongyu;Tan, Beiping;Xie, Shiwei published 《Evaluation of Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria meal on body composition, lipid metabolism, protein synthesis and muscle metabolites of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)》. The research results were published in《Aquaculture》 in 2022.COA of Formula: C22H43NO The article conveys some information:

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate a new dietary protein Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria meal (BPM) on nutritional profile of Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diet was formulated to contain 25% fish meal and then 15%, 30% and 45% of fish meal protein were replaced with BPM in three exptl. diets, which were labeled FM, BPM15, BPM30, and BPM45, resp. A total of 480 uniform-sized shrimp were equally distributed to four groups with three replicates and fed exptl. diets four times daily for seven weeks. Results showed that dietary BPM had no significant effect on the growth performance of shrimp (P > 0.05) but significantly reduced the crude lipid content of the whole body in shrimp fed the BPM30 diet compared to the FM diet (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol and triglyceride in the hemolymph fell significantly with the increase BPM substitution (P < 0.05). Expression of fas (fatty acid synthetase) significantly decreased with increasing BPM substitution, but the expression of cpt-1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase) significantly increased in shrimp fed BPM30 (P < 0.05). Expression of tor (target of rapamycin) significantly decreased in hepatopancreas, while an opposite change was exhibited in the intestine of shrimp fed BPM45 (P < 0.05). Results of metabolomics indicated that dietary BPM affected the TCA cycle, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and glutathione metabolism in shrimp. In conclusion, BPM is an alternative to FM as a novel protein source for shrimp feed, but the changes in whole body composition, lipolysis and fatty acid synthesis, and protein synthesis and muscle metabolites of L.vannamei are noted.cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) is a primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of erucic acid with ammonia.COA of Formula: C22H43NO It has a role as a human metabolite, a rat metabolite, a mammalian metabolite, a plant metabolite and an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SDS of cas: 89-73-6《Significance of dimeric surfactant on kinetic study of organophosphorus compounds》 was published in 2022. The authors were Lakra, Jyotsna;Tikariha, Deepti;Kumar, Birendra, and the article was included in《International Journal of Chemical Kinetics》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Dimeric surfactants have shown significant role on hydrolysis of organo-phosphorus compounds In this study, we have studied the kinetic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA), p-nitrophenyl benzoate (PNPB), and p-dinitrophenyl di-Ph phosphate (PNPDPP) in presence of novel dimeric surfactants 12-4-12, 2Br- (butanediyl-1,4-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide)), 12-4(OH)-12, 2Br- (2-butanol-1,4-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide)) with conventional nucleophiles, benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) by spectrophotometry at 27°C. Kinetic study on effect of micelles on reaction rates have been investigated and rationalization effects of micelles determination using kinetic model. The exptl. kinetic data were fitted with micellar pseudophase model for determination micellar substrate binding and parameters. The second order rate constant is processed for comparing the reactivities in aqueous and micellar pseudophase. And N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) was used in the research process.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) is a hydroxamic acid that inhibits the activity of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) reductase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of PHBA to benzoic acid. SDS of cas: 89-73-6 The compound has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial functions, leading to cell death.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Luo, Yin;Tang, Haishuang;Zhang, Zhaolong;Zhao, Rui;Wang, Chuanchuan;Hou, Wenguang;Huang, Qinghai;Liu, Jianmin published 《Pharmacological inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor attenuates intracranial aneurysm formation by modulating the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics》. They have made some progress in their research.Name: N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide The article mentions the following:

To study the effect of pharmacol. inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on intracranial aneurysm (IA) initiation. Human IA samples were analyzed for the expression of p-EGFR and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by immunofluorescence (IF). Rat models of IA were established to evaluate the ability of the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, to attenuate the incidence of IA. We analyzed anterior cerebral artery tissues by pathol. and proteomic detection for the expression of p-EGFR and relevant proteins, and vessel casting was used to evaluate the incidence of aneurysms in each group. Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells were extracted and used to establish an in vitro co-culture model in a flow chamber with or without erlotinib treatment. We determined p-EGFR and relevant protein expression in VSMCs by immunoblotting anal. Epidermal growth factor receptor activation was found in human IA vessel walls and rat anterior cerebral artery walls. Treatment with erlotinib markedly attenuated the incidence of IA by inhibiting vascular remodeling and pro-inflammatory transformation of VSMC in rat IA vessel walls. Activation of EGFR in rat VSMCs and phenotypic modulation of rat VSMCs were correlated with the strength of shear stress in vitro, and treatment with erlotinib reduced phenotypic modulation of rat VSMCs. In vitro experiments also revealed that EGFR activation could be induced by TNF-α in human brain VSMCs. These results suggest that EGFR plays a critical role in the initiation of IA and that the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib protects rats from IA initiation by regulating phenotypic modulation of VSMCs. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) can be used:To prepare phenylboronic acid-based bioconjugates for chromatographic applications;As a ligand to synthesize Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes.Name: N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics