Category: amides-buliding-blocks

New and convenient synthesis of acyl isocyanates was written by Speziale, A. J.;Smith, L. R.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1962.Electric Literature of C7H5Cl2NO This article mentions the following:

A new and convenient synthesis of acyl isocyanates (I) which involved the reaction of primary amides with oxalyl chloride (II) was described. A suspension of the amide in C₂H₄Cl₂ was treated with excess II, the mixture refluxed 4-16 h., evaporated, and I isolated by distillation in vacuo. The following I (RCONCO) were thus obtained (R, % yield, b.p./mm. given): ClCH₂, 64, 50-5°/20; Cl₂CH, 68, 135°/35; Cl₃C, 60, 80-5°/20; PhCH₂, 36, 85°/3; 3,4-Cl₂C₆H₃, 97, 105-5°/1.6; Ph, 75, 97-8°/23; Ph₂CH, 37, 136-40°/1.0-1.2. I were readily hydrolyzed on treatment with H₂O. Acyl ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates were formed on reaction with amines, alcs., and mercaptans. Diacyl ureas were isolated in small yield in some cases as side products.. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Electric Literature of C7H5Cl2NO).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Electric Literature of C7H5Cl2NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Solute permeation through hydrogel membranes. Hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic solutes was written by Kim, S. W.;Cardinal, J. R.;Wisniewski, S.;Zentner, G. M.. And the article was included in ACS Symposium Series in 1980.Application In Synthesis of Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate This article mentions the following:

The permeabilities of water soluble nonelectrolytes and several hydrophobic steroids in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel films were determined The effects of crosslinking and variations in equilibrium water content of the films, on the observed permeabilities, were investigated. For hydrophilic solutes the permeation and partition coefficients are consistent with transport via the “bulk-like” water regions of the hydrogel films. Decreases in the “bulk-like” water via copolymerization or crosslinking reduce both the partition and permeation coefficients, indicating exclusion of hydrophilic solutes from non “bulk-like” water regions. For hydrophobic solutes, permeability coefficients are smaller and partition coefficients are much larger relative to the hydrophilic solutes. For the hydrophobic solutes modelistic anal. of the permeation and partition data indicate permeation occurs predominantly be a pore-type mechanism in poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and by a partition mechanism in highly crosslinked poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) films. The porous flux was associated with the “bulk-like” water regions of the hydrogel films and the partition flux with the collective polymer matrix, “interfacial” and “bound” water region of the films. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5Application In Synthesis of Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate).

Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Application In Synthesis of Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Glibenclamide Directly Prevents Neuroinflammation by Targeting SUR1-TRPM4-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation In Microglia was written by He, Yihua;Chang, Yuan;Peng, Yuqin;Zhu, Juan;Liu, Kewei;Chen, Jiancong;Wu, Yongming;Ji, Zhong;Lin, Zhenzhou;Wang, Shengnan;Gupta, Sohan;Zang, Nailiang;Pan, Suyue;Huang, Kaibin. And the article was included in Molecular Neurobiology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S This article mentions the following:

Abstract : Glibenclamide (GLB) reduces brain edema and improves neurol. outcome in animal experiments and preliminary clin. studies. Recent studies also suggested a strong anti-inflammatory effect of GLB, via inhibiting nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. However, it remains unknown whether the anti-inflammatory effect of GLB is independent of its role in preventing brain edema, and how GLB inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome is not fully understood. Sprague-Dawley male rats underwent 10-min asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation or sham-operation. The Trpm4 siRNA and GLB were injected to block sulfonylurea receptor 1-transient receptor potential M4 (SUR1-TRPM4) channel in rats. Western blotting, quant. real-time polymerase chain reaction, behavioral anal., and histol. examination were used to evaluate the role of GLB in preventing NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation through inhibiting SUR1-TRPM4, and corresponding neuroprotective effect. To further explore the underlying mechanism, BV2 cells were subjected to lipopolysaccharides, or oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Here, in rat model of cardiac arrest with brain edema combined with neuroinflammation, GLB significantly alleviated neurocognitive deficit and neuropathol. damage, via the inhibition of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation by blocking SUR1-TRPM4. Of note, the above effects of GLB could be achieved by knockdown of Trpm4. In vitro under circumstance of eliminating distractions from brain edema, SUR1-TRPM4 and NLRP3 inflammasome were also activated in BV2 cells subjected to lipopolysaccharides, or oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, which could be blocked by GLB or 9-phenanthrol, a TRPM4 inhibitor. Importantly, activation of SUR1-TRPM4 in BV2 cells required the P2X7 receptor-mediated Ca²⁺ influx, which in turn magnified the K⁺ efflux via the Na⁺ influx-driven opening of K⁺ channels, leading to the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings suggest that GLB has a direct anti-inflammatory neuroprotective effect independent of its role in preventing brain edema, through inhibition of SUR1-TRPM4 which amplifies K⁺ efflux and promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Establishing an ultrasound-assisted activated peroxide system for efficient and sustainable scouring-bleaching of cotton/spandex fabric was written by Li, Qing;Ni, Lijie;Wang, Jiacheng;Quan, Heng;Zhou, Yuyang. And the article was included in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 2020.Name: N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) This article mentions the following:

This study presents a high-efficient and cost-effective ultrasound-assisted strategy for one-bath one-step scouring and bleaching of cotton/spandex fabric using sodium percarbonate (SPC) and tetraacetylenediamine (TAED) couple. SPC plays both roles of pH regulator and H₂O₂ donor to initiate the peracetic acid (PAA) release from TAED. The significance and interaction effects of operating parameters (TAED concentration, temperature and time) on the WI (Whiteness Index) of fabrics were investigated through a central composite design. The bleaching mechanism was studied by exploring the relationship between WI and PAA and hydroxyl radical (HO·) concentrations The mech. and dyeing performances of treated fabrics were also evaluated. Results show that temperature exerted a significant impact on WI followed by TAED concentration and time. The PAA concentration decreased and HO· concentration increased upon the temperature rise. Both PAA and HO· were significant to upgrade WI and ultrasound was effective in enhancing their bleaching efficiency. The fabric treated only with 15 mmol/L TAED and 10 mmol/L SPC at 40° for 40 min under ultrasound could achieve a WI of 68.6 (43% higher than greige fabric), which was almost equivalent to that of the fabric treated at 60° without ultrasound. This verifies the contribution of ultrasound technol. in reducing bleaching temperature for energy-saving purpose. Moreover, the treated fabric displayed less than 5% tensile strength loss, having a marginal impact on the apparel performance. The wettability of fabric was greatly improved leading to a good dyeing performance. Encouraging results demonstrate the high efficiency of the ultrasound-assisted pre-treatment process of cotton/spandex fabric, which contributes to the sustainable production of textiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Name: N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Name: N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tetrazole thioacetanilides: Potent non-nucleoside inhibitors of WT HIV reverse transcriptase and its K103N mutant was written by Muraglia, Ester;Kinzel, Olaf D.;Laufer, Ralph;Miller, Michael D.;Moyer, Gregory;Munshi, Vandna;Orvieto, Federica;Palumbi, Maria Cecilia;Pescatore, Giovanna;Rowley, Michael;Williams, Peter D.;Summa, Vincenzo. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2006.Computed Properties of C7H10N2O2S This article mentions the following:

A series of aryltetrazolylacetanilides was synthesized and evaluated as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on wild-type virus and on the clin. relevant K103N mutant strain. Extensive SAR investigation led to potent compounds, with nanomolar activity on K103N, and orally bioavailable in rats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4Computed Properties of C7H10N2O2S).

4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)Nâ€?is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cmâˆ?. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Computed Properties of C7H10N2O2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

One-step process for bio-scouring and peracetic acid bleaching of cotton fabric was written by El Shafie, Amira;Fouda, Moustafa M. G.;Hashem, Mohamed. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Polymers in 2009.SDS of cas: 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

In this study, we investigated the utilization of peracetic acid (PAA) formed in situ from reaction of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) with sodium perborate to affecting simultaneous desizing and bleaching whereas cellulase, pectinase and their mixture were utilized to affect bio-scouring. In this regards, two parallel studies were designed, the first were, sep. desizing either with PAA or ammonium persulfate followed by bio-scouring and PAA bleaching in one step. The second sets of experiments were involved one-step process for desizing, bio-scouring and PAA bleaching. Residual starch, fabric wettability, residual wax content retained tensile strength elongation at break and fabric whiteness index were taken as a measure of the extent of cotton desizing, scouring and bleaching. Results obtained show that, cotton fabric bleached with PAA and either cellulase or pectinase enzyme shows excellent wettability and acceptable whiteness index (WI). This indicated that the combination between PAA and either cellulase or pectinase enzyme did not detract from the effectiveness these enzyme towards bio-scouring or the effectiveness of PAA towards low temperature bleaching of cotton fabric. The optimum bleaching recipe consists of utilizing a bath containing 25 g/L, TAED; 15 g/L, sodium perborate; 2 g/L, pectinase and 5 g/L Egyptol (non-ionic wetting agent) and the treatment was carried out at 60 °C for 90 min. Desizing with PAA prior to bio-scouring and bleaching enhances the WI to 73.5 the retained tensile strength remain at 85.5%. One-step process for desizing, bio-scouring and PAA was also feasible, which involved treatment the loomstate cotton fabric with the same recipe. Although, the fabric bleached with one-step process shows lower WI compared with two-step processes, but its wettability was excellent and no detectable residual starch was found. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4SDS of cas: 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.SDS of cas: 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of thiadiazole-derivatives as potent and orally active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α/δ dual agonists was written by Shen, Lan;Zhang, Yan;Wang, Aihua;Sieber-McMaster, Ellen;Chen, Xiaoli;Pelton, Patricia;Xu, June Z.;Yang, Maria;Zhu, Peifang;Zhou, Lubing;Reuman, Michael;Hu, Zhiyong;Russell, Ronald;Gibbs, Alan C.;Ross, Hamish;Demarest, Keith;Murray, William V.;Kuo, Gee-Hong. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2008.Electric Literature of C7H5Cl2NO This article mentions the following:

Replacement of the methyl-thiazole moiety of GW501516 (a PPARδ selective agonist) with [1,2,4]thiadiazole gave compound 21 (I) which unexpectedly displayed submicromolar potency as a partial agonist at PPARα in addition to the high potency at PPARδ. A structure-activity relationships study of 21 resulted in the identification of 40 as a potent and selective PPARα/δ dual agonist. Compound 40 and its close analogs represent a new series of PPARα/δ dual agonists. The high potency, high selectivity, significant gene induction, excellent PK profiles, low P 450 inhibition or induction, and good in vivo efficacy in four animal models support 40 being selected as a pre-clin. study candidate, and may render 40 as a valuable pharmacol. tool in elucidating the complex roles of PPARα/δ dual agonists, and the potential usage for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Electric Literature of C7H5Cl2NO).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)Nâ€?is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cmâˆ?. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Electric Literature of C7H5Cl2NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification and Development of 2,3-Dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazolin-5(1H)-one Inhibitors Targeting Bromodomains within the Switch/Sucrose Nonfermenting Complex was written by Sutherell, Charlotte L.;Tallant, Cynthia;Monteiro, Octovia P.;Yapp, Clarence;Fuchs, Julian E.;Fedorov, Oleg;Siejka, Paulina;Muller, Suzanne;Knapp, Stefan;Brenton, James D.;Brennan, Paul E.;Ley, Steven V.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Recommanded Product: 54166-95-9 This article mentions the following:

Bromodomain containing proteins PB1, SMARCA4, and SMARCA2 are important components of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes. We identified bromodomain inhibitors that target these proteins and display unusual binding modes involving water displacement from the KAc binding site. The best compound (I) binds the fifth bromodomain of PB1 with a K_D of 124 nM, SMARCA2B and SMARCA4 with K_D values of 262 and 417 nM, resp., and displays excellent selectivity over bromodomains other than PB1, SMARCA2, and SMARCA4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9Recommanded Product: 54166-95-9).

6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Recommanded Product: 54166-95-9

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Simple and Practical Conversion of Benzoic Acids to Phenols at Room Temperature was written by Xiong, Wenzhang;Shi, Qiu;Liu, Wenbo H.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Product Details of 1146-43-6 This article mentions the following:

Herein, an efficient and practical approach to prepare phenols from benzoic acids via simple organic reagents at room temperature was reported. This approach was compatible with various functional groups and heterocycles and can be easily scaled up. To demonstrate its synthetic utility, bioactive mols. and unsym. hexaarylbenzenes was prepared by leveraging this transformation as strategic steps. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the key migration step involve a free carbocation instead of a radical intermediate. Considering the abundance of benzoic acids and the utility of phenols, it was anticipated that this method will find broad applications in organic synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6Product Details of 1146-43-6).

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Product Details of 1146-43-6

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

One-Pot Assembly and Synthetic Applications of Geminal Acyl/Alkoxy Tetrasubstituted Allenes was written by Bergstrom, Benjamin D.;Toth-Williams, Garrett;Lo, Anna;Toman, Jeffrey W.;Fettinger, James. C.;Shaw, Jared T.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: 226260-01-1 This article mentions the following:

Polysubstituted allenes are useful synthetic intermediates in many applications, offering structural complexity, modularity, and their axial chirality in further transformations. While acyl and alkoxy-substituted allenes are known, there are currently few examples of allenes containing both functionalities and no reports of geminally substituted acyl/alkoxy allenes being isolated and characterized. Herein, authors report the synthesis of tetrasubstituted allenes featuring a novel geminal acyl/alkoxy substitution. These unique “push-pull” allenes are bench-stable and exhibit interesting reactivity in several applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 226260-01-1Recommanded Product: 226260-01-1).

3-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 226260-01-1) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)Nâ€?is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cmâˆ?. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Recommanded Product: 226260-01-1

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics