Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Source-related smart suspect screening in the aqueous environment: search for tire-derived persistent and mobile trace organic contaminants in surface waters was written by Seiwert, Bettina;Kloeckner, Philipp;Wagner, Stephan;Reemtsma, Thorsten. And the article was included in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry in 2020.Synthetic Route of C13H24N2O This article mentions the following:

A variant of suspect screening by liquid chromatog.-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is proposed in this study: Samples of a potential source of contamination and of an environmental sample close to this source are first analyzed in a non-targeted manner to select source-related suspects and to identify them. The suspect list compiled from such an exercise is then applied to LC-HRMS data of environmental samples to ascribe and to identify persistent and mobile contaminants in the water cycle that may originate from the source under study. This approach was applied to tire crumb rubber (source) and road dust (close to source); by comparison of the two data sets, 88% of the features detected in tire leachate could be excluded. Of the 48 suspects remaining, a total of 41 could be tentatively identified as either related to hexamethoxymethyl melamine or cyclic amines, benzothiazoles, or glycols. Subsequently, environmental samples were searched for these suspects: 85% were determined in an urban creek after a combined sewer overflow and 67% in the influent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). These exceptionally high rates of pos. findings prove that this source-related smart suspect screening effectively directs the effort of selecting and identifying unknown contaminants to those related to the source of interest. The WWTP effluent and the urban creek during dry weather also showed the presence of numerous contaminants that may stem from tire and road wear particles (TRWP) in road runoff. Contribution from other sources, however, cannot be ruled out. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Synthetic Route of C13H24N2O).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Synthetic Route of C13H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cucumis melo var. momordica as a Potent Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Possible Anticovid Alternative: Investigation through Experimental and Computational Methods was written by Yadav, Jagat Pal;Grishina, Maria;Shahbaaz, Mohd;Mukerjee, Alok;Singh, Sunil Kumar;Pathak, Prateek. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2022.Recommanded Product: 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide This article mentions the following:

Diabetes mellitus is a typical life threatening of disease, which generate due to the dysfunction of β cells of pancreas. In 2014, WHO stated that 422 million people were infected with DM. The current pattern of management of diabetes included synthetic or plant based oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin but drug resentence is become a very big issues in antidiabetic therapy. Thus, its very earnest to discover now medication for this disease. Now the days, it is well acknowledged that diabetic patients are more prone towards covid and related complications. Thus, medical practitioners reformed the methodol. of prescribing medication for covid infected antidiabetic therapy and encouraging the medication contains dual pharmacol. properties. It is also well know that polyphenols specifically hold a significant role in oxidative stress and reduced the severity of many inflammatory diseases. Cucumis melo has rich history as ethano-pharmacol. use in Indian subcontinent. The fruit and seed are well-known for the treatment of various diseases due to the presence of phenolics. Therefore, in this study, the combined mixture of flower and seeds were used for the extraction of polyphenolic rich extract and tested for antidiabetic activity through the antioxidant and in vivo experiments The antioxidant potential measurement exhibited that the selected plant extract has the significant competence to down-regulate oxidative stress (DPPH scavenging IC50 at 60.7±1.05 μg/mL, ABTS IC50 at 62.15±0.50 μg/mL). Furthermore, the major polyphenolic phyto-compounds derived from the Cucumis melo were used for in silico anticovid activity, docking, and complementarity studies. The anticovid activity prognosis reflected that selected phyto-compounds amentoflavone and vanillic acid have optimal possibility to interact with 3C-like protease and through this moderate anticovid activity can be exhibit. The docking experiments established that the selected compounds have propensity to interact with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase β-glucuronidase receptor. In vivo experiments showed that 500 mg/kg, Cucumis melo extract ominously amplified body weight, plasma insulin, high-d. lipoprotein levels, and biochem. markers. Furthermore, extract significantly downregulate the blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-d. lipoprotein, and very low-d. lipoprotein. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Recommanded Product: 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Recommanded Product: 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and characterization of liquid molecular brush binder for coating applications was written by Phiri, Mapoloko Mpho;Hadasha, Waled;Pfukwa, Rueben;Klumperman, Bert. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2018.Computed Properties of C13H24N2O This article mentions the following:

This report documents the facile synthesis of mol. brushes, via a grafting onto approach, with potential application as coating binders. Firstly, alternating copolymers of Bu vinyl ether (n-BVE) and maleic anhydride (MAh), i.e. n-BVEMAh, were synthesized via conventional radical polymerization The anhydride reactive handle was subsequently utilized to access mol. brushes, via a grafting onto method, by imidizing the MAh repeat units with amine end-functional poly(ethylene glycol) oligomers, with 12 repeating units (PEG₁₂-NH₂). The product n-BVEMI-PEG₁₂ brushes were viscous liquids at room temperature, hence we termed them liquid mol. brushes (LMBs). The LMBs displayed Newtonian flow behavior at shear rates below 1000 s^-1. We evaluated the applicability of this mol. brush system as coating binder, by grafting varying fractions of linoleamide (Lin) side chains, which has oxidative crosslinking ability, along with the PEG₁₂ onto n-BVEMAh, to access n-BVEMI-PEG₁₂/Lin. The n-BVEMI-PEG₁₂/Lin binders underwent oxidative crosslinking at 50 °C in the presence of a drier. The challenges associated with the current binder system are highlighted. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Computed Properties of C13H24N2O).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Computed Properties of C13H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The protective effect of low-dose methotrexate on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rabbit spinal cord was written by Kertmen, Hayri;Gurer, Bora;Yilmaz, Erdal Resit;Sanli, Ahmet Metin;Sorar, Mehmet;Arikok, Ata Turker;Sargon, Mustafa Fevzi;Kanat, Mehmet Ali;Erguder, Berrin Imge;Sekerci, Zeki. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmacology in 2013.Application of 7413-34-5 This article mentions the following:

Methotrexate was developed as a cytostatic agent, but at low doses, it has shown potent anti-inflammatory activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects of methotrexate are primarily mediated by the release of adenosine. In this study, we hypothesized that low-dose methotrexate has protective effects in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rabbits were randomized into the following four groups of eight animals each: group 1 (control), group 2 (ischemia), group 3 (methylprednisolone) and group 4 (methotrexate). In the control group only a laparotomy was performed. In all the other groups, the spinal cord ischemia model was created by the occlusion of the aorta just caudal to the renal artery. Neurol. evaluation was performed with the Tarlov scoring system. Levels of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and catalase were analyzed, as were the activities of xanthine oxidase and caspase-3. Histopathol. and ultrastructural evaluations were also performed. After ischemia-reperfusion injury, increases were found in the serum and tissue myeloperoxidase levels, tissue malondialdehyde levels, xanthine oxidase activity and caspase-3 activity. In contrast, both serum and tissue catalase levels were decreased. After the administration of a low-dose of methotrexate, decreases were observed in the serum and tissue myeloperoxidase levels, tissue malondialdehyde levels, xanthine oxidase activity and caspase-3 activity. In contrast, both the serum and tissue catalase levels were increased. Furthermore, low-dose methotrexate treatment showed improved results concerning the histopathol. scores, the ultrastructural score and the Tarlov scores. Our results revealed that low-dose methotrexate exhibits meaningful neuroprotective activity following ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5Application of 7413-34-5).

Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Application of 7413-34-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of various acylating agents directly from carboxylic acids was written by Pilathottathil, Fathima;Vineet Kumar, Doppalapudi;Kaliyamoorthy, Alagiri. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2020.Recommanded Product: 192436-83-2 This article mentions the following:

A straightforward synthesis of acylating reagents such as Weinreb and MAP amides from aromatic, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and amino acids using PPh₃/NBS combination was described. A chemoselective modification of the carboxylic acid group into Weinreb amide in the presence of more reactive aldehydes and ketones was presented. All reactions were performed at ambient temperature under air using undried com. grade solvent. Furthermore, the present methodol. could be performed at a gram scale under inert-free reaction conditions. In addition, 7-azaindoline amide auxiliary (used for catalytic asym. aldol- and Mannich-type reactions), which behaves like Weinreb amide is also synthesized under similar reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Recommanded Product: 192436-83-2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Recommanded Product: 192436-83-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An anomalous Houben-Hoesch reaction and some applications in arylation reactions was written by Sanchez-Viesca, F.;Gomez, Maria R.;Berros, Martha. And the article was included in Organic Preparations and Procedures International in 2004.Quality Control of 2,2-Diethoxyacetamide This article mentions the following:

α,α-Dichloro-2,4,5-trimethoxyacetophenone (1a), prepared via a Houben-Hoesch reaction between 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene and dichloroacetonitrile, was very unreactive, failing to react with NaOAc, methoxide and ethoxide. Attempted preparation of α,α-diethoxy-2,4,5-trimethoxyacetophenone by Houben-Hoesch reaction of 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene with diethoxyacetonitrile gave tris(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methane instead. Reaction of 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene with diethoxyacetonitrile under Houben-Hoesch conditions gave 2,2-bis(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acetamide. 2,2-Dichloro-1-methoxy-1-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (preparation described) could be arylated by 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene and 2,4-dimethoxychlorobenzene to give 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethane and 2,2-dichloro-1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethane. Reactions of 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene with RCH₂CN (R = EtO, MeO) under Houben-Hoesch conditions gave 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenacyl chloride (unexpectedly) and α-methoxy-2,4,5-trimethoxyacetophenone, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Diethoxyacetamide (cas: 61189-99-9Quality Control of 2,2-Diethoxyacetamide).

2,2-Diethoxyacetamide (cas: 61189-99-9) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Quality Control of 2,2-Diethoxyacetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New and regioselective synthesis of 4-ylidenetetronic acids by Lewis-acid-catalyzed cyclization of 4-alkoxy-bis-(trimethylsiloxy)-1,3-dienes with oxalyl chloride was written by Langer, Peter;Eckardt, Tobias. And the article was included in Synlett in 2000.Recommanded Product: 106675-70-1 This article mentions the following:

A new approach for the synthesis of 4-ylidenetetronic acids is reported which involves Me₃SiO₃SCF₃-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective cyclization of 4-alkoxy bis(trimethylsiloxy) 1,3-dienes with oxalyl chloride and subsequent chemoselective deprotection of the 3-OH group. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1Recommanded Product: 106675-70-1).

N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Recommanded Product: 106675-70-1

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Are Unsaturated Isocyanides so Different from the Corresponding Nitriles? was written by Chrostowska, Anna;Matrane, Abdellatif;Maki, Daisuke;Khayar, Said;Ushiki, Hideharu;Graciaa, Alain;Belachemi, Larbi;Guillemin, Jean-Claude. And the article was included in ChemPhysChem in 2012.Synthetic Route of C4H7NO This article mentions the following:

Simple unsaturated and cyclopropylic isocyanides are synthesized by an efficient and simple approach. These compounds with gradually increasing distance between the unsaturated moiety and the isonitrile group are studied by UPS and quantum chem. calculations, and also compared to the corresponding nitriles. The first photoelectron band of the unsaturated compounds is linked to removal of an electron from the HOMO, which corresponds to CC multiple-bond ionization in antibonding interaction with the π-isocyanide bond (in the same plane) for conjugated systems, or in antibonding interaction with the pseudo-π-CH₂ group for isolated systems. For the 1-ethenyl derivatives, both cyano and isocyano groups act as a π-electron acceptor from the vinyl group, but the isocyano π system is much more strongly destabilized (ionization energies (IEs) shift to smaller values) by vinyl (3.12 eV) than the cyano π system is (2.70 eV). In comparison with the 1-ethynyl derivatives, a less pronounced destabilization (2.69 eV) of π_NC by the ethynyl system (1.86 eV for π_CN), and nearly the same order of magnitude of the energetic gap between the total antibonding (π_CC-π_NC) and the total bonding (π_CC+π_NC) IEs for ethenyl and ethynyl compounds are noted. The huge values of these last-named data for H₂C-CH-NC (3.85 eV) and for HCC-NC (4.04 eV) reflect the strong interaction between the unsaturated carbon-carbon moiety and the isocyanide group, and thus more efficient conjugation than for the corresponding nitriles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Cyclopropylformamide (cas: 58644-54-5Synthetic Route of C4H7NO).

N-Cyclopropylformamide (cas: 58644-54-5) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Synthetic Route of C4H7NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury: current diagnostic ability and future challenges of the digestive disease week-Japan 2004 scale 15 years after its proposal was written by Watanabe, Masaaki;Shibuya, Akitaka;Yokomori, Hiroaki;Koizumi, Wasaburo. And the article was included in Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) in 2021.Product Details of 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

This study examined whether or not the Digestive Disease Week-Japan (DDW-J) 2004 scale proposed over 15 years ago can be applied to current cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The new patients group included 125 patients from 2012 to 2019 and was divided into 2 subgroups: 96 patients in the new DILI group and 29 patients in the new non-DILI group. Similarly, the old patients group included 105 patients from 1997 to 2002 and was divided into 2 subgroups: 59 patients in the old DILI group and 46 patients in the old non-DILI group. Patients were assessed by the DDW-J 2004 scale; those with a score ≥3 were defined as having DILI. The total score of the new DILI group was significantly lower than that of the old DILI group [6 (1-11) vs. 6 (3-9), p = 0.004]. The sensitivity, specificity, pos. predictive value, and neg. predictive value (NPV) were 94.8%, 65.6%, 90.1%, and 79.2%, resp., in the new patients group and 100%, 91.4%, 93.7%, and 100%, resp., in the old patients group. The specificity and NPV of the new patients group were significantly lower than those of the old patients group. The DDW-J 2004 scale maintains a stable diagnostic ability for DILI, regardless of differences in eras and verification methods. However, differential diagnoses can affect the scoring, and new types of DILI, such as immune-related adverse events, must be addressed. Therefore, upgrading the scale should be considered. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Product Details of 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Product Details of 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organophotocatalytic N-O Bond Cleavage of Weinreb Amides: Mechanism-Guided Evolution of a PET to ConPET Platform was written by Soika, Julia;McLaughlin, Calum;Nevesely, Tomas;Daniliuc, Constantin G.;Molloy, John. J.;Gilmour, Ryan. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Application of 116332-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Mechanistically guided reaction development demonstrates the involvement of a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism, and this has been further advanced to a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) manifold and this has significantly expanded the scope of compatible substrates RC(O)N(CH₃)OCH₃ (R = 4-cyanomethyl, pyrazin-2-yl, penta-1,3-dien-1-yl, etc.). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7Application of 116332-61-7).

N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Application of 116332-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics