Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Solid lipid nanoparticles based on L-cysteine for progesterone intravaginal delivery was written by Cassano, Roberta;Trombino, Sonia. And the article was included in International Journal of Polymer Science in 2019.Application of 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

The present work has as its purpose the synthesis and characterization of a novel lipid material to be used in the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for the potential sustained release of progesterone in the vagina. For this reason, a material capable of ensuring the permanence of the formulation in the administration site for the time needed to guarantee the transmucosal absorption of the steroid was synthesized in order to reduce the number of administrations and to ensure an effective concentration of drug at the site of action. To this end, an ester, 2,3-dihydroxypropanoate of octadecyl (stearyl glycerin), containing two hydroxyl groups was initially synthesized. In particular, the hydroxyl group less sterically encumbered was functionalized with a thiol group, in a coupling reaction, with the amino acid L-cysteine. The obtained compound was characterized by FT-IR spectrometry and ¹H-NMR. The functionalized lipid with L-cysteine was then used for the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles that were loaded with progesterone. Finally, the release of progesterone from the lipid matrix based on newly synthesized ester, under conditions that simulate the vaginal physiol. environment, was evaluated. All the obtained results suggest that the prepared nanoparticles could be used for the administration of progesterone, when its integration is essential, for example, in cases of threats of abortion or to increase fertility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Application of 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Application of 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of pretreated acetic anhydride and reaction conditions on the black by-product in synthesis of tetraacetylethylenediamine was written by Mo, Zai-yong;Liang, Chun-jie;Liu, Ning;Wu, Dan-yun. And the article was included in Yinran Zhuji in 2011.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Tetraacetylethylenediamine was synthesized using diacetylethylenediamine (DAED) with the untreated or pretreated acetic anhydride. The effect of reaction temperature, time and the molar ratio of acetic anhydride to DAED on the absorbency of product were investigated. The results showed that reaction temperature and time had obvious effect on the generation of black byproduct, but the effect of materials ratio was little. Under the condition of temperature 130°C, 6:1 of molar ratio of acetic anhydride to DAED, over 360 min of reaction time, the absorbency of product synthesized by pretreated acetic anhydride, which was pretreated by sulfur trioxide, was less than one fifth of the un-pretreated. Pretreating acetic anhydride was a good method to evidently depress the black byproduct. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Microchemical differentiation of some diethylamides used in pharmacy was written by Sandri, G. Cavicchi. And the article was included in Farmaco, Edizione Pratica in 1959.Safety of N,N-Diethylsalicylamide This article mentions the following:

Microphotographs are given of the crystals formed by nicotine diethylamide, phthaloyl bis(diethylamide), and 3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid diethylamide with Ni(SCN)₂, Mn(SCN)₂, Co(SCN)₂, Cd(SCN)₂, HBiBr₄, and Reinecke acid. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Safety of N,N-Diethylsalicylamide).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Safety of N,N-Diethylsalicylamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of Novel Cell Lines for High-Throughput Screening to Detect Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha Modulators was written by Teng, Christina T.;Hsieh, Jui-Hua;Zhao, Jinghua;Huang, Ruili;Xia, Menghang;Martin, Negin;Gao, Xiaohua;Dixon, Darlene;Auerbach, Scott S.;Witt, Kristine L.;Merrick, B. Alex. And the article was included in SLAS Discovery in 2017.Safety of 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid This article mentions the following:

Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), the first orphan nuclear receptor discovered, is crucial for the control of cellular energy metabolism ERRα and its coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), are required for rapid energy production in response to environmental challenges. They have been implicated in the etiol. of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. ERRα also plays a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Identification of compounds that modulate ERRα signaling may elucidate environmental factors associated with these diseases. Therefore, we developed stable cell lines containing an intact ERRα signaling pathway, with and without the coactivator PGC-1α, to use as high-throughput screening tools to detect ERRα modulators. The lentiviral PGC-1α expression constructs and ERRα multiple hormone response element (MHRE) reporters were introduced into HEK293T cells that express endogenous ERRα. A cell line expressing the reporter alone was designated “ERR.” A second cell line expressing both reporter and PGC-1α was named “PGC/ERR.” Initial screenings of the Library of Pharmacol. Active Compounds (LOPAC) identified 33 ERR and 22 PGC/ERR agonists, and 54 ERR and 15 PGC/ERR antagonists. Several potent ERRα agonists were dietary plant compounds (e.g., genistein). In conclusion, these cell lines are suitable for high-throughput screens to identify environmental chems. affecting metabolic pathways and breast cancer progression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Safety of 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Safety of 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mouse precision-cut liver slices as an ex vivo model to study drug-induced cholestasis was written by Karsten, R. E. H.;Krijnen, N. J. W.;Maho, W.;Permentier, H.;Verpoorte, E.;Olinga, P.. And the article was included in Archives of Toxicology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Drugs are often withdrawn from the market due to the manifestation of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients. Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC), defined as obstruction of hepatic bile flow due to medication, is one form of DILI. Because DILI is idiosyncratic, and the resulting cholestasis complex, there is no suitable in vitro model for early DIC detection during drug development. Our goal was to develop a mouse precision-cut liver slice (mPCLS) model to study DIC and to assess cholestasis development using conventional mol. biol. and anal. chem. methods. Cholestasis was induced in mPCLS through a 48-h-incubation with three drugs known to induce cholestasis in humans, namely chlorpromazine (15, 20, and 30μM), cyclosporin A (1, 3, and 6μM) or glibenclamide (25, 50, and 65μM). A bile-acid mixture (16μM) that is physiol. representative of the human bile-acid pool was added to the incubation medium with drug, and results were compared to incubations with no added bile acids. Treatment of PCLS with cholestatic drugs increased the intracellular bile-acid concentration of deoxycholic acid and modulated bile-transporter genes. Chlorpromazine led to the most pronounced cholestasis in 48 h, observed as increased toxicity; decreased protein and gene expression of the bile salt export pump; increased gene expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4; and accumulation of intracellular bile acids. Moreover, chlorpromazine-induced cholestasis exhibited some transition into fibrosis, evidenced by increased gene expression of collagen 1A1 and heatshock protein 47. In conclusion, we demonstrate that mPCLS can be used to study human DIC onset and progression in a 48 h period. We thus propose this model is suited for other similar studies of human DIC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Enamines as Surrogates of Alkyl Carbanions for the Direct Conversion of Secondary Amides to α-Branched Ketones was written by Liu, Yong-Peng;Wang, Shu-Ren;Chen, Ting-Ting;Yu, Cun-Cun;Wang, Ai-E.;Huang, Pei-Qiang. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2019.Related Products of 13255-50-0 This article mentions the following:

A direct transformation of secondary amides into α-branched ketones with enamines as soft alkylation reagents was developed. In this reaction, enamines serve as surrogates of alkyl carbanions, rather than the conventional enolates equivalent in the Stork’s reactions, which allowed for the easy introduction of alkyl groups with electrophilic functional groups. In the presence of 4 Å mol. sieves, the method can be extended to the one-pot coupling of secondary amides with aldehydes to yield ketones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0Related Products of 13255-50-0).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Related Products of 13255-50-0

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in peritoneal metastasis: inhibition in the migration of M2 macrophages and mast cells by Tranilast was written by Nakamura, Yusuke;Kinoshita, Jun;Yamaguchi, Takahisa;Aoki, Tatsuya;Saito, Hiroto;Hamabe-Horiike, Toshihide;Harada, Shinichi;Nomura, Sachiyo;Inaki, Noriyuki;Fushida, Sachio. And the article was included in Gastric Cancer in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

The role of tumor-stroma interactions in tumor immune microenvironment (TME) is attracting attention. We have previously reported that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to the progression of peritoneal metastasis (PM) in gastric cancer (GC), and M2 macrophages and mast cells also contribute to TME of PM. To elucidate the role of CAFs in TME, we established an immunocompetent mouse PM model with fibrosis, which reflects clin. features of TME. However, the involvement of CAFs in the immunosuppressive microenvironment remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of Tranilast at modifying this immune tolerance by suppressing CAFs. The interaction between mouse myofibroblast cell line LmcMF and mouse GC cell line YTN16 on M2 macrophage migration was investigated, and the inhibitory effect of Tranilast was examined in vitro. Using C57BL/6J mouse PM model established using YTN16 with co-inoculation of LmcMF, TME of resected PM treated with or without Tranilast was analyzed by immunohistochem. The addition of YTN16 cell-conditioned medium to LmcMF cells enhanced CXCL12 expression and stimulated M2 macrophage migration, whereas Tranilast inhibited the migration ability of M2 macrophages by suppressing CXCL12 secretion from LmcMF. In PM model, Tranilast inhibited tumor growth and fibrosis, M2 macrophage, and mast cell infiltration and significantly promoted CD8 + lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor, leading to apoptosis of cancer cells by an immune response. Tranilast improved the immunosuppressive microenvironment by inhibiting CAF function in a mouse PM model. Tranilast is thus a promising candidate for the treatment of PM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8HPLC of Formula: 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.HPLC of Formula: 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Screening of commonly prescribed drugs for effects on the CAT1-mediated transport of L-arginine and arginine derivatives was written by Banjarnahor, Sofna;Koenig, Joerg;Maas, Renke. And the article was included in Amino Acids in 2022.Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S This article mentions the following:

The cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1/SLC7A1) plays a key role in the cellular uptake or export of L-arginine and some of its derivatives This study investigated the effect of 113 chem. diverse and commonly used drugs (at 20 and 200μM) on the CAT1-mediated cellular uptake of L-arginine, L-homoarginine, and asym. dimethylarginine (ADMA). Twenty-three (20%) of the tested substances showed weak inhibitory or stimulatory effects, but only verapamil showed consistent inhibitory effects on CAT1-mediated transport of all tested substrates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of trans-5-propyl-2-(4′-bromine-phenyl)-tetrahydropyran was written by Gao, Feng-qin;He, Han-jiang;Guo, Qiang;Wang, Xiao-ming;Li, Peng;Zhang, Yan-jun. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong in 2012.Computed Properties of C9H10BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

The starting material of 4-bromobenzene carboxylic acid was acylated to generate acyl chloride. Then, acyl chloride reacted with N,O-di-Me hydroxylamine hydrochloride to synthesize the amides, which then reacted with chlorovinylmagnesium to synthesize α, β unsaturated ketone. Meanwhile, allyl amine was synthesized from the reaction of pentanal with di-n-propylamine. By Michael addition reaction, α, β unsaturated ketone and allyl amine reacted to synthesize intramol. aldehyde and ketone, which further reacted to synthesize trans-5-propyl-2-(4′-bromine-phenyl)-tetrahydropyran (3PyPBr) with a purity of more than 99.5% by closed loop reaction and recrystallization with ethanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Computed Properties of C9H10BrNO2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Computed Properties of C9H10BrNO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of 2-Benzylphenyl Ketones by Aryne Insertion into Unactivated C-C Bonds was written by Rao, Bin;Tang, Jinghua;Zeng, Xiaoming. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.Related Products of 192436-83-2 This article mentions the following:

A transition-metal-free procedure to access functionalized 2-benzylphenyl ketones is described by direct insertion of arynes into benzylic C-C bonds. This reaction was promoted by cesium fluoride at room temperature, allowing the products to form in high selectivity and achieve good functional group tolerance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Related Products of 192436-83-2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Related Products of 192436-83-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics