Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Antimicrobial efficacy of hygiene rinsers under consumer-related conditions was written by Lucassen, Ralf;Merettig, Nadine;Bockmuehl, Dirk P.. And the article was included in Tenside, Surfactants, Detergents in 2013.Safety of N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) This article mentions the following:

In domestic laundry, the question how to achieve a sufficient germ reduction gains importance since the trend towards lower washing temperatures and the incremental use of bleach-free liquid detergents does not ensure a sufficient hygiene by the means of temperature and bleach any longer. Hygiene rinsers as products being added to the rinse cycle offer further antimicrobial efficacy and seem to provide an adequate solution for this challenge. However, their regular application is debated due to the used ingredients and it is still unclear whether they are able to exhibit an addnl. antimicrobial efficacy. This study investigates the germ reduction by a supplementary use of hygiene rinsers under conditions that are close to the parameters found in the household to evaluate the benefit of these products for the hygienic reconditioning of laundry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Safety of N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Safety of N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel vanillic acid hybrid derivatives was written by Satpute, Maruti S.;Gangan, Vijay D.;Shastri, Indu. And the article was included in Rasayan Journal of Chemistry in 2019.Electric Literature of C13H24N2O This article mentions the following:

Novel ester / hybrid derivatives of vanillic acid were synthesized and tested for potential antibacterial activity. This combinatorial synthesis of novel vanillic ester / hybrid derivatives was useful approach to generate potent chemotherapeutic agents in developing new drug candidates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Electric Literature of C13H24N2O).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Electric Literature of C13H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nitrogen-Doped Porous Molybdenum Carbide and Phosphide Hybrids on a Carbon Matrix as Highly Effective Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction was written by Huang, Yichao;Ge, Jingxuan;Hu, Jun;Zhang, Jiangwei;Hao, Jian;Wei, Yongge. And the article was included in Advanced Energy Materials in 2018.Application of 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

The efficient evolution of hydrogen through electrocatalysis is considered a promising approach to the production of clean hydrogen fuel. Platinum (Pt)-based materials are regarded as the most active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. However, the low abundance and high cost of Pt hinders the large-scale application of these catalysts. Active, inexpensive, and earth-abundant electrocatalysts to replace Pt-based materials would be highly beneficial to the production of cost-effective hydrogen energy. Herein, a novel organoimido-derivatized heteropolyoxometalate, Mo4-CNP, is designed as a precursor for electrocatalysts of the HER. It is demonstrated that the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources derived from the Mo4-CNP mols. lead to in situ confined carburization, phosphorization, and chem. doping on an at. scale, thus forming nitrogen-doped porous molybdenum carbide and phosphide hybrids, which exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic activity for the HER. Such an organically functionalized polyoxometalate-assisted strategy described here provides a new perspective for the development of highly active non-noble metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Application of 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Application of 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bromination of compounds containing two aromatic nuclei. XVII. Bromination of some arylamides of 2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acid (m-cresotic acid) was written by Patakoot, V. R.;Jadhav, G. V.. And the article was included in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 1956.Related Products of 49667-22-3 This article mentions the following:

The effect of a basic group, like arylamino, on the bromination in a group of arylamides (I) of 4,2-Me(HO)C₆H₃CO₂H is reported. When mono-Br derivatives were formed, Br entered the acidic part; when a di-Br derivative was formed, Br entered the basic part also except in the cases of the m- and p-nitroanilides, where it entered the acidic part only. With liquid Br, higher Br derivatives, with Br in both nuclei, were obtained. The constitution of the Br derivatives was determined by hydrolyzing them with alkali or 80% H₂SO₄ and identifying the basic and acidic components. Bromination in AcOH was carried out in boiling solution in the same way as that of the arylamides (II) of 3,2-Me(HO)C₆H₃CO₂H (loc. cit.) except in the cases of the anilide, o-nitroanilide, and p-anisidide, where the addition was made at 70-80°. The following compounds were prepared by this method (I used, cc. AcOH, cc. Br solution, Br compound formed, crystallization solvent, crystalline form, m.p. given) [in this abstract, Z = 4,2-Me(HO)C₆H₃CONH]: ZPh (III), 30, 3.0, 5-Br, dilute EtOH, white needles, 211-12°; ZC₆H₄-Me-2 (IV), 30, 2.6, 5-Br, dilute EtOH, white needles, 158-9°; III, 30, 6.0, 5-Br, dilute EtOH, white plates, 198-9°; ZC₆H₄Me-3 (V), 40, 5.2, 4′,5-Br₂, dilute EtOH, white needles, 232-3°; ZC₆H₄Me-4 (VI), 30, 5.2, 5-Br, dilute EtOH, white needles, 245-6°; VI, 30, 10.4, 2′,3,5-Br₃, dilute EtOH, white needles, 194-5°; ZC₆H₄NO₂-2 (VII), 50, 3.0, 5-Br, dilute EtOH, yellow needles, 173-4°; ZC₆H₄NO₂-3 (VIII), 80, 3.0, 5-Br, dilute EtOH, white needles, 244-5°; ZC₆H₄NO₂-4 (IX), 140, 5.0, 3,5-Br₂, AcOH, brown needles, 241-2°; ZC₆H₄OMe-2, 30, 8.0, 3,5,5′-Br₃, AcOH, white needles, 208-9°; ZC₆H₄OMe-4 (X), 30, 2.5, 5-Br, dilute EtOH, white needles, 201-2°; X, 30, 5.0, 3′,5-Br₂, dilute EtOH, white needles, 159-60°; ZC₆H₄OEt-4, 25, 2.5, 5-Br, dilute AcOH, white needles, 194-5°; ZC₁₀H₇-2 (XI) (C₁₀H₇ = naphthyl), 80, 5.0, 1′,5-Br₂, dilute AcOH, white needles, 229-30°. Bromination with liquid Br was carried out at room temperature in the same way as with II, except with the o-nitroanilide and p-anisidide, where the mixture was boiled 4 hrs. on a boiling water bath and then left at room temperature The following compounds were prepared in this manner (I used, cc. Br, Br derivative formed, crystallization solvent, crystalline form, m.p. given) III, 3, 2′,3,4′,5-Br₄, AcOH, white needles, 215-16°; IV, 3, 3,4′,5-Br₃, AcOH, white needles, 210-11°; V, 3, 3,4′,5,6′. Br₄, AcOH, white needles, 186-7°; VII, 3, 2′,3,4′,5-Br₄, AcOH, yellow plates, 192-3°; VIII, 3, 3,5-Br₂, dilute AcOH, white needles, 250-1°; IX, 3, 2′,3,4′,5-Br₄, AcOH, dark brown needles, 226-7°; X, 3, 3,3′,5,6′-Br₄, AcOH, white needles, 231-2°; XI, 3, 1′,3,5,6′-Br₄, AcOH, white needles, 265-6°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzamide (cas: 49667-22-3Related Products of 49667-22-3).

2-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzamide (cas: 49667-22-3) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Related Products of 49667-22-3

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application of activation oxidation system in cleaning of dyed cotton fabric was written by Luo, Deng-hong;Zheng, Qing-kang;Liu, Qing-shu;Pu, Zong-yao. And the article was included in Yinran Zhuji in 2010.HPLC of Formula: 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

Activation oxidation system was applied in cleaning procedure of cotton fabric dyed with K type reactive dye. The effects of additives and rinsing condition on decolorization rate of rinsing liquor and cleaning result of dyed fabric were investigated. The results indicated that the color removal rate could reach 58.92% through the application of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED)/H₂O₂ activation oxidation system in Reactive Red K-2G. Combination of MgCl₂, (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ and TAED/H₂O₂ had a synergistic effect on the decolorization, which could increase the decolorization rate of Reactive Red K-2G to 91.43%. When the composite oxidation system was applied to the soaping process of cotton fabric, the K/S values and the color differences of the rinsed fabric changed little compared with that of normal rinsed fabric. And the color fastness slightly increased, the color removal rate of rinsing liquor could reach a high level. Besides, oxidation cleaning could decrease the COD_Cr of rinsing effluent by 40%, which was helpful for alleviating the load of wastewater treatment and lowering the total cost of production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4HPLC of Formula: 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.HPLC of Formula: 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mechanism of plasticization of crystalline polymers was written by Nizhnik, V. V.. And the article was included in Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrains’koi RSR in 1984.Safety of N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

Changes in the dimensions of amorphous regions, physicomech. properties, and glass transition and melting temperatures of crystallizing polymers induced by plasticization were analyzed, and a mechanism of structural and mol. plasticization was proposed. The structural plasticization is associated with adsorption of low-mol.-weight plasticizer during crystallization of the polymer and results in lubrication of supermol. structures. It is confined to a narrow range of plasticizer concentration The mol. plasticization is associated with properties of a solution forming in amorphous regions of the polymer. It increases mobility of polymer chains in these regions and covers a wide range of plasticizer concentration In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5Safety of N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide).

N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Safety of N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Determination of primary and secondary aliphatic amines in the environment as sulfonamide derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was written by Terashi, Akiko;Hanada, Yoshifumi;Kido, Azuma;Shinohara, Ryota. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography in 1990.COA of Formula: C9H13NO2S This article mentions the following:

A gas chromatog.-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method for the determination of primary and secondary aliphatic amines in water and sediment was developed. A standard solution of amines was added to river water, seawater, or sea sediment, and distilled under alk. conditions. The distillate was reacted with benzesulfonyl chloride to form the corresponding sulfonamides. After extracting the derivatives into CH₂Cl₂, the organic layer was concentrated to a definite volume The determination was carried out by GC-MS with selected-ion monitoring. The detection limits of amines in water and sediment were 0.02-2 μg/L and 0.5-50 μg/kg, resp. The recoveries were 68.4-98.8%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5COA of Formula: C9H13NO2S).

N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.COA of Formula: C9H13NO2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stereoselective sulfoxide directed reduction of 1,2-diketo-derivatives to enantiomerically pure syn and anti 1,2-diols was written by Solladie, Guy;Hanquet, Gilles;Rolland, Catherine. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1997.Synthetic Route of C6H12N2O4 This article mentions the following:

A new route to enantiopure syn and anti 1,2-diols is described from oxalyl-di-(N-methyl-N-methoxyamide) via corresponding β-ketosulfoxide. This is the first report of the stereoselective reduction of a γ-keto-β-hydroxysulfoxide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1Synthetic Route of C6H12N2O4).

N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Synthetic Route of C6H12N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

N-(β-Picolyl)glycine, N-(β-picolyl)-β-aminopropionic acid, and methyl derivatives was written by Wingfield, Harvey N. Jr.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1960.Safety of N,N-Diethylsalicylamide This article mentions the following:

The title compounds, 2-C₅H₄NCH₂NHCH₂CO₂H (I), and 2-C₅H₄NCH₂NH(CH₂)₂CO₂H (II) and the corresponding N-Me derivatives, 2-C₅H₄NNMeCH₂CO₂H (III) and 2-C₅H₄NCH₂NMe(CH₂)₂CO₂H (IV), were synthesized for comparison with the metabolic products of nicotine found in dog urine after administration of the alkaloid. H₂NCH₂CO₂Et. HCl (0.1 mole) in a min. of H₂O treated with 0.1 mole NaHCO₃, the mixture diluted with alc., the filtered solution treated with 0.1 mole 2-C₅H₄NCHO, the mixture hydrogenated with 100 mg. Pd-C (Raney Ni gave better results), the filtered solution evaporated in vacuo, the residue washed with H₂O, taken up in Me₂CO, filtered, the solution evaporated, the residue taken up in CHCl₃, the filtered solution evaporated, the oily yellow ester (V) (50-60%) from several batches refluxed 48 hrs. with 15% H₂SO₄, the hydrolyzate boiled with activated C, filtered, the acid solution made alk. with BaCO₃, the filtered solution saturated with CO₂, the boiled solution filtered, treated with a trace of CaSO₄, excess Cd precipitated with H₂S, the filtered solution evaporated in vacuo, the acid residue taken up in a min. of H₂O, and repeatedly precipitated from H₂O with alc.-Me₂CO gave I, m. 209-10° (decomposition); thiohydantoin derivative m. 176-7° (decomposition), prepared from azobenzene isothiocyanate according to Ramachandran and McConnell (CA 50, 13879h). V (0.2 mole) and 100 ml. HCHO hydrogenated 3 hrs. with 70-5 mg. Raney Ni at 45 lb./sq. in. gage, the filtered solution concentrated in vacuo, the residue refluxed several days with 15% H₂SO₄, and the decolorized (C) hydrolyzate worked up as for I yielded quant. III, m. 175-6°; chloroplatinate m. 217° (decomposition) (alc.-H₂O). H₂C:CHCN (0.47 mole) added dropwise at 0° to 0.5 mole 2-C₅H₄NNH₂, the mixture kept several days at 20° with occasional shaking, fractionated, and the fraction (30%, b. 165-70°) refluxed 20 hrs. with 15% H₂SO₄ gave on working up 10-12% amorphous II, m. 270° (decomposition); chloroplatinate m. above 250° (decomposition) (alc.-H₂O); thioureide m. 174-6° (decomposition). H₂C:CHCN (0.4 mole) added slowly with stirring to 0.2 mole 2-C₅H₄NCH₂NH₂ containing 4-5 pellets KOH, the mixture kept 2 days at 20°, refluxed several days on a steam bath, filtered, the C₆H₆ evaporated, and the residue distilled in vacuo gave 2-C₅H₄NCH₂NMeCH₂CH₂CN, b_1.0 121-5°; chloroplatinate m. 228° (decomposition) (alc.-H₂O). The nitrile refluxed with 50% H₂SO₄, the acid hydrolyzate neutralized with Ba(OH)₂, the filtered solution saturated with CO₂, and the Ba-free product recovered from CHCl₃ gave viscous IV, remaining liquid after 6 months in a vacuum desiccator; di-HCl salt m. 205-6° (decomposition); chloroplatinate (alc.-H₂O) decomposed without melting. No previous reference to I, II, III, IV was known. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Safety of N,N-Diethylsalicylamide).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Safety of N,N-Diethylsalicylamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Strategy for Amide to β-Oxo Ester Transformation via N-Alkenoxypyridinium Salts as the Activator and H₂O as the Nucleophile was written by Wu, Nan;Li, Chuang;Mi, Jiajia;Zheng, Yan;Xu, Zhou. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Safety of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide This article mentions the following:

N-Alkenoxypyridinium salts were found to be highly active electrophilic reagents that could be used to activate the C-N bond of amides. Both aromatic amides and aliphatic amides could be transformed into the corresponding β-oxo esters with good yields via the combined use of N-alkenoxypyridinium salts and water. The methodol. proceeds under mild reaction conditions and is tolerant of various functional groups in both reaction partners. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Safety of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Safety of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics