Simple exploration of 91-00-9

Product Details of 91-00-9. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C13H13N, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Product Details of 91-00-9. Recently I am researching about SULFOXONIUM YLIDES; BOND ACTIVATION; RH(III)-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; DIAZO-COMPOUNDS; PRIMARY AMINES; BENZYLAMINES; ANNULATION; ALKYNES; FUNCTIONALIZATION, Saw an article supported by the NSFCNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81373259, 81573286, 81602954]. Published in ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY in CAMBRIDGE ,Authors: Nie, RF; Lai, RZ; Lv, SY; Xu, YY; Guo, L; Wang, QT; Wu, Y. The CAS is 91-00-9. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Diphenylmethanamine

A water-mediated C-H activation using sulfoxonium ylides is reported, providing a general, green and step-economic approach to construct a C-C bond and varieties of useful N-heterocycle scaffolds. Notably, the water-mediated activation, in contrast to that in organic solvents, shows great potential in pharmaceutical, biochemistry and chemical industries.

Product Details of 91-00-9. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C13H13N, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Now Is The Time For You To Know The Truth About Diphenylmethanamine

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C13H13N, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. COA of Formula: C13H13N

An article Chemical profiling of HIV-1 capsid-targeting antiviral PF74 WOS:000546723400025 published article about THERMAL SHIFT ASSAYS; CYCLOPHILIN-A; REPLICATION; INFECTION; PROTEIN; ROLES; INHIBITION; DISCOVERY; POTENT; CELLS in [Wang, Lei; Vernekar, Sanjeev Kumar V.; Do, Ha T.; Sahani, Rajkumar Lalji; Xie, Jiashu; Wang, Zhengqiang] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Ctr Drug Design, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Casey, Mary C.] Univ Missouri, Christopher S Bond Life Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA; [Kirby, Karen A.; Du, Haijuan; Zhang, Huanchun; Tedbury, Philip R.; Sarafianos, Stefan G.] Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Lab Biochem Pharmacol, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; [Hachiya, Atsuko] Natl Hosp Org, Clin Res Ctr, Nagoya Med Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4600001, Japan; [Wang, Lei] Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Dept Pharm, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China in 2020.0, Cited 51.0. COA of Formula: C13H13N. The Name is Diphenylmethanamine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 91-00-9

The capsid protein (CA) of HIV-1 plays essential roles in multiple steps of the viral replication cycle by assembling into functional capsid core, controlling the kinetics of uncoating and nuclear entry, and interacting with various host factors. Targeting CA represents an attractive yet underexplored antiviral approach. Of all known CA-targeting small molecule chemotypes, the peptidomimetic PF74 is particularly interesting because it binds to the same pocket used by a few important host factors, resulting in highly desirable antiviral phenotypes. However, further development of PF74 entails understanding its pharmacophore and mitigating its poor metabolic stability. We report herein the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a large number of PF74 analogs aiming to provide a comprehensive chemical profiling of PF74 and advance the understanding on its detailed binding mechanism and pharmacophore. The analogs, containing structural variations mainly in the aniline domain and/or the indole domain, were assayed for their effect on stability of CA hexamers, antiviral activity, and cytotoxicity. Selected analogs were also tested for metabolic stability in liver microsomes, alone or in the presence of a CYP3A inhibitor. Collectively, our studies identified important pharmacophore elements and revealed additional binding features of PF74, which could aid in future design of improved ligands to better probe the molecular basis of CA-host factor interactions, design strategies to disrupt them, and ultimately identify viable CA-targeting antiviral leads. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C13H13N, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. COA of Formula: C13H13N

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Awesome Chemistry Experiments For 2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethanol

Welcome to talk about 104-10-9, If you have any questions, you can contact Gurney, ME; Nugent, RA; Mo, XS; Sindac, JA; Hagen, TJ; Fox, D; O’Donnell, JM; Zhang, C; Xu, Y; Zhang, HT; Groppi, VE; Bailie, M; White, RE; Romero, DL; Vellekoop, AS; Walker, JR; Surman, MD; Zhu, L; Campbell, RF or send Email.. Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Category: amides-buliding-blocks. In 2019.0 J MED CHEM published article about CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASES; CAMP-SPECIFIC PHOSPHODIESTERASE; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; PROTEIN-KINASE; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; AMP PRODUCTION; KNOCKOUT MICE; DROSOPHILA in [Gurney, Mark E.; Nugent, Richard A.; Mo, Xuesheng; Sindac, Janice A.] Tetra Discovery Partners Inc, 38 Fulton St West, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA; [Hagen, Timothy J.] Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1425 West Lincoln Highway, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA; [Fox, David, III] Beryllium Discovery Corp, 7869 NE Day Rd West, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA; [O’Donnell, James M.; Zhang, Chong; Xu, Ying] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA; [Zhang, Han-Ting] West Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Rockefeller Neurosci Inst, Dept Behav Med & Psychiat, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA; [Zhang, Han-Ting] West Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Rockefeller Neurosci Inst, Dept Physiol Pharmacol & Neurosci, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA; [Groppi, Vincent E.] Univ Michigan, Michigan Drug Discovery, Life Sci Inst, 210 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA; [Bailie, Marc] INDS Inc, 6111 Jackson Rd,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA; [White, Ronald E.] White Global Pharma Consultants, 31 Kinglet Dr, South Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA; [Romero, Donna L.] Pharma Vat Consulting LLC, 1201 Turnberry Ridge Court, Chesterfield, MO 63005 USA; [Vellekoop, A. Samuel; Walker, Joel R.; Surman, Matthew D.; Zhu, Lei; Campbell, Robert F.] Albany Mol Res Inc, 21 Corp Circle, Albany, NY 12203 USA; [Fox, David, III] UCB Pharma, 7869 NE Day Rd West, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA; [Zhang, Chong] Janssen China R&D, 65 Guiqing Rd,Bldg A,Floor 6, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China; [Campbell, Robert F.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA in 2019.0, Cited 81.0. The Name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethanol. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 104-10-9.

Novel pyridine- and pyrimidine-based allosteric inhibitors are reported that achieve PDE4D subtype selectivity through recognition of a single amino acid difference on a key regulatory domain, known as UCR2, that opens and closes over the catalytic site for cAMP hydrolysis. The design and optimization of lead compounds was based on iterative analysis of X-ray crystal structures combined with metabolite identification. Selectivity for the activated, dimeric form of PDE4D provided potent memory enhancing effects in a mouse model of novel object recognition with improved tolerability and reduced vascular toxicity over earlier PDE4 inhibitors that lack subtype selectivity. The lead compound, 28 (BPN14770), has entered midstage, human phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of Fragile X Syndrome.

Welcome to talk about 104-10-9, If you have any questions, you can contact Gurney, ME; Nugent, RA; Mo, XS; Sindac, JA; Hagen, TJ; Fox, D; O’Donnell, JM; Zhang, C; Xu, Y; Zhang, HT; Groppi, VE; Bailie, M; White, RE; Romero, DL; Vellekoop, AS; Walker, JR; Surman, MD; Zhu, L; Campbell, RF or send Email.. Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Can You Really Do Chemisty Experiments About 90-16-4

Computed Properties of C7H5N3O. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C7H5N3O, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Authors El Rayes, SM; Ali, IAI; Fathalla, W; Mahmoud, MAA in AMER CHEMICAL SOC published article about PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION; LIGANDS; GROWTH in [El Rayes, Samir M.; Ali, Ibrahim A. I.; Mahmoud, Mostafa A. A.] Suez Canal Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Ismailia 41529, Egypt; [Fathalla, Walid] Port Said Univ, Fac Engn, Phys & Math Engn Dept, Port Said 42526, Egypt in 2020, Cited 24. Computed Properties of C7H5N3O. The Name is Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-16-4

In one-pot strategy, diazotization of methyl anthranilate 5 followed by addition of amino acid ester hydrochloride, we have prepared methyl-2-(4-oxobenzotriazin-3(4H)-yl)-alkanoates 6a-c. Starting with hydrazides 7a,b, N-alkyl-2-(4-oxobenzotriazin-3(4H)-yl)-alkanamides 9-10(a-h) and methyl-2-(2-(4-oxobenzotriazin-3(4H)-yl)alkanamido)alkanoates 11- 12(a-e) were prepared via azide coupling. Hydrazones 13-15 were prepared via condensation of hydrazides 7a,b with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and/or arabinose. Molecular docking was done for synthesized compounds using MOE 2008-10 software. The compounds 9a, 12a, 12c, 13a, 13b, and 14b have the most pronounced strong binding affinities toward the target E. coli Fab-H receptor, whereas compounds 3, 11e, 12e, and 13a have the most pronounced strong binding affinities toward the target vitamin D receptor. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the highest binding affinity docked compounds were tested against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Majority of the tested compounds showed effective positive results against E. coli, while they were almost inactive against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the highest binding affinity-docked compounds were tested against the human liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Some compounds showed potent cytotoxic activity with low IC50 values, especially for 3 (6.525 mu M) and 13a (10.97 mu M) than that for standard drug doxorubicin (2.06 mu M).

Computed Properties of C7H5N3O. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C7H5N3O, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical Properties and Facts of 91-00-9

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C13H13N, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Recommanded Product: 91-00-9

Recommanded Product: 91-00-9. Recently I am researching about ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; HYDROPHOSPHONYLATION; AMINALIZATION; IMINES; ACID, Saw an article supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51373067]. Published in AMER CHEMICAL SOC in WASHINGTON ,Authors: Liu, YX; Wang, JD; Wei, ZL; Cao, JG; Liang, DP; Lin, YJ; Duan, HF. The CAS is 91-00-9. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Diphenylmethanamine

N,N’-Acetals are sensitive compounds, and the challenging asymmetric synthesis of acyclic N,N’-acetals by the general addition of amines to ketimines has never been reported so far. In this study, highly enantioselective addition of aryl amines to isatin-derived ketimines catalyzed by chiral urea derived from quinine was developed. A series of new acyclic N,N’-acetals were constructed by this protocol in high to excellent yields (78-99%) and high to excellent enantioselectivities (76-96% ee).

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C13H13N, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Recommanded Product: 91-00-9

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Final Thoughts on Chemistry for 90-16-4

HPLC of Formula: C7H5N3O. Welcome to talk about 90-16-4, If you have any questions, you can contact El Rayes, SM; Ali, IAI; Fathalla, W; Mahmoud, MAA or send Email.

Recently I am researching about PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION; LIGANDS; GROWTH, Saw an article supported by the Science & Technology Development Fund in Egypt STDF Project [22909]. Published in AMER CHEMICAL SOC in WASHINGTON ,Authors: El Rayes, SM; Ali, IAI; Fathalla, W; Mahmoud, MAA. The CAS is 90-16-4. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. HPLC of Formula: C7H5N3O

In one-pot strategy, diazotization of methyl anthranilate 5 followed by addition of amino acid ester hydrochloride, we have prepared methyl-2-(4-oxobenzotriazin-3(4H)-yl)-alkanoates 6a-c. Starting with hydrazides 7a,b, N-alkyl-2-(4-oxobenzotriazin-3(4H)-yl)-alkanamides 9-10(a-h) and methyl-2-(2-(4-oxobenzotriazin-3(4H)-yl)alkanamido)alkanoates 11- 12(a-e) were prepared via azide coupling. Hydrazones 13-15 were prepared via condensation of hydrazides 7a,b with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and/or arabinose. Molecular docking was done for synthesized compounds using MOE 2008-10 software. The compounds 9a, 12a, 12c, 13a, 13b, and 14b have the most pronounced strong binding affinities toward the target E. coli Fab-H receptor, whereas compounds 3, 11e, 12e, and 13a have the most pronounced strong binding affinities toward the target vitamin D receptor. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the highest binding affinity docked compounds were tested against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Majority of the tested compounds showed effective positive results against E. coli, while they were almost inactive against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the highest binding affinity-docked compounds were tested against the human liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Some compounds showed potent cytotoxic activity with low IC50 values, especially for 3 (6.525 mu M) and 13a (10.97 mu M) than that for standard drug doxorubicin (2.06 mu M).

HPLC of Formula: C7H5N3O. Welcome to talk about 90-16-4, If you have any questions, you can contact El Rayes, SM; Ali, IAI; Fathalla, W; Mahmoud, MAA or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Get Up to Speed Quickly on Emerging Topics:90-16-4

Name: Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C7H5N3O, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Name: Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. I found the field of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Hexokinase II Inhibitory Effect of Secondary Metabolites Derived from a Streptomyces sp. Associated with Mud Dauber Wasp published in 2020, Reprint Addresses Zhang, XM (corresponding author), Shandong Drug & Food Vocat Coll, Dept Pharm, Weihai 264210, Peoples R China.. The CAS is 90-16-4. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one.

Insect-microbial symbioses have vast biochemical diversity, which is beneficial to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, chemical examination of a Streptomyces sp. associated with a mud dauber wasp led to the isolation of fourteen compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data. Among the isolates, compounds 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(1H)-one and 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenyl acetate were first reported from this species. Bioactivities of the isolated compounds were assayed for the first time against hexokinase II. 4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenyl acetate, germicidin B, phenylacetic acid, isogermicidin A and germicidin C displayed significant inhibitory activity against hexokinase II, with the IC50 values of 5.11, 7.11, 7.15, 8.45 and 8.78 mu M, respectively.

Name: Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-one. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C7H5N3O, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Guizhou University; Xue Wei; Zhang Juping; Zhang Cheng; Chen Lijuan; Wang Yihui; Li Pu; Li Qin; Ruan Xianghui; Wang Xiaobin; Wu Xiaoqiong; Wang Jun; (24 pag.)CN107602493; (2019); B;,
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Awesome and Easy Science Experiments about Diphenylmethanamine

Welcome to talk about 91-00-9, If you have any questions, you can contact Gunjal, VB; Reddy, DS or send Email.. Quality Control of Diphenylmethanamine

I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Total synthesis of Met(10)-teixobactin published in 2019.0. Quality Control of Diphenylmethanamine, Reprint Addresses Reddy, DS (corresponding author), CSIR Natl Chem Lab, Organ Chem Div, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.. The CAS is 91-00-9. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Diphenylmethanamine

The total synthesis of cyclic depsipeptide Met(10)-teixobactin in solution-phase is described. Teixobactin is a structurally and mechanistically novel antimicrobial peptidic natural product with very impressive activities against Gram-positive pathogens. It happens to possess an L-allo-enduracididine (End) residue as part of macrocyclic ring which is not readily accessible. In this report, we have used serine ligation strategy as the key step to prepare an analogue of teixobactin where End being replaced with a readily available amino acid methionine. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Welcome to talk about 91-00-9, If you have any questions, you can contact Gunjal, VB; Reddy, DS or send Email.. Quality Control of Diphenylmethanamine

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Awesome and Easy Science Experiments about 2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethanol

Computed Properties of C8H11NO. About 2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethanol, If you have any questions, you can contact Lee, JW; Jung, S; Jo, J; Han, GH; Lee, DM; Oh, J; Hwang, HJ; Choi, D; Kim, SW; Lee, JH; Yang, C; Baik, JM or concate me.

Computed Properties of C8H11NO. Authors Lee, JW; Jung, S; Jo, J; Han, GH; Lee, DM; Oh, J; Hwang, HJ; Choi, D; Kim, SW; Lee, JH; Yang, C; Baik, JM in ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY published article about in [Lee, Jae Won; Lee, Dong-Min; Kim, Sang-Woo; Baik, Jeong Min] Sungkyunkwan Univ SKKU, Sch Adv Mat Sci & Engn, Suwon 16419, South Korea; [Jung, Sungwoo; Oh, Jiyeon; Yang, Changduk] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST, Low Dimens Carbon Mat Ctr, Perovtron Res Ctr, Dept Energy Engn,Sch Energy & Chem Engn, Ulsan 44919, South Korea; [Jo, Jinhyeong; Lee, Jun Hee] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST, Sch Energy & Chem Engn, Ulsan 44919, South Korea; [Han, Gi Hyeon] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Ulsan 44919, South Korea; [Hwang, Hee Jae; Choi, Dukhyun] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Yongin 17104, South Korea in 2021.0, Cited 76.0. The Name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethanol. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 104-10-9

In this paper, we report on a new dielectric, a C-60-containing block polyimide (PI-b-C-60). This was realized by introducing C-60 as pendent groups into a polymer backbone. When this dielectric was used in a non-contact mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), it achieved high output power and reliable operation. Compared with perfluoroalkoxy alkane film-based TENGs, the TENG based on PI-b-C-60 generated 4.3 times higher output power and a superior charge density of over 300 mu C m(-2) with a 3 times slower charge decay rate. These results are most likely due to the excellent charge-retention characteristics induced by the most negative electrostatic potential of C-60 within the backbone, and these characteristics were confirmed by surface potential measurements. Furthermore, in the course of our work, two non-contact mode applications, a keyless electronic door lock system and a speed sensor with a tone wheel for a car, were developed. Without an ion injection process being needed, very sensitive and reliable operations of the speed sensor were successfully demonstrated, even under very humid conditions (similar to 99% RH).

Computed Properties of C8H11NO. About 2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethanol, If you have any questions, you can contact Lee, JW; Jung, S; Jo, J; Han, GH; Lee, DM; Oh, J; Hwang, HJ; Choi, D; Kim, SW; Lee, JH; Yang, C; Baik, JM or concate me.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

You Should Know Something about Diphenylmethanamine

Category: amides-buliding-blocks. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C13H13N, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

An article Synthesis of New 1,3,5-Azadiphosphorinanes Based on Aliphatic Amines WOS:000522647800009 published article about CYCLIC AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHINES; COMPLEXES in [Musina, E. I.; Musin, L. I.; Litvinov, I. A.; Karasik, A. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Kazan Sci Ctr, Fed Res Ctr, AE Arbuzov Inst Organ & Phys Chem, Kazan 420088, Russia in 2020.0, Cited 25.0. The Name is Diphenylmethanamine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 91-00-9. Category: amides-buliding-blocks

New 1-aza-3,5-diphosphorinanes have been synthesized as a mixture of RR/SS- and RS-isomers via the reaction of bis(phenylphosphanyl)methane, paraformaldehyde, isopropylamine, of benzhydrylamine.

Category: amides-buliding-blocks. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C13H13N, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
,Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics