Tag: 100-200

Synthesis, characterization and desalination study of novel PSAB and mPSAB blend membranes with Polysulfone (PSf) was written by Padaki, Mahesh;Isloor, Arun M.;Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi;Abdullah, M. S.. And the article was included in Desalination in 2012.Synthetic Route of C7H10N2O2S This article mentions the following:

The present paper describes the synthesis of poly sulfonyl amino benzamide (PSAB) and methyalated poly sulfonyl amino benzamide (mPSAB) polymer, using terephthalic acid chloride and substituted 4-amino-1-benzensulfonmide in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Polymers were characterized by FT-IR, NMR and GPC. Polysulfone composite membranes were prepared using these novel polymers by DIPS (Diffusion Induced Phase Separation) method. These composite membranes are useful for water purification with special emphasis on sea water desalination. Newly prepared membranes were studied for salt rejection, water flux, mol. weight cut off by PEG solution, effect of the pH on water swelling and salt rejection and flux decline was also studied. 30 to 70% of the salt rejection was observed in all membranes. Effect of the dilution on salt rejection was studied using different concentration of NaCl solution varying from 1000 ppm to 3500 ppm. All the membranes showed 80% rejection for PEG having 1000 Da mol. weight Contact angle and water swelling was measured to determine hydrophilicity of the membrane. Water swelling and salt rejection in different pH was also studied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4Synthetic Route of C7H10N2O2S).

4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Synthetic Route of C7H10N2O2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mass-spectrometric investigations on derivatives of phenylacetic acid. I. Loss of ortho substituents from ionized phenylacetamides was written by Lee, Dong Ung;Mayer, Klaus K.;Wiegrebe, Wolfgang;Lauber, Rolf;Schlunegger, Urs P.. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) in 1988.Quality Control of 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide This article mentions the following:

The mol. ions of 2-RC₆H₄CH₂CONR¹₂ (I; R = Cl, Br, NO₂; R¹ = H, Me) lost R to give strong [M-R]⁺ signals. I (R = MeO, cyano; R¹ = H, Me) lost R to a minor extent, while I (R = H, Me, F; R¹ = H; R = H, F, R¹ = Me) did not lose R. Also, Cl was not lost from the 3- and 4-chloro amides. Loss of a 2-NO₂ group was favored by an addnl. MeO substituent. Metastable-ion and collisional-activation spectra were discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide (cas: 10268-06-1Quality Control of 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide).

2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide (cas: 10268-06-1) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Quality Control of 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ru-catalyzed highly enantioselective hydrogenation of α-keto Weinreb amides was written by Zhao, Meng Meng;Li, Wan Fang;Ma, Xin;Fan, Wei Zheng;Tao, Xiao Ming;Li, Xiao Ming;Xie, Xiao Min;Zhang, Zhao Guo. And the article was included in Science China: Chemistry in 2013.Synthetic Route of C6H12N2O4 This article mentions the following:

Asym. hydrogenation of α-keto Weinreb amides was realized with [Ru((S)-Sunphos)(benzene)Cl]Cl as the catalyst and CeCl₃·7H₂O as reagent. A series of enantiopure α-hydroxy Weinreb amides (up to 97% ee) have been obtained. A catalytic amount of CeCl₃·7H₂O is essential for the high reactivity and enantioselectivity and the ratio of CeCl₃·7H₂O to [Ru((S)-Sunphos)(benzene)Cl]Cl plays an important role in the hydrogenation reaction. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using (η⁶-benzene)chloro[1,1′-[(4S)-2,2,2′,2′-tetramethyl[4,4′-bi-1,3-benzodioxole]-5,5′-diyl]bis[1,1-diphenylphosphine-κP]]ruthenium chloride (1:1) as efficient catalyst. Starting materials thus used included N-Methoxy-N-methyl-α-oxobenzeneacetamide, N-methoxy-N-methyl-α-oxo-2-thiopheneacetamide (thiophene Weinreb oxo amide), N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-oxopropanamide, N-methoxy-N-methyl-α-oxobenzenepropanamide. The title compounds thus formed included (+)-α-hydroxy-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzeneacetamide, (αR)-α-hydroxy-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzenepropanamide, etc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1Synthetic Route of C6H12N2O4).

N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Synthetic Route of C6H12N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zinc(II) Triflate-Controlled 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of C-(2-Thiazolyl)nitrones: Application to the Synthesis of a Novel Isoxazolidinyl Analog of Tiazofurin was written by Chiacchio, Ugo;Rescifina, Antonio;Saita, Maria G.;Iannazzo, Daniela;Romeo, Giovanni;Mates, Juan A.;Tejero, Tomas;Merino, Pedro. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2005.Computed Properties of C6H13NO3 This article mentions the following:

The cycloaddition reaction between C-(2-thiazolyl) nitrones and allylic alc. takes place with complete exo selectivity when the reactions are carried out in the presence of 1 equiv of zinc triflate. The rate of the reaction is increased enormously under microwave irradiation The use of a chiral dipolarophile allowed application of the methodol. to the synthesis of a hitherto unknown enantiomerically pure isoxazolidinyl analog of the C-nucleoside tiazofurin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Diethoxyacetamide (cas: 61189-99-9Computed Properties of C6H13NO3).

2,2-Diethoxyacetamide (cas: 61189-99-9) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Computed Properties of C6H13NO3

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metabolism of procarbazine (N-isopropyl-α-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide hydrochloride) was written by Prough, R. A.;Coomes, M. W.;Cummings, S. W.;Wiebkin, P.. And the article was included in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology in 1982.Application In Synthesis of 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide This article mentions the following:

The liver microsomal metabolism of procarbazine (I) [366-70-1] was studied in various liver microsomal preparations from rats. A scheme is suggested for I metabolism in which the intermediate azoprocarbazine  [2235-59-8] is transformed by independent pathways to methylating agents via 2 azoxy derivatives or to CH₄  [74-82-8] via some other reactive intermediate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0Application In Synthesis of 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Application In Synthesis of 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oxidative metabolism of N-isopropyl-α-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide hydrochloride (procarbazine) by rat liver microsomes was written by Dunn, Danny L.;Lubet, Ronald A.;Prough, Russell A.. And the article was included in Cancer Research in 1979.Electric Literature of C11H13NO2 This article mentions the following:

The oxidative metabolism of procarbazine-HCl (I) [366-70-1] by rat liver microsomes was studied by 3 different biochem. assays. The major, stable microsomal metabolite produced was the azo derivative, N-isopropyl-α-(2-methylazo)-p-toluamide [2235-59-8], which can undergo a rapid chem. conversion to an aldehyde, p-formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide [13255-50-0], and methylhydrazine upon the addition of acid. The rate of metabolism could most conveniently be determined spectrophotometrically by reacting the resultant methylhydrazine with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. Rates of metabolism ranged from 13.4 to 14.1 nmol/min/mg of microsomal protein. Inhibitor and induction studies indicated that the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase [9038-14-6] system is responsible for this oxidation reaction. Several possible mechanisms were considered. The azo derivative of I was further oxidized to 2 isomeric azoxy derivatives, N-isopropyl-α-(2-methyl-NNO-azoxy)-p-toluamide [66944-55-6] and N-isopropyl-α-(2-methyl-ONN-azoxy)-p-toluamide [66944-56-7], at a metabolic rate 10-15% as large as the rate of I oxidation In addition, the affinity of the azo derivative for the monooxygenase was high relative to that of the parent hydrazine. The reaction was inhibited by cytochrome P-450 inhibitors and was sensitive to the in vitro addition of several thiono-S-containing compounds The azoxy compounds were also metabolized by microsomal fractions from liver and yielded p-formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide as a product. This complex in vitro metabolic scheme is analogous to the in vivo metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and suggests that I may be metabolically activated to yield alkylating agents capable of expressing carcinogenic and/or toxic effects by a mechanism common for at least these 2 N,N‘-disubstituted hydrazines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0Electric Literature of C11H13NO2).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Electric Literature of C11H13NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzophenone Derivatives as Potential HIV-1 Inhibitors was written by Song, Zhendong;Wang, Ping;Huang, Shanshan;Wang, Changyuan;Wang, Rui-Rui;Yang, Liu-Meng;Zhen, Yuhong;Liu, Kexin;Zheng, Yong-Tang;Ma, Xiaodong. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry (Sharjah, United Arab Emirates) in 2017.Application of 53297-70-4 This article mentions the following:

Although a number of agents can achieve high response in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, safer and more active HIV inhibitors are still needed for the growing number of patients infected with resistant HIV virus strains. GW678248 is one of the most potent benzophenone derivatives, exhibiting high potency against a panel of HIV- 1 virus (wild-type, K103N mutant, Y181C, etc.) at 1 nmol/L concentrations However, the safety issues associated with rash and liver metabolic enzymes ultimately led to discontinue its further deve-lopment. As a continuation of our structural modifications on this template, in this manuscript, a new series of benzophenones are described as potential HIV inhibitors. All the title mols. were synthesized according to the routes in Scheme 1 and Scheme 2, and were tested for anti-HIV-1 activity using the MTT method. In the mol. simulation, the docking program of AutoDock 4.0.1 in parallel with the default parameters were used. A series of novel benzophenone derivatives (BPs) with nanomolar anti-HIV-1 activity were identified. Of these inhibitors, analog 10i (EC50 = 2.9 nmol/L), the most active inhibitor, was comparable to the lead compound GW678248 in inhibiting the wild-type HIV-1 virus. Addnl., analog 13b, which not only exhibited strong inhibitory activity against the HIV-1 virus (EC50 = 4.2 nmol/L), but also has very low cytotoxicity with a TI value of more than 219178.1 was also discovered. This study led to the identification of a series of benzophenone derivatives with nanomolar level of anti-HIV-1 activity. Analogs 10i and 13b, with low cytotoxicity along with high activity are worthy of further development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4Application of 53297-70-4).

4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Application of 53297-70-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing spirocyclic indoline-2-one moieties and their nematicidal evaluation was written by Wang, Gao-Lei;Chen, Xi;Chang, Ya-Ning;Du, Dan;Li, Zhong;Xu, Xiao-Yong. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2015.Reference of 119023-25-5 This article mentions the following:

To discover new chemotypes of nematicides with proper toxicol. profiles, a series of novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives were synthesized and further bioevaluated. The bioassay results showed that most of the synthesized compounds were endowed with moderate to good control efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita at 10.0 mg/L in vivo. Among them, compounds 1-(4-(4-oxo-7-methoxylbenzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-3(4H)-yl)butyl)spiro[indoline-3,2′-[1,3]dioxolan]-2-one and 1-(4-(4-oxo-7-nitrobenzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-3(4H)-yl)butyl)spiro[indoline-3,2′-[1,3]dioxolan]-2-one displayed 100% inhibitory activities at this concentration, which implied that they could be used as lead compounds for promising nematicides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5Reference of 119023-25-5).

2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Reference of 119023-25-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fluoro-Substituted Methyllithium Chemistry: External Quenching Method Using Flow Microreactors was written by Colella, Marco;Tota, Arianna;Takahashi, Yusuke;Higuma, Ryosuke;Ishikawa, Susumu;Degennaro, Leonardo;Luisi, Renzo;Nagaki, Aiichiro. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The external quenching method based on flow microreactors allows the generation and use of short-lived fluoro-substituted methyllithium reagents, such as fluoromethyllithium, fluoroiodomethyllithium, and fluoroiodostannylmethyllithium. Highly chemoselective reactions were developed, opening new opportunities in the synthesis of fluorinated mols. using fluorinated organometallics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 226260-01-1Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

3-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 226260-01-1) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Tridentate Chiral Spiro Aminophosphine-Oxazoline Ligands and Application to Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α-Keto Amides was written by Zhang, Feng-Hua;Wang, Chen;Xie, Jian-Hua;Zhou, Qi-Lin. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2019.Related Products of 106675-70-1 This article mentions the following:

A new type of tridentate chiral spiro aminophosphine-oxazoline ligands (SpiroOAP) were synthesized through four steps. The SpiroOAP ligands are highly efficient for the asym. hydrogenation of α-keto amides, providing a variety of synthetically useful α-hydroxy amides with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee) and turnover numbers (up to 10,000). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1Related Products of 106675-70-1).

N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Related Products of 106675-70-1

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics