Tag: 200-300

Zinc Powder Catalysed Formylation and Urealation of Amines Using CO₂ as a C1 Building Block was written by Du, Chongyang;Chen, Yaofeng. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Chemistry in 2020.Name: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea This article mentions the following:

The zinc powder catalyzed formylation and urealation of secondary amines e.g., N-methylaniline and primary aromatic amines RNH₂ (R = Ph, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, cyclohexyl, etc.) with CO₂ and (EtO)₃SiH under solvent-free condition were reported. Using 2 mol% zinc powder as the catalyst, a series of secondary amines, both the aromatic ones and the aliphatic ones can be formylated into formamides e.g., N-methyl-N-phenylformamide. When primary aromatic amines were used as the substrates, the reactions produce urea derivatives RNHC(O)NHR. The electronic and steric effects from the substrates on the formylation and urealation reactions were observed and discussed. The recovery and reusability of zinc powder were investigated, showing that zinc powder can be reused in the formylation reaction without loss of catalytic activity. The anal. on the reactants/products mixture after filtering out the zinc powder showed that zinc concentration in the mixture is low to 1 ppm. The pathways for the formylation and urealation of amines with this catalytic system were also investigated and related to the different substrates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Name: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Name: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Acute Toxicity Evaluation of the Disinfectant Containing Percarbonate and Tetraacetylethylenediamine by Measuring Behavioral Responses of Small Fish Using Image Analysis was written by Seo, Seung-Yoon;Park, Yeon-Ho;Jung, Sang-Kyu;Kim, Jinku. And the article was included in Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering in 2022.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Disinfectants containing percarbonate and tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) has been developed as an effective and relatively safe disinfectant to destroy viruses and bacteria in animals and humans, however it is known that most disinfectants can cause danger to living organisms including humans. In the current study, acute toxicity of the disinfectant composed of percarbonate and TAED was assessed by measuring behavioral responses as well as lethal concentrations of aquatic organisms such as medaka and zebrafish when they were exposed to it. First, the breeding water properties were determined by measuring dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH changes over time up to 96 h in acute toxicity tests using the medaka, and the lethal concentration 50% (LC50, 88.39 ppm) was calculated using the lethality rate of the fish. This experiment was conducted in compliance with traditional OECD guidelines. Second, the assessment of behavioral responses (locomotive activity and swimming speed) with the zebrafish were assessed by the image anal. to capture the images per s for three hours, and the collected data were processed using image anal. to calculate the locomotive activity and swimming speed. Finally, the LC50 (135.76 ppm) of the disinfectant to the fish was also measured after three hours. Overall, the data revealed that LC50 of the disinfectant may be affected by the pH of the water exposed to the disinfectant, not by the DO in the water. In addition, the results from the image anal. indicated that the behavioral responses of the fish can further assess the acute toxicity of the disinfectant at concentrations below the LC50 and there was a relationship (R2 = 0.85) between the behavioral responses and the survival rate of the fish. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tyre additive chemicals, tyre road wear particles and high production polymers in surface water at 5 urban centres in Queensland, Australia was written by Rauert, Cassandra;Vardy, Suzanne;Daniell, Benjamin;Charlton, Nathan;Thomas, Kevin V.. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Synthetic Route of C13H24N2O This article mentions the following:

Plastics pollution is a global issue impacting every part of our environment. Tire road wear particle (TRWP) plastics pollution is thought to be one of the largest pollution sources in urban environments. These plastics are also of concern due to the presence of additive chems., incorporated during manufacture, that can be released into the surrounding environment. This study aimed to provide information on concentrations of a range of anthropogenic plastics related pollutants in the Australian environment through a scoping study of surface water in 5 key urban centers around Queensland, Australia. Samples were analyzed for a suite of 15 common tyre additive chems., TRWPs and 6 common high production polymers, and included the new transformation product of concern 6PPD-quinone which has recent reports of causing mass mortality events in certain aquatic species. The additives were ubiquitously detected (2.9-1440 ng/L) with 6PPD-quinone concentrations lower than in previous studies (<0.05-24 ng/L) and TRWPs detected at 18 of the 21 sites (<MDL to between 690 and 1990μg/L). Of the high production polymers, polyethylene and polypropylene were detected at the highest concentrations (16-1750 and <0.7-37μg/L resp.) with profiles highly variable between sites. A traffic related additive profile was determined at 7 sites, which all had nearby traffic related sources. Concentrations of additive chems. were significantly correlated with average daily traffic volumes (p = 0.006), although concentrations of TRWPs were not correlated. Generally, concentrations were in line with or lower than concentrations in other geog. regions, although it is noted samples were collected during the dry season and further sampling during the tropical wet season would be of interest. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Synthetic Route of C13H24N2O).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Synthetic Route of C13H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of organic xenobiotics in urban aquatic environments using time-of-flight mass spectrometry was written by Jernberg, Joonas;Pellinen, Jukka;Rantalainen, Anna-Lea. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2013.Recommanded Product: 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

Qual. non-target and post-target anal. methods using gas chromatog.-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were applied for analyzing neutral and acidic organic xenobiotics in urban and suburban water samples. Ten water samples representing wastewater, stormwater and surface water matrixes were collected and concentrated using solid phase extraction Compound identification was performed using a spectral deconvolution program, accurate mass measurements and comparisons with library spectra. The non-target and post-target analyses identified 36 and 18 compounds, resp. The identification of 10 compounds was afterwards confirmed with standard compounds Organophosphate esters were the most abundant compound group detected. The combination of non-target and post-target analyses proved a useful tool in the tentative identification of xenobiotics in water samples. Post-target anal. can complement non-target anal. results at low analyte concentrations Results showed that several organic xenobiotics originate in urban areas and accumulate in the environment. The wastewater sample produced the highest number of identified compounds, but most of these compounds were also found in stormwater samples from the city center. Nearly all the compounds in wastewater were addnl. detected in the surface water sample taken 3 Km downstream from the wastewater effluent discharge point. Only a few xenobiotics were otherwise detected in the surface water samples. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Recommanded Product: 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design and synthesis of α-glucosidase inhibitor having DNA cleaving activity was written by Hakamata, Wataru;Yamamoto, Emiko;Muroi, Makoto;Mochizuki, Masataka;Kurihara, Masaaki;Okuda, Haruhiro;Fukuhara, Kiyoshi. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Glycoscience in 2006.Safety of N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism by which cells undergo death to control cell proliferation or in response to DNA damage. The present study was designed to explore small mol. apoptosis inducers for antitumor agents. The synthesis of 4-sulfonylphenyl α-D-glucopyranoside derivatives 1-6 and 4-(sulfonylamino)phenyl α-D-glucopyranoside derivatives 7-12, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted small mols. that were designed to induce apoptosis from ER stress by ER glucosidase inhibition and DNA damage is described. Compounds 6 and 12, with a terminal 2-naphthyl group, indicated inhibitions of α-glucosidases from S. cerevisiae (IC₅₀ = 51.7 μM and IC₅₀ = 74.1 μM) and B. stearothermophilus (IC₅₀ = 60.1 μM and IC₅₀ = 89.1 μM). Moreover, compound 12 strongly induced the DNA strand breakage condition. When compounds 1-12 were assayed for their ability to inhibit processing by glucosidases at the cellular level, no effects on glycoprotein processing were observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6Safety of N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide).

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Safety of N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oxidation decoloration kinetics of C.I. direct Blue 108 in activated oxygen bleach systems was written by Zhu, Yang;Tang, Ren-Cheng. And the article was included in Advanced Materials Research (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) in 2011.SDS of cas: 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

The decoloration behaviors of C.I. Direct Blue 108 in two activated oxygen bleach systems (PB/TAED and PC/TAED) were investigated. It was found that the decoloration kinetics of the dye in the two systems followed the first-order kinetic model and the rate constants calculated by linear regression increased significantly with increasing temperature The activation energies for the decoloration in PB/TAED and PC/TAED systems were 63.34 and 58.10 kJ/mol, resp. Moreover, the highest decoloration rate constant was obtained at pH 9 in the two systems. The kinetic model had not changed with temperature and pH in the two systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4SDS of cas: 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.SDS of cas: 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-aryl-3-azolylpropan-1-amines as selective triple serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitors was written by Lee, Ki-Ho;Park, Chun-Eung;Min, Kyung-Hyun;Shin, Yong-Je;Chung, Coo-Min;Kim, Hui-Ho;Yoon, Hae-Jeoung;Won-Kim;Ryu, Eun-Ju;Shin, Yu-Jin;Nam, Hyun-Sik;Cho, Jeong-Woo;Lee, Hee-Yoon. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2010.Synthetic Route of C10H10F3NO2 This article mentions the following:

A series of 3-aryl-3-azolylpropan-1-amines were prepared and screened for their capability of inhibiting monoamine reuptake. Analogs with nanomolar potency, good human in vitro microsomal stability, and low drug-drug interaction potential were described. In vivo models were used to evaluate I for antidepressive, anxiolytic, and analgesic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7Synthetic Route of C10H10F3NO2).

N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Synthetic Route of C10H10F3NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Study on microetching performance of hydrogen peroxide/sulfuric acid system was written by Yang, Yan;Li, De-liang. And the article was included in Advanced Materials Research (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) in 2011.Reference of 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

In order to get the optimum technol. conditions of the hydrogen peroxide/sulfuric acid system, the static corrosion method was used to study the related parameters including compositions of the microetching system and the operation temperature The results of the experiment show that the microetching performance of the hydrogen peroxide/sulfuric acid system was excellent under optimum conditions of maintaining temperature at 30∼35°C, copper concentration about 25 g/L, hydrogen peroxide 30∼40 g/L and sulfuric acid content 70∼90 g/L. The process of microetching is stable and controllable. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Reference of 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Reference of 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An efficient synthesis of Weinreb amides and ketones via palladium nanoparticles on ZIF-8 catalysed carbonylative coupling was written by Thanh Dang, Tuan;Chen, Anqi;Majeed Seayad, Abdul. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2014.Synthetic Route of C9H10BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

The heterogeneously catalyzed carbonylative coupling reactions such as aminocarbonylation and Suzuki-carbonylation are reported using Pd nanoparticles supported on ZIF-8 for efficient and environmentally attractive synthesis of Weinreb amides ArC(O)N(CH₃)OCH₃ [Ar = 4-CH₃C₆H₄, 3,4,5-(OCH₃)₃C₆H₂, pyridin-3-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, etc.] and ketones from aryl bromides ArBr or iodides ArI. The catalyst is air stable, offers high activity with very low palladium leaching and is recyclable. The presence of a phosphine ligand was required when ArBr were used as substrates, while no ligand was necessary when ArI were used. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Synthetic Route of C9H10BrNO2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Synthetic Route of C9H10BrNO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pemetrexed-conjugated hyaluronan for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma was written by Amano, Yuki;Ohta, Seiichi;Sakura, Kazuma L.;Ito, Taichi. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2019.Synthetic Route of C13H24N2O This article mentions the following:

Pemetrexed (PMX) is a multi-targeted antifolate drug used for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and non-small cell lung cancer. Hyaluronan (HA) in blood is well known as a disease marker of MPM. We synthesized PMX-conjugated hyaluronan (HA-ADH-PMX) for the first time to develop a novel anticancer chemotherapeutic agent. HAs with different mol. weights (76 and 130 kDa) were first derivatized with adipic dihydrazide (ADH) and then conjugated to PMX. The obtained HA-ADH-PMX retained inhibitory activity against folate metabolism enzymes; thymidylate synthase was inhibited to the same extent as native PMX, whereas the inhibition constant against dihydrofolate reductase was 3.3% for 76 kDa HA-ADH-PMX and 12% for 130 kDa HA-ADH-PMX when compared with that of native PMX. The in vitro cytotoxicity of HA-ADH-PMX from both mol. weights against MPM cell lines was lower than that of native PMX. On the other hand, intrapleural administration of 76 kDa HA-ADH-PMX resulted in a survival rate of MPM model mice comparable to that with native PMX, suggesting the potential for future MPM therapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Synthetic Route of C13H24N2O).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′Râ€? or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)âˆ?joined to an amine group. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Synthetic Route of C13H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics