Tag: 200-300

Alkamides from Anacyclus pyrethrum L. and their in vitro antiprotozoal activity was written by Althaus, Julia B.;Malyszek, Claudine;Kaiser, Marcel;Brun, Reto;Schmidt, Thomas J.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2017.Recommanded Product: 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In our ongoing study to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of alkamides from Asteraceae, a dichloromethane extract from the roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum L. showed a moderate in vitro activity against the NF54 strain of Plasmodium falciparum and against Leishmania donovani (amastigotes, MHOM/ET/67/L82 strain). Seven pure alkamides and a mixture of two further alkamides were isolated by column chromatog. followed by preparative high performance liquid chromatog. The alkamides were identified by mass- and NMR-spectroscopic methods as tetradeca-2E,4E-dien-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide (anacycline, 1), deca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide (pellitorine, 2), deca-2E,4E,9-trienoic acid isobutylamide (3), deca-2E,4E-dienoic acid 2-phenylethylamide (4), undeca-2E,4E-dien-8,10-diynoic acid isopentylamide (5), tetradeca-2E,4E,12Z-trien-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide (6), and dodeca-2E,4E-dien acid 4-hydroxy-2-phenylethylamide (7). Two compounds-undeca-2E,4E-dien-8,10-diynoic acid 2-phenylethylamide (8) and deca-2E,4E-dienoic acid 4-hydroxy-2-phenylethylamide (9) -were isolated as an inseparable mixture (1:4). Compounds 3, 4, and 5 were isolated from Anacyclus pyrethrum L. for the first time. While compounds 4 and 5 were previously known from the genus Achillea, compound 3 is a new natural product, to the best of our knowledge. All isolated alkamides were tested in vitro for antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania donovani and for cytotoxicity against L6 rat skeletal myoblasts. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Recommanded Product: 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Recommanded Product: 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was written by Jing, Yu;Zhang, Yi-Fan;Shang, Ming-Ying;Liu, Guang-Xue;Li, Yao-Li;Wang, Xuan;Cai, Shao-Qing. And the article was included in Molecules in 2017.Related Products of 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Anti-inflammatory compounds were investigated from the ethanol extract of the roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum, a traditional Chinese medicine called Xixin and used for pain and inflammatory. Nine new compounds were isolated, including six new lignans, neoasarinin A-C (1-3), neoasarininoside A and B (4 and 5), and asarinin B (7), and one new monoterpene, asarincin A (8), two new amides, asaramid II and III (10 and 11), and one new natural monoterpene, asaricin B (9), along with 37 known compounds (6, 12-47). Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and chem. analyses. This is the first report of the absolute configuration of asarinin A (6). The 8-O-40 neolignans (1-5) were reported in the genus Asarum for the first time. The 15 compounds 17, 19, 22-25, 28, 31, 36, 40, 42, 43, 45-47 were isolated from the genus Asarum, and compounds 16, 32, 33, 37 and 39 were isolated from A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum for the first time. Thirty-seven of the isolates were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against the release of β-glucuronidase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) induced by the platelet-activating factor (PAF), and compounds 1, 4, 7, 8, 14, 17-19, 22, 24, 25, 29, 30, 32, 33, 40-43, 45, and 46 showed potent anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, with 27.9%-72.6% inhibitions at 10^-5 mol/L. The results of anti-inflammatory assay suggested that lignans obtained from the CHCl₃ extract might be the main active components of Xixin. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Related Products of 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Related Products of 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Self-Assembled Arene-Ruthenium-Based Rectangles for the Selective Sensing of Multi-Carboxylate Anions was written by Vajpayee, Vaishali;Song, Young-Ho;Lee, Min-Hyung;Kim, Hyun-Uk;Wang, Ming;Stang, Peter J.;Chi, Ki-Whan. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2011.Related Products of 53118-43-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Novel arene-ruthenium [2+2] metalla-rectangles I and II were synthesized by self-assembly using dipyridyl amide ligand and arene-ruthenium acceptors (arene: benzoquinone, naphthacenedione) and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. The solid-state structure of II was determined by x-ray diffraction and shows encapsulated di-Et ether mol. in the rectangular cavity of II. The luminescent II was further used for anion sensing with the amidic linkage serving as a hydrogen-bond donor site for anions and the ruthenium moiety serving as a signaling unit. A UV/visible titration study demonstrated that although II interacts very weakly with common monoanions as well as with flexible dicarboxylate anions such as malonate and succinate, it displays significant binding affinity (K>10³ in MeOH) for rigid multi-carboxylate anions such as oxalate, citrate, and tartrate, exhibiting a 1:1 stoichiometry. Probably 1:1 bidentate hydrogen bonding assisted by appropriate geometrical complementarity is mainly responsible for the increased affinity of II towards such anions. A fluorescence titration study revealed a large fluorescence enhancement of II upon binding to multi-carboxylate anions, which can be attributed to the blocking of the photoinduced electron-transfer process from the arene-Ru moiety to the amidic donor in II as a result of hydrogen bonding between the donor and the anion. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N1,N2-Di(pyridin-4-yl)oxalamide (cas: 53118-43-7Related Products of 53118-43-7).

N1,N2-Di(pyridin-4-yl)oxalamide (cas: 53118-43-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Related Products of 53118-43-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Isolation and Characterization of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Piper longum and Binding Mode Predictions was written by Khatami, Zakie;Herdlinger, Sonja;Sarkhail, Parisa;Zehl, Martin;Kaehlig, Hanspeter;Schuster, Daniela;Adhami, Hamid-Reza. And the article was included in Planta Medica in 2020.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Restoration of cholinergic function is considered a rational approach to enhance cognitive performance. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are still the best therapeutic option for Alzheimer’s disease. The fruits of Piper longum have been used in traditional medicines for the treatment of memory loss. It was demonstrated that the dichloromethane extract of these fruits is able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the contained acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The active zones were presented via TLC-bioautog., and five compounds were isolated in the process of a bioassay-guided phytochem. investigation. Their structures were characterized as piperine, Me piperate, guineenisine, pipercide, and pellitorine using spectroscopy and spectrometry methods (UV, IR, MS, ¹ H-, and ¹³ C-NMR). In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the isolates and their IC ₅₀ values were determined via a colorimetric assay. Three of them exhibited enzyme inhibitory activities, with piperine being the most potent compound (IC ₅₀ of 0.3 mM). In order to investigate the binding mode of the tested compounds, docking studies were performed using the X-ray crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase from Tetronarce californica with the Protein Data Bank code 1EVE. The content of the active compounds in the extract was determined by a developed HPLC method. Piperine was present in the maximum quantity in the fruits (0.57%), whereas Me piperate contained the min. content (0.10%). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Correlations between acidity of substituted phenylamides and inhibition of the Hill reaction was written by Camper, N. D.;Moreland, D. E.. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biophysics Including Photosynthesis in 1965.COA of Formula: C14H19Cl2NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Relative acidities of substituted phenylamides were determined by potentiometric titration with 0.1N tetrabutylammonium hydroxide methoxide in BuNH₂ and expressed as half-neutralization potentials (HNP). The HNP values were correlated with inhibitory potency expressed against the Hill reaction. Of the phenylamide families studied, i.e., phenylureas, N-phenylcarbamates, and acylanilides, the phenylureas were the most acidic. Within each family, increased acidity was correlated with increased inhibition for the unchlorinated, 3- or 4-monochloro, and 3,4-dichloro derivatives, respectively. A peak occurred in the activity-acidity curve for various metasubstituted derivatives of 2-propyl N-phenylcarbamate which may be related to an optimum charge on the imino N required for high inhibitory activity. Variations in length of the side chain did not markedly affect the HNP. Substitution of an OH group for the imino H, replacement of the carbonyl O with a S atom, and chlorination and (or) unsaturation in the alkyl group increased acidity, but in general decreased inhibitory activity. A correlation between charge on the imino N and inhibition of the Hill reaction is apparent if considerations are restricted to a comparison of derivatives in which electronic rather than steric influences predominate. Steric influences are considered to control the fit, as well as the ease, with which the inhibitor approaches the active site. Electronic influences conceivably control chem. reactivity and binding of the inhibitor at the active center. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)octanamide (cas: 730-25-6COA of Formula: C14H19Cl2NO).

N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)octanamide (cas: 730-25-6) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.COA of Formula: C14H19Cl2NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Standardization and in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of fruit and leaf of Piper sarmentosum was written by Hussain, Khalid;Ismail, Zhari;Sadikun, Amirin;Ibrahim, Pazilah. And the article was included in Planta Medica in 2010.HPLC of Formula: 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present study aimed to investigate standardized ethanol extracts of fruit and leaves of Piper sarmentosum for their in vivo antioxidant activity in rats using a CCl₄-induced oxidative stress model. The standardization was based on the quantification of the markers pellitorine, sarmentine and sarmentosine by HPLC, and determination of total primary and secondary metabolites. The rats, divided into 7 groups each, were used as follows: group 1 (CCl₄, neg. control), group 2 (untreated, control), groups 3 and 4 (fruit extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, resp.), groups 5 and 6 (leaf extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, resp.) and group 7 (vitamin-E 100 mg/kg, pos. control). The doses were administered orally for 14 days; 4 h following the last dose, a single dose of CCl₄ (1.5 mg/kg) was given orally to all the groups except group 2, and after 24 h, blood and liver of each animal were obtained. Anal. of plasma and liver homogenate exhibited significant preservation of markers of antioxidant activity, total plasma antioxidant activity (TPAA), total protein (TP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), in the pretreated groups as compared to the CCl₄ group. Histol. of the liver also evidenced the protection of hepatocytes against CCl₄ metabolites in the pretreated groups. The results of this study indicate the in vivo antioxidant activity of both extracts of the plant, which may be valuable to combat diseases involving free radicals. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7HPLC of Formula: 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.HPLC of Formula: 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Alkaloids from Piper nigrum Exhibit Antiinflammatory Activity via Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway was written by Ngo, Quynh-Mai Thi;Tran, Phuong Thao;Tran, Manh Hung;Kim, Jeong Ah.;Rho, Seong Soo;Lim, Chi-Hwan;Kim, Jin-Cheol;Woo, Mi Hee;Choi, Jae Sui;Lee, Jeong-Hyung;Min, Byung Sun. And the article was included in Phytotherapy Research in 2017.Related Products of 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In the present study, ten alkaloids, namely chabamide (1), pellitorine (2), retrofractamide A (3), pyrroperine (4), isopiperolein B (5), piperamide C9:1 (8E) (6), 6,7-dehydrobrachyamide B (7), 4,5-dihydropiperine (8), dehydropipernonaline (9), and piperine (10), were isolated from the fruits of Piper nigrum. Among these, chabamide (1), pellitorine (2), retrofractamide A (3), isopiperolein B (5), and 6,7-dehydrobrachyamide B (7) exhibited significant inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 6.8, 14.5, 30.2, 23.7, and 38.5 μM, resp. Furthermore, compound 1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IC₅₀ value of 9.5 μM. Consistent with NO inhibition, treatment of RAW264.7 cells with chabamide (1), pellitorine (2), and 6,7-dehydrobrachyamide B (7) suppressed expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Chabamide (1), pellitorine (2), and 6,7-dehydrobrachyamide B (7) induced heme-oxygenase-1 expression at the transcriptional level. In addition, compound 1 induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 target genes, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase catalytic subunit, in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. These findings suggest that chabamide (1) from P. nigrum exert antiinflammatory effects via the activation of the Nrf2/heme-oxygenase-1 pathway; hence, it might be a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Related Products of 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Related Products of 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Herbicidal activities of compounds isolated from the medicinal plant Piper sarmentosum was written by Feng, Gang;Chen, Min;Ye, Huo-Chun;Zhang, Zheng-Ke;Li, Hong;Chen, Li-Liang;Chen, Xiao-Ling;Yan, Chao;Zhang, Jing. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2019.Related Products of 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The discovery of novel natural herbicides is crucial to address increased weed resistance and environmental issues. In our previous screening for naturally occurring plant-derived herbicides, the ethanol extract of Piper sarmentosum leaves and stems possessed herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crusgalli and Amaranthus retroflexus. Here, four known compounds were isolated from the extracts by bioassay-guided fractionation. They were characterized as sarmentosine, sarmentine, piperine and pellitorine based on their spectral data. Phytotoxic anal. revealed that sarmentosine and sarmentine were more phytotoxic against E. crusgalli and A. retroflexus, inhibiting the shoot and root growth process in a concentration-dependent manner. The greenhouse herbicidal activity assay showed that sarmentine and sarmentosine could effectively control E. crusgalli and A. retroflexus at 5-mg/mL concentrations, resulting in inhibition rates of more than 80%. The weed-controlling spectrum test indicated that sarmentosine could effectively control barnyard grass (E. crusgalli), feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata), morning glory (Pharbitis nil), redroot pigweed (A. retroflexus) and Chinese jute (Abutilon theophrasti). In particular, sarmentosine exhibited synergistic effects against E. crusgalli and A. retroflexus when it was applied in combination with propanil (a com. herbicide). This is the first report of the herbicidal activity of the natural amine alkaloid sarmentosine and its synergistic effects. These findings warrant further investigations of P. sarmentosum to produce amine alkaloid-based weed control agents. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Related Products of 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Related Products of 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Larvicidal activity of lignans and alkaloid identified in Zanthoxylum piperitum bark toward insecticide-susceptible and wild Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti was written by Kim, Soon-Il;Ahn, Young-Joon. And the article was included in Parasites & Vectors in 2017.Computed Properties of C14H25NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens, transmit dengue fever and West Nile virus diseases, resp. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of the three lignans (-)-asarinin, sesamin and (+)-xanthoxylol-γ,γ-dimethylallylether (XDA), and the alkaloid pellitorine from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Rutaceae) bark to third-instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible C. pipiens pallens and Ae. aegypti as well as wild C. pipiens pallens resistant to deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, fenthion, and temephos. The toxicities of all isolates were compared with those of mosquito larvicide temephos. LC50 values for each species and their treatments were significantly different from one another when their 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. XDA was isolated from Z. piperitum as a new larvicidal principle. XDA (LC50, 0.27 and 0.24 mg/l) was 4, 53, and 144 times and 4, 100, and 117 times more toxic than pellitorine, sesamin, and asarinin toward larvae from susceptible C. pipiens pallens and Ae. aegypti, resp. Overall, all the isolates were less toxic than temephos (LC50, 0.006 and 0.009 mg/l). These constituents did not differ in toxicity to larvae from the two Culex strains. The present finding indicates that the lignans and alkaloid and the insecticides do not share a common mode of larvicidal action or elicit cross-resistance. Naturally occurring Z. piperitum bark-derived compounds, particularly XDA, merit further study as potential mosquito larval control agents or as lead compounds for the control of insecticide-resistant mosquito populations. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Computed Properties of C14H25NO).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Computed Properties of C14H25NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum heitzii stem bark and their insecticidal activity against the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae was written by Moussavi, Nastaran;Malterud, Karl Egil;Mikolo, Bertin;Dawes, Dag;Chandre, Fabrice;Corbel, Vincent;Massamba, Daniel;Overgaard, Hans J.;Wangensteen, Helle. And the article was included in Parasites & Vectors in 2015.Application of 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Zanthoxylum heitzii bark extracts have insecticidal properties and have been reported to be used against malaria in Western Africa. Previously, it has been shown that a hexane extract of the bark is toxic to adult females of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, a malaria vector. As part of our project on the control of malaria vectors using plant extracts, the phytochem. of Z. heitzii bark hexane extract has been investigated with the aim to identify the major components with adulticidal and larvicidal effects on An. gambiae. Z. heitzii stem bark was extracted with hexane, and the extract was fractionated to isolate major components from the bark, identified by NMR spectroscopy. Isolated compounds were tested for toxicity towards adult female An. gambiae mosquitoes and for larvicidal effects towards An. gambiae. The alkaloid dihydronitidine, the sesquiterpenoid caryophyllene oxide, the amide pellitorine and the lignan sesamin were identified as the major constituents in Z. heitzii bark. Pellitorine was toxic to both adult insects (LD50 50 ng/mg insect) and larvae (LD50 13 μg/mL). None of the other compounds were toxic to adults, but caryophyllene oxide and sesamin exhibited moderate larvicidal effects (LD50 > 150 μg/mL). A mixture of the four compounds in the same ratio as in the hexane extract showed higher toxicity (LD50 34 ng/mg insect) towards adult insects than the pure compounds The toxicity of Z. heitzii bark hexane extract to An. gambiae is mostly due to pellitorine, although interactions between pellitorine and other, inactive constituents may enhance the activity of the extract This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Application of 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Application of 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics