Tag: 200-300

The alkamide trans-pellitorine targets pparg via trpv1 and trpa1 to reduce lipid accumulation in developing 3t3-l1 adipocytes was written by Lieder, Barbara;Zaunschirm, Mathias;Holik, Ann-Katrin;Ley, Jakob P.;Hans, Joachim;Krammer, Gerhard E.;Somoza, Veronika. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2017.Formula: C14H25NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ in the human body. However, pathol. overgrowth is associated with chronic illness. Regulation of adipogenesis and maturation of adipocytes via bioactive compounds in our daily diet has been in focus of research in the past years and showed promising results for agonists of the ion channels transient receptor potential channel (TRP) V1 and A1. Here, we investigated the anti-adipogenic potential and underlying mechanisms of the alkamide trans-pellitorine present in Piper nigrum via TRPV1 and TRPA1 in 3T3-L1 cells. transpellitorine was found to suppress mean lipid accumulation, when applied during differentiation and maturation, but also during maturation phase solely of 3T3-L1 cells in a concentration range between 1 nM and 1 mM by up to 8.84 ± 4.97 or 7.49 ± 5.08%, resp. Blockage of TRPV1 using the specific inhibitor trans-tert-butyl-cyclohexanol demonstrated that the anti-adipogenic activity of transpellitorine depends on TRPV1. In addition, blockage of the TRPA1 channel using the antagonist AP-18 showed a TRPA1-dependent signaling in the early to intermediate stages of adipogenesis. On a mechanistic level, treatment with trans-pellitorine during adipogenesis led to reduced PPARg expression on gene and protein level via activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1, and increased expression of the microRNA mmu-let-7b, which has been associated with reduced PPARg levels. In addition, cells treated with transpellitorine showed decreased expression of the gene encoding for fatty acid synthase, increased expression of microRNA-103 and a decreased short-term fatty acid uptake on the functional level. In summary, these data point to an involvement of the TRPV1 and TRPA1 cation channels in the anti-adipogenic activity of trans-pellitorine via microRNAlet7b and PPARg. Since trans-pellitorine does not directly activate TRPV1 or TRPA1, an indirect modulation of the channel activity is assumed and warrants further investigation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Formula: C14H25NO).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Formula: C14H25NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of ortho-substituted anilines. IV. o-Amino- and o-acylamino-benzoylarylamines was written by Grammaticakis, Panos. And the article was included in Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France in 1962.Computed Properties of C13H11BrN2O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

cf. CA 55, 22222a. The spectra of 4 types of ortho-substituted benzamides were measured and the effects of structural differences noted. The substituted benzamides have the general formula o-RNHC₆H₄CON(R’)C₆H₄X (I) where R = H, Ac, Bz, or CONHPh; R’ = H or Me; X = H, Me, Cl, Br, or OMe, also where C₆H₄X = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃ or 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂. The compounds were dissolved in 95% EtOH and 20 figures show the spectra log ε, 2142-3750 A., of 60 compounds Preparation methods are discussed and m.ps. are reported for the following, with X as noted. I, R = R’ = H H 119°, o-Ph 1120, o-Me 107°, o-Me 119°, m-Me 150°, o-Cl 99-100°, m-Cl 137-8°, p-Cl 148-9°, o-Br 103-4°, o-Br 151°, m-Br 156°, o-MeO 109°, m-MeO 87°, p-MeO 121°. o-Aminobenzoyl-N-methylaniline, o-aminobenzoyl-2,6-di-methylaniline, o-aminobenzoyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline m. 129°, 137, 143-4°, resp. For I, R=Ac, R’=H: H 166°, o-Ph 166°, o-Me 163°, m-Me 178°, o-Me 193°, o-Cl 152-3°, m-Cl 189°, p-Cl 204°, o-Br 156°, m-Br 194°, m-Br 207°, o-MeO 139°, m-MeO 170°, m-MeO 189°. o-Acetamido-benzoyl-N-methylaniline, o-acetamidobenzoyl-2,6-dimeth-ylaniline, o-acetamidobenzoyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline m. 128°, 180°, 207°, resp. I, R = Bz, R’ = H: H 280°, o-Ph 180°, o-Me 220-1% m-Me 224°, o-Me 233°, o-Cl 173°, m-Cl 244°, p-Cl 250°, o-Br 171°, o-MeO 166°, o-MeO 198°, p-OMe 233°. o-Benzamidobenzoyl-N-methylaniline, o-benzamidobenzoyl-2,6-dimethylaniline, o-benzamidoben-zoyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline m. 134°, 207-8°, 228-9°, resp. I, R = CONHPh, R’ = H: H 250°, o-Ph 224°, o-Me 265°, m-Me 217°, o-Me 232°, o-Cl 223°, p-Cl 243°, o-MoO 205°, m-MoO 231°, m-MeO 215°, o-Phenylcarbamoylbenzoyl-N-methylaniline, o-phenylcarbamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline m. 156-7°, 240°, resp. Higher m.ps. are recorded with the Maquenne block. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Amino-N-(2-bromophenyl)benzamide (cas: 34489-85-5Computed Properties of C13H11BrN2O).

2-Amino-N-(2-bromophenyl)benzamide (cas: 34489-85-5) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Computed Properties of C13H11BrN2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of 5-nitroisothiazolone and derivatives was written by Ponci, R.;Baruffini, A.;Croci, M.;Gialdi, F.. And the article was included in Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica in 1963.Safety of N-Benzyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Adding a solution of KOH in EtOH with stirring to 80 g. 2,5-Cl(O₂N)C₆H₃CO₂H (I) in 300 cc. EtOH and concentrating to dryness at 40° gave I K salt. Powd. and dried I K salt (24 g.) was suspended in 220 cc. absolute EtOH, the mixture heated to boiling, 0.05 mole freshly prepared Na₂S₂ in 96% EtOH added with stirring in 90 min., and the mixture heated 1 hr. to give 65-70% yellow [2,4-HO₂C(O₂N)C₆H₃]₂S (II), m. 280° (decomposition) (AcOH). A suspension of 6 g. II in anhydrous PhMe and 7 g. PCl₅ was refluxed 2.5 hrs. to give 6.5 g. yellow [2,4-ClOC(O₂N)C₆H₃]₂S (III), m. 229-30° (dioxane). III was converted with refluxing absolute EtOH to [2,4-EtO₂C(O₂N)C₆H₃]₂S, m. 169° (benzene-petr. ether). Powd. 2,5-Cl(O₂N)C₆H₃CO₂H was covered with SOCl₂ and the mixture refluxed 1.5 hrs. to give 90% 2,5-Cl(O₂N)C₆H₃COCl (IV), m 60-1° (ligroine). IV was converted to the following 2,5-Cl(O₂N)C₆H₃CONHR (V) with a dioxane solution of the appropriate amine (or by bubbling in NH₃) (R and m.p. given): H, 178°; Ph, 158°; Bu, 136°; PhCH₂, 195°; 3-pyridylmethyl, 201°. III and a dioxane solution of the appropriate amine (method A) or 0.02 mole V and 0.01 mole freshly prepared Na₂S₂ in EtOH refluxed 90 min. (method B) gave the following: [2,4-ROC(O₂N)C₆H₃]₂S (VI) (method, R, and m.p. given): A, NH₂, 250° (decomposition); A, MeNH, 255° (decomposition); A or B, BuNH, 215-18°; B, PhCH₂NH, 243-5°; A, piperidino, 183°; A or B, PhNH, 241-3°; A, p-ClC₆H₄NH, >230° (decomposition); A or B, 3-pyridylmethylamino, 194-5°. Treating V (R = PhCH₂NH) (VII) with an equivalent amount of Na₂S₂.9H₂O gave 2,5-EtO(O₂N)C₆H₃CONHCH₂Ph (VIII), m. 151° (EtOH), which was also obtained directly from VII and alc. NaOH. VII and methanolic NaOH gave 2,5-MeO(O₂N)C₆H₃CONHCH₂Ph, m. 108° (benzene-petr. ether). Heating 1 mole 2,5-EtO(O₂N)C₆H₃COCl, m. 80° (prepared from the corresponding acid, m. 161-3°, and SOCl₂) with 2 moles PhCH₂NH₂ in 10% dioxane 20 min. at 50° gave VIII. III (5 g.) in 150 cc. anhydrous (CHCl₂)₂ was treated with 4 cc. Br, the mixture refluxed 90 min., excess Br removed in vacuo, the solution concentrated to half volume, anhydrous CCl₄ added in 2 80-cc. portions, and the solution concentrated to 70 cc., and filtered. Then, 12 cc. 20% aqueous NH₃ was introduced slowly with vigorous stirring at <20°, and the mixture kept 2 hrs. at ambient temperatures to give about 3 g. yellow IX (R = H), m. >280° (AcOH) (method C). Refluxing 1 g. VI(R = NH₂) in 50 cc.(CHCl₂)₂ with 1.5 cc. Br 6 hrs. gave 0.4 g. IX (R = H) (method D). The following IX were thus prepared (method, R, and m.p. given): C or D, Me, 229-30°; C or D, PhCH₂, 142°; C or D, Ph, 228°; C, p-C₆H₄Cl, 215-17°; C, Bu, 79°. The last compound was also prepared by suspending 2.17 g. III in 40 cc. anhydrous (CHCl₂)₂, adding 6 drops of 20% oleum, and heating at 50-60° while introducing a fast stream of Cl. The excess Cl was removed in a stream of dry N and the filtered solution dropped into 20 cc. anhydrous CCl₄ containing 4.4 g. BuNH₂. After standing 1 hr. at ambient temperatures, the mixture was extracted with very cold dilute HCl and then washed with H₂O. The identity of IX was confirmed by conversion to the corresponding 5-nitrosaccharins (X). To a suspension of 3 g. IX (R = H) in 30 cc. AcOH was added 10 cc. 30% H₂O₂ and the mixture heated 60 min. at 100° to give X (R = H), m. 213-16° (method E). An ethereal solution of 2 g. 2,4-Cl(O₂N)C₆H₃SO₂Cl was dropped with stirring into 5 cc. 20% NH₃ with cooling. The mixture was kept 2 hrs. at ambient temperatures, concentrated, and dried in vacuo at low temperature A 1-g. portion of the residue was dissolved in 100 cc. H₂O, passed through a 2-cm. diameter column containing 40 g. Amberlite C.G. 120 activity, and eluted with 150 cc. H₂O to give X (R = H) (method F). X (R = Na) (1 g.) in 5 cc. HCONMe₂ was heated slowly to reflux with 2 equivalents MeI and the mixture refluxed 15 min. to give 70% X (R = Me) (method G). The following X were also prepared (method, R, and m.p. given): E, Me, 170°; E or G, Bu, 74°; E or G, PhCH₂, 139°; E or F, Ph, 203°; E, p-C₆H₄Cl, 181°. Dried and powd. 7 g. II was added in small portions with stirring to 50 cc. HNO₃ (d. 1.52) kept at 0°, the mixture kept 30 min. with stirring at ambient temperatures, and 100 cc. 10% K₂CO₃ added dropwise with external cooling to give 8.5 g. 2,4-HO₂C(O₂N)C₆H₃SO₃K (XI). A suspension of 6.1 g. 2,5-H₂N(O₂N)C₆H₃Me in 20 cc. concentrated HCl was cooled to -5° and diazotized with 2.8 g. NaNO₂ in 10 cc. H₂O. The mixture was poured slowly with stirring into AcOH saturated with SO₂, and 2 g. CuCl₂.2H₂O dissolved in a min. amount of H₂O was added. The mixture was allowed to warm to 20°, stirred until gas evolution had ceased, and diluted with 240 cc. H₂O to precipitate 2,4-Me(O₂N)C₆H₃SO₂Cl (XII). XII was suspended in 60 cc. 5% KOH, heated to solution, treated with 120 cc. 10% KMnO₄, and heated until the color of KMnO₄ disappeared to give 3 g. XI. XI was converted to the acid chloride with PCl₅ in the usual manner. Dissolving X (R = H) in 100 cc. EtOH, adding a stoichiometric amount of EtONa in EtOH, and allowing the mixture to stand in ice several hrs. gave X (R = Na). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide (cas: 83909-69-7Safety of N-Benzyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide).

N-Benzyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide (cas: 83909-69-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Safety of N-Benzyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inhibitors of the Hill reaction was written by Good, Norman E.. And the article was included in Plant Physiology in 1961.Safety of N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)octanamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Compounds (147) of the general formula RNHC(X)R’ were studied as inhibitors of the reduction of ferricyanide by illuminated chloroplasts. The following were prepared (R, X, R’, and m.p. given): octyl, O, Me₂N, 27-8°; cyclohexyl, O, Me₂N, 156-7°; benzyl, O, Me₂N, 76-7°; and Ph, O. 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 127-9°. Similarly, 4-ClC₆H₄NHC(X)R'(X, R’, and m.p. given): O, Cl₂CH 137-8°; O Cl₃C, 127-8°; S, Et, 77-8°; O, 1-chloroethyl, 112°; O, 1,1-dichloroethyl, 94-5°; O, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 121-2°; O, Me₃C, 148-9°; and S, 4-chloroanilino, 178-9°. Similarly, 3-ClC₆H₄NHC(X)R’; O, H, 55-6°; O, ClCH₂, 99-100°; O, Cl₃C, 101-2°; O, Pr, 45-6°; O, iso-Pr, 112°; O, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 112-13°; O, Me₂N, 139-41°; and O, 4-chloro-3-butynoxy, 75-6°. Similarly, 2-ClC₆H₄NHC(X)R’: O, Cl₃C, 62°; O, 1-chloroethyl, 59°; O, Pr, 80°; O, iso-Pr, 93-4°; O, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 88-9°; and O, Me₃C, 76. Similarly, 3,5-Cl₂C₆H₃NHC(X)R”: O, H, 127°; O, Cl₃C, 121-2°; O, Et, 118-20°; O, 2-chloroethyl, 97-8°; O, Pr, 85-6°; O, iso-Pr, 134-5°; O, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 106-7°; and O, Me₂N, 163-5°. Similarly, 3,4-Cl₂C₆H₃NHC(X)R’: O, ClCH₂, 106-7°; O, Cl₃C, 124-6°; O, BrCH₂, 99-101°; O, 1,1-dichloroethyl, 110-12°; S, Et, 71-2°; O, 2-chloroethyl, 112-13°; O, 2-propenyl, 120-2°; O, Me₃C, 145-6°; O, sec-Bu, 112-13°; O, pentyl, 75-6°; O, heptyl, 42°; O, octyl, 69-70°; O, nonyl, 70-1°; O, Ph, 145-6°; O, 2-ClC₆H₄, 152-3°; O, 4-ClC₆H₄, 172-3°; O, 2,4-Cl₂C₆H₃, 156-7°; O, 3,4-Cl₂C₆H₃, 227-8°; O, cyclohexyl, 137-8°; O, benzyl, 132°; O, 3,4-dichlorobenzyl, 186-7°; O, PhOCH₂ 141-2°; O, 2,4-Cl₂C₆H₃OCH₂, 160-1°; O, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 103°; O, 3-phenylpropyl, 74-5°; O, trans-2-naphthylmethyl, 157-8°; O, 1-naphthylmethyl, 170-2°; O, PrNH, 128-9°; O, BuNH, 121-2°; O, hexylamino, 104-5°; O, benzylamino, 171-2°; O, 2-hydroxylethylamino, 137-8°; O, Et₂N, 111-2; O, Pr₂ , 96-7°; O, iso-Pr₂N, 130-1°; O, piperidino, 172-3°; S, Et₂N, 95-6°; and S, EtNH, 114-15°. Similarly, iso-PrC(O)NHR: 2,3-Cl₂C₆H₃, 108-9°; 2,5-Cl₂C₆H₃, 137-9°; 2,4,5-Cl₃C₆H₂ 145-6°; 2,4,6-Cl₃C₆H₂, 151-2°; 2-MeOC₆H₄, 44°; 4-MeOC₆H₄, 109-11°; 4-O₂NC₆H₄, 167-9°; 3-O₂NC₆H₄, 93°; 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl, 146-7°; 2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl, 142-3°; 2-methyl-4-chlorophenyl, 163-4°; 3-nitro-4-methylphenyl, 106-7°; 1-naphthyl, 147-9°; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl, 102°; 4-Me₂NC₆H₄, 157-8°; 2,6-dimethylphenyl, -; cyclohexyl, 116-17°; and benzyl, 91-2°. Generalizations: substitution on the 3-, 4-, or 5-positions of the benzene ring of the aniline derivatives by Cl, Br, MeO, or Me increased the inhibition. Other parts of the mol. being equal, the activity of the chloroanilides was in the decreasing order: 3,4; 3,5 and 3 and 4; unsubstituted and 2,4,5; 2,5 and 2,3; 2. p- and m-Nitro groups reduced activity slightly and p-dimethylamino reduced it greatly. The effects of modifying the acyl moiety of the anilides was too complex to classify. Polar groups reduced activity. N-Chloroacetyl-N-methylaniline, lacking an imino H, was barely inhibitory. The role of H bonding was uncertain. Substitutions on the aniline moiety which favor H bonding increased the effectiveness, but modification of the acyl moiety did not, since the imino H atoms of chloroacetyl and trichloroacetyl-3,4-dichloroaniline form bonds with carbonyl O to a very limited extent, although both were excellent inhibitors. The same was true of the triazines. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)octanamide (cas: 730-25-6Safety of N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)octanamide).

N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)octanamide (cas: 730-25-6) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Safety of N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)octanamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fungicidal properties of 2,2′-dicarbamido-4,4′-dinitrodiphenyl sulfides and of 5-nitro-1,2-benzoisothiazolones was written by Ponci, R;Baruffini, A.;Gialdi, F.. And the article was included in Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica in 1964.Application of 83909-69-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The fungicidal activity was determined in vitro for several [2,3-XOC(O₂N)C₆H₃S]₂ (I) (X = H₂N, MeNH, BuNH, PhCH₂NH, PhNH, p-ClC₆H₄NH, 3-pyridyl-methylamino, morpholino) and II (R = H, Me, Bu, PhCH₂, Ph, p-ClC₆H₄, Ac, ClCH₂CO, EtCO, AmCO, Et₂CHCO, C₆H₁₅CO, PhCH₂CH₂OCO, Bz, p-ClC₆H₄CO, p-O₂ONC₆H4CO). All I and II exhibited high activity toward Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 8757; some of them were also tested against Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Madurella griesa, Microsporum audouini, Nocardia asteroides, and Sternphylium sarcinaeforme. The results confirm the antifungal activity of the substances tested and emphasize their wide spectrum of activity. Comparative tests with the I and II and the non-nitrated analogs demonstrated the influence of the NO₂ group on the activity. In the disulfide series the NO₂ group exerts a neg. effect in the case of the N-unsubstituted dicarbamide and a slight but neg. effect in the N-monosubstituted carbamides. The comparison of the II with the NO₂-free analogs showed a profound neg. effect by the NO₂ in the N-unsubstituted benzisothiazolone; however, slight variations of activity are observed in the N-substituted compounds 5-Nitro-1,2-benzoisothiazolone (III) pasted with an appropriate acid anhydride and heated 1-1.5 hrs. at 100-20° gave the corresponding II. III (10%) in H₂O stirred at 40° with the stoichiometric amount 2N NaOH, and the resulting Na salt dried 2 hrs. at 130°, suspended in dry C₆H₆ or MePh, treated with 1 mole 10% solution of a suitable halide in the same solvent, and refluxed 0.5-5 hrs. with stirring yielded the corresponding II. III (10%) in C₅H₅N treated dropwise at room temperature with stirring with 1 mole suitable halide, and heated 0.5 hr. at 50-60° gave the corresponding II. The appropriate amide (10-20%) in dry C₅H₅N treated at room temperature portionwise with 1 mole chlorobromide of 2,4-HO₂C(O₂N)C₆H₃SH in (CHCl₂)₂ and heated 1 hr. at 50-60° yielded the corresponding II. These methods gave II (R and m.p. given): Me, 190-2° (decomposition) (EtOH); ClCH₂, 165-7° (CHCl₃); Et, 179-80° [C₆H₆-petr. ether); Am, 108-9° (EtOH); Et₂OCH, 107° (MeOH); C₆H₁₃, 113° (EtOH); PhCH₂CH₂, 138-40° (EtOH); Ph, 180° (xylene); p-ClC₆H₄, 233-4° (MePh); p-O₂NC₆H₄, decomposition above 245° (xylene). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide (cas: 83909-69-7Application of 83909-69-7).

N-Benzyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide (cas: 83909-69-7) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Application of 83909-69-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of constituents identified in Asarum heterotropoides root on human intestinal bacteria was written by Perumalsamy, Haribalan;Jung, Moon Young;Hong, Seung Min;Ahn, Young-Joon. And the article was included in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine in 2013.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background: The growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of seven constituents identified in Asarum heterotropoides root on 14 intestinal bacteria were compared with those of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Method: A microtiter plate-based bioassay in sterile 96-well plates was used to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the test materials against the organisms. Results: δ-3-Carene (5) exhibited the most potent growth inhibition of Gram-pos. bacteria (Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689, Clostridium paraputrificum ATCC 25780, Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600) and Gram-neg. bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 and Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285) (minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), 0.18-0.70 mg/mL) except for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 (MIC, 2.94 mg/mL). The MIC of methyleugenol (2), 1,8-cineole (3), α-asarone (4), (-)-asarinin (6), and pellitorine (7) was between 1.47 and 2.94 mg/mL against all test bacteria (except for compound 2 against C. difficile (0.70 mg/mL); compounds 1 (23.50 mg/mL) and 4 (5.80 mg/mL) against C. paraputricum; compounds 2 (5.80 mg/mL), 4 (12.0 mg/mL), and 7 (0.70 mg/mL) against C. perfringens); compound 1 against E. coli (7.20 mg/mL) and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (12.0 mg/mL). Overall, all of the constituents were less potent at inhibiting microbial growth than ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.063-0.25 mg/ mL). The lactic acid-producing bacteria (four bifidobacteria and two lactobacilli) and one acidulating bacterium Clostridium butyricum ATCC 25779 were less sensitive and more susceptible than the five harmful bacteria and two nonpathogenic bacteria (B. fragilis and E. coli) to the constituents and to ciprofloxacin, resp. Beneficial Gram-pos. bacteria and harmful and nonpathogenic Gram-neg. bacteria were observed to have different degrees of antimicrobial susceptibility to the constituents, although the antimicrobial susceptibility of the harmful Gram-pos. bacteria and the harmful and nonpathogenic Gram-neg. bacteria was not observed SEM observations showed different degrees of phys. damage and morphol. alteration to both Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria treated with α-asarone, δ-3-carene, pellitorine, or ciprofloxacin, indicating that they do not share a common mode of action. Conclusion:A. heterotropoides root-derived materials described merit further study as potential antibacterial products or lead mols. for the prevention or eradication from humans from diseases caused by harmful intestinal bacteria. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The traditional mongolian medicine qiqirigan-8 effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation in obesity: pharmacodynamic evaluation and relevant metabolites was written by Narenmandula;Hongmei;Ding, Xiaoqing;Li, Kexin;Hashentuya;Yang, Dezhi;Wendurige;Yang, Rui;Yang, Dandan;Tana;Wang, Haisheng;Eerdunduleng;Tegexibaiyin;Wang, Changshan;Bao, Xilinqiqige;Menggenduxi. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2022.Related Products of 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Traditional Mongolian Medicine Qiqirigan-8 (MMQ-8) is a Chinese botanical drug with effective pharmacol. properties in obesity. However, the pharmacol. mechanism of MMQ-8 remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the active metabolites of MMQ-8 and its therapeutic effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation. The active metabolites of MMQ-8 were identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph Q extractive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) assay and network anal. An obesity rat model induced by high-fat diet was used in the study. Serum levels of lipids and inflammatory factors were detected using biochem. anal. and ELISA (ELISA). Pathol. anal. of liver tissues and arteries was conducted with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochem. Protein expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway was investigated by Western-blot. Simultaneously, bone marrow cells were used for RNA sequencing and relevant results were validated by cell culture and quant. real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We identified 69 active metabolites and 551 target genes of MMQ-8. Of these, there are 65 active metabolites and 225 target genes closely related to obesity and inflammation. In vivo, we observed that MMQ-8 had general decreasing effects on body weight, white adipose tissue weight, and serum lipids. MMQ-8 treatment notably decreased the liver function markers and hepatic steatosis, and significantly decreased inflammation. In serum, it notably decreased TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), while elevating IL-10 levels. MMQ-8 treatment also significantly inhibited proteins phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2), and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), and decreased vascular endothelium damage and macrophage infiltration and polarization to M1. These findings coincide with the RNA-sequencing data of bone marrow cells and results of in vitro experiments We determined the pharmacol. actions and relevant metabolites of MMQ-8 in obesity for the first time. Our study revealed MMQ-8 can optimize lipid metabolism and reduce chronic inflammation in obesity. However, more in-depth research is needed, for example, to understand the principle of compound compatibility and the inhibition effects on hepatic steatosis, T cell differentiation, and inflammatory signal transduction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Related Products of 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Related Products of 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition by Major Compounds in a Kenyan Multi-Herbal Composition (CareVid): In Vitro and In Silico Contrast was written by Rotich, Winnie;Sadgrove, Nicholas J.;Mas-Claret, Eduard;Padilla-Gonzalez, Guillermo F.;Guantai, Anastasia;Langat, Moses K.. And the article was included in Pharmaceuticals in 2021.Formula: C14H25NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

CareVid is a multi-herbal product used in southwest Kenya as an immune booster and health tonic and has been anecdotally described as improving the condition of HIV-pos. patients. The product is made up of roots, barks and whole plant of 14 African medicinal plants: Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile (currently, Vachelia nilotica (L.) P.J.H Hurter & Mabb.), Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms, Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg, Asparagus africanus Lam., Bersama abyssinica Fresen., Clematis hirsuta Guill. & Perr., Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile, Clutia robusta Pax (accepted as Clutia kilimandscharica Engl.), Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb, Ekebergia capensis Sparm., Periploca linearifolia Qt.-Dill. & A. Rich., Plantago palmata Hook.f., Prunus africana Hook.f. Kalkman and Rhamnus prinoides L′Her. The objective of this study was to determine the major chem. constituents of CareVid solvent extracts and screen them for in vitro and in silico activity against the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme. To achieve this, CareVid was sep. extracted using CH2Cl2, MeOH, 80% EtOH in H2O, cold H2O, hot H2O and acidified H2O (pH 1.5-3.5). The extracts were analyzed using HPLC-MS equipped with UV diode array detection. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition was performed in vitro and compared to in silico HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition, with the latter carried out using MOE software, placing the docking on the hydrophobic pocket in the subdomain of p66, the NNRTI pocket. The MeOH and 80% EtOH extracts showed strong in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition, with an EC50 of 7 μg·mL-1. The major components were identified as sucrose, citric acid, ellagic acid, catechin 3-hexoside, epicatechin 3-hexoside, procyanidin B, hesperetin O-rutinoside, pellitorine, mangiferin, isomangiferin, 4-O-coumaroulquinic acid, ellagic acid, ellagic acid O-pentoside, crotepoxide, oleuropein, magnoflorine, tremulacin and an isomer of dammarane tetrol. Ellagic acid and procyanidin B inhibited the HIV-1 reverse transcription process at 15 and 3.2 μg/mL-1, resp. Docking studies did not agree with in vitro results because the best scoring ligand was crotepoxide (ΔG = -8.55 kcal/mol), followed by magnoflorine (ΔG = -8.39 kcal/mol). This study showed that CareVid has contrasting in vitro and in silico activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. However, the strongest in vitro inhibitors were ellagic acid and procyanidin B. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Formula: C14H25NO).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Formula: C14H25NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Simultaneous determination of five N-alkylamides in the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum by HPLC and profiling of components in its methanolic root extract by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS was written by Ji, Ruifang;Quan, Qinghua;Guo, Xiaoyu;Zhang, Jiamei;Song, Yongli;Zhu, Mengting;Tan, Peng;Han, Jing;Liu, Yonggang. And the article was included in Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia in 2019.Formula: C14H25NO The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The root of Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag., Asteraceae, is very widely used for treating various diseases in Traditional Uygur Medicine, particularly in the treatment of vitiligo. However, there have been few studies on the quality standards of A. pyrethrum in China. A. pyrethrum contains abundant N-alkylamides, which are considered to be the principal components. Therefore, based on the previous research in our group, six N-alkylamides were obtained by using column chromatog. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatog. quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to determine the mass spectrometry cleavage mechanism of these six monomer components and established the mass spectrometry cleavage law of N-alkylamides. Then, we used the ultra-performance liquid chromatog. quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method to rapidly identify and analyze the N-alkylamide components of the A. pyrethrum methanol extract Finally, twenty N-alkylamides were identified, including eleven N-isobutylamides, two N-Me isobutylamides, six 4-hydroxyphenylethyl-amide and one 2-phenylethylamide. Five of these compounds were identified as new compounds that have not been reported to date. Two of these compounds were identified for the first time in this herb. Therefore, this work provides an approach for the quality anal. of N-alkylamides in the root of A. pyrethrum. A search of the literature showed that the content determination in the A. pyrethrum quality standard is still a remaining problem. N-alkylamides are the main components of A. pyrethrum. Even though ultra-performance liquid chromatog. quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry has the advantages of lower time and higher efficiency compared to high-performance liquid chromatog., considering the ease of repeatability and universality of the quality control method, we chose to use high-performance liquid chromatog. for content determination In this experiment, high-performance liquid chromatog. was used for the first time to establish a simple, rapid and accurate method for evaluating the N-alkylamide content in A. pyrethrum with five N-alkylamides used as the standards Finally, this work provides a qual. and quant. method for the anal. of N-alkylamides in A. pyrethrum, improving the quality control standards for A. pyrethrum. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Formula: C14H25NO).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Formula: C14H25NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bioactivity-guided isolation of alkamides from a cytotoxic fraction of the ethyl acetate extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) DC. roots. was written by Hamimed, Souad;Boulebda, Nadji;Laouer, Hocine;Belkhiri, Abdelmalik. And the article was included in Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences in 2018.Recommanded Product: 18836-52-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The alc. extract of Pellitory (Anacyclus pyrethrum) roots has been previously shown to exert anticancer activities on the Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line (HCT) by targeting apoptosis, metastasis and cell cycle arrest. However, the nature of the cytotoxic mols. associated with this activity remains unexplored. This study aims to reinvestigate Pellitory root extract as regard to its cytotoxic activity and to proceed to a bioguided fractionation to explore its active fraction and to give new insight in their phytochem. constituents. Powd. roots were subjected to repeated extraction with Petroleum ether (Pe), Chloroform (Ch), Et acetate (Ea) and Methanol (Me). Pellitory extracts were then screened for cytotoxic activity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality (BSL) bioassay. Ea extract exhibited a marked cytotoxic activity, with LC₅₀ of 249.26 μg/mL in the BSL bioassay. The remaining extracts (Pe,Ch,Me) treated groups exhibited no or low mortality in the range of tested concentrations (1-1000 μg/mL). BSL assay-guided chromatog. fractionation of Ea active Extract revealed a highly cytotoxic fraction (F11) with LC₅₀ of 42.5 μg/mL. Multistep purifications of the active F11 fraction afforded four alkamides, namely N-isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide or Pellitorine (I), N-propyldodeca- -2,8-dienamide (II), N-isobutyltetradeca-2,4-dienamide (III) and N-propylnona-2,5- -dienamide (IV). This study suggests that cytotoxic activity is localized mainly in the Et acetate extract (Ea) of pellitory roots. BSL assay fractionation of this active extract leads to the isolation of four alkamides, including pellitorine (I). While this iso-Bu alkamide has previously shown strong cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines, the other compounds (II to IV) were not previously reported as cytotoxic. Subsequently, the isolated alkamides will be considered in future study as candidates for in depth in-vitro evaluation of their cytotoxicity against cancer and normal cell lines. Finally, through this study, BSL assay demonstrate again its usefulness as bench-top assay in exploring plant extracts for cytotoxic compounds This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Recommanded Product: 18836-52-7).

(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: 18836-52-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics